Nyeem paj huam txhim kho lub hlwb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Paj huam tsis tsuas yog ennoble peb sab ntsuj plig, tab sis kuj tsim peb lub hlwb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov haujlwm neuronal hauv cov teeb meem grey ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas nyeem cov masterpieces ntawm classical paj huam. Lawv tau ua kom lub paj hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev nco txog yav dhau los kev paub dhau los kom ua haujlwm. Nws hloov tawm tias nyeem "Eugene Onegin", peb tuaj yeem rov xav txog peb tus kheej yav dhau los?

Classical paj huam tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo siab rau tus ntsuj plig, tab sis kuj yog kev cob qhia neurophysiological rau lub hlwb. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Liverpool (UK) nug cov lus nug uas xav paub: yog suab paj nruag cuam tshuam rau peb lub hlwb hauv txoj kev zoo kawg nkaus, ua rau ob qho tib si hemispheres ua haujlwm, txhim kho kev nco thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb, tej zaum paj huam muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam?

Lawv tsis yuam kev. Kev soj ntsuam cov neeg uas nyeem cov hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Thomas Stearns, Eliot thiab lwm yam luminaries ntawm lus Askiv paj huam, cov neeg sim ntsuas seb lawv lub hlwb ua haujlwm li cas rau lub sijhawm no. Txhawm rau sib piv yuav ua li cas cov ntsiab lus 'hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb yuav ua li cas rau tib zaj dab neeg hais hauv cov lus zoo tib yam, cov haujlwm ntawm cov classics tau sau dua tshiab hauv kev hais lus thiab muab rau tib cov neeg tuaj yeem nyeem ntawv.

Nws muab tawm tias thaum nyeem paj huam, neurons hnov qab txhua lo lus. Lub hlwb reacts tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sharply rau txawv poetic lem. Piv txwv li, thaum Shakespeare's epithet "insane" rau cua tau hloov los ntawm lo lus yooj yim "furious" nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lub hlwb coj cov lus no rau kev tso cai. Tab sis nws yog qhov txawv txav epithet "insane" uas ua rau lub paj hlwb mob, zoo li lub hlwb tau sim kom paub tias lo lus ua dab tsi ntawm no.

Cov paj huam siab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom, ua rau muaj kev xav ntau dhau hauv lub hlwb. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev cuam tshuam no tshwm sim rau qee lub sijhawm: tom qab ua cov lus txawv txawv lossis kev hloov pauv, lub hlwb tsis rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev dhau los, tab sis khaws qee qhov kev xav ntxiv, uas thawb kom nyeem ntxiv. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias paj huam zoo muaj txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg!

Nyeem paj huam, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, kuj tau qhib txoj cai hemisphere ntawm lub hlwb, los yog, nws cheeb tsam, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau autobiographical nco. Tus nyeem ntawv zoo li yuav tig mus rau nws tus kheej kev paub dhau los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev xav uas nws nyuam qhuav tau txais. Nws hloov tawm tias los ntawm kev nyeem Hamlet thiab Wordsworth, peb tuaj yeem rov xav txog peb tus kheej yav dhau los. Kuv xav paub yog tias psychologists yuav siv cov txheej txheem no. Piv txwv li, cov neeg muaj kev kub ntxhov yuav raug txhawb kom nyeem cov paj huam classical txhua hmo.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau cog lus tias yuav sim qhov kev kwv yees no, thiab tib lub sijhawm, seb puas yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo sib xws los ntawm kev nyeem cov lus hais (cov kws tshawb fawb Liverpool yuav mus xyuas qhov no ntawm tus piv txwv ntawm Dickens thiab lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze - luminaries). Lub sijhawm no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kev kos duab tsis yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov lus sib dhos, sau ntawv, lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev mob stroke ntawm daim ntaub. Thiab tam sim no nws yog scientific paub tseeb. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias ob qho tib si suab paj nruag thiab kev kos duab zoo kawg nkaus txhim kho thiab "cov qauv" lub hlwb.

Suab paj nruag, zoo li tsis cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam kev qhuab qhia hauv tsev kawm, pab cov tub ntxhais kawm kom kawm tau zoo dua. Tom qab kev tshawb fawb dav dav, nws tau pom tias suab paj nruag tsim kev nco qab (uas yog, muaj peev xwm nco tau cov lus thiab cov ntawv nyeem). Ib qho kev sim paub tseeb tias qhov no tau ua hauv Hong Kong. Cov kws tshawb fawb Suav tau nrhiav 90 tus tub, ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm ib nrab tsis tau siv suab paj nruag. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov tub hluas kawm nyob rau tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog, qhov zoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv lawv tau txais yog tib yam. Tab sis cov txiv neej uas ntaus ib qho cuab yeej nco qab cov lus thiab kab lus zoo dua li lawv cov phooj ywg uas tsis yog suab paj nruag.

Ib xyoos tom qab, cov kws sim tau nug tib cov tub hluas kom sim dua. Ntawm 45 tus tswv cuab ntawm lub suab paj nruag, tsuas yog 33 tus neeg txuas ntxiv lawv cov chav kawm. Thiab 17 tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntxiv tuaj kawm suab paj nruag tom qab kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj qhov kev kawm. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg pib tshiab pom cov lus tsis nco qab zoo dua li cov uas tau kawm ntev. Qhov ntawd yog, ntev npaum li koj xyaum ua suab paj nruag, koj lub cim xeeb zoo dua. Rau cov 12 cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau tawm hauv chav kawm, lawv lub peev xwm nco tau tseem nyob rau qib qub - lawv tsis tau txhim kho, tab sis tsis ua rau tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias tus neeg uas tau kawm suab paj nruag thaum muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv tsawg kawg yog ob peb xyoos yuav khaws tau lub cim xeeb zoo rau ntau xyoo.

Kev sim nrog kev pleev xim tau pom tias cov duab kos los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo teb rau hom kev paub tsis meej ntawm kev sib haum xeeb uas tib neeg feem ntau muaj. Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Boston College (USA) Angelina Hawley-Dolan tau txiav txim siab los tshuaj xyuas seb nws puas muaj tseeb tias kev kos duab niaj hnub no yog daub, zoo li menyuam yaus cov ntawv sau lossis kos duab uas tsiaj tsim. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev xav no. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv nws qhov kev sim tau saib ob daim duab kos duab - xws li kev tsim ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo paub daws teeb meem, lossis cov ntawv sau ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua si, cov menyuam yaus, chimpanzees thiab ntxhw - thiab txiav txim siab seb daim duab twg lawv nyiam dua, zoo li ntau "kev kos duab".

Pom zoo, ob peb tus neeg nyob hauv txoj kev paub txog cov duab kos duab ntawm abstractionists "nyob rau hauv tus neeg", yog li kev lees paub dav dav ntawm cov duab kos tsis tau. Thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov neeg koom nrog kev sim, tsuas yog ob feem peb ntawm cov haujlwm tau kos npe - thiab qee cov ntsiav tshuaj kuj tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv cuav. Piv txwv li, kos npe hais tias cov neeg tuaj saib tau saib "creations" ntawm chimpanzees, thaum nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag lawv pom cov paintings ntawm ib tug nto moo artist nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv.

Tab sis lawv ua tsis tau tejyam dag cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb. Cov neeg xav tau cov haujlwm tsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, thiab txawm hais tias tsis raug tso npe kos npe, lawv xaiv lawv li "tiag tiag" paintings. Lawv piav tsis tau qhov laj thawj rau lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab. Nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam, txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv hom kev kos duab paub daws teeb meem, ua raws qee qhov kev nkag siab ntawm kev pom kev sib haum xeeb, uas tau pom los ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg saib.

Tab sis tsis yog lawv dag lawv tus kheej, ntseeg qhov no lossis qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov duab thiab xim zoo meej? Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Mondrian canvases, lub square liab loj yog sib npaug los ntawm ib qho xiav me me ntawm sab nraud. Puas muaj kev sib haum xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no? Cov neeg sim, siv computer graphics, thim rov qab cov squares, thiab daim duab tsis tau tsub kom txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib.

Mondrian cov duab pom tau zoo tshaj plaws yog cov xim sib cais los ntawm cov kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv qhov kev sim tau tsom mus rau qee qhov ntawm cov duab uas zoo li nthuav tawm rau peb lub hlwb. Tab sis thaum lub inverted versions tau muab rau cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, lawv indifferently glanced hla lub canvas. Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tom qab ntsuas qhov kev xav ntawm cov duab zoo li no qis dua qhov kev xav ntawm cov duab qub. Nco ntsoov tias cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij kos duab uas muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm "inverted" painting los ntawm tus thawj, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas nws expressiveness lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv subjective impressions.

Ib qho kev sim zoo sib xws tau ua los ntawm Oshin Vartanyan los ntawm University of Toronto (Canada). Nws tau hloov kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam duab kos duab, los ntawm lub neej tseem ceeb los ntawm Vincent van Gogh mus rau abstractions los ntawm Joan Miró. Tab sis cov neeg koom nrog ib txwm nyiam cov thawj coj zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov masters zoo, lwm cov qauv tau pom tias "zoo li" lub hlwb. Alex Forsyth ntawm University of Liverpool (UK), siv computer duab compression thev naus laus zis, pom tias ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam - los ntawm Manet mus rau Pollock - siv qee theem ntawm kev nthuav dav uas tsis yog dhuav, tab sis tsis dhau ntawm cov neeg saib lub hlwb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob nto moo muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv fractal - motifs uas tau rov ua ntau zaus ntawm qhov sib txawv. Fractals muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm: lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub jagged saum toj ntawm lub roob, nyob rau hauv fern nplooj, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm sab qaum teb fjords.