Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Muaj kev lom zem kom dhau lub sijhawm. Ib hom kev mus ncig ua si, thaum lawv hais tias txhua lub tebchaws, thiab cov neeg ua si tom ntej yuav tsum tau lub npe rau lwm tus ua lub cim xeeb, uas nws ciam teb. Piv txwv li, kuv hais Russia, koj hais Tebchaws Meskas, Kuv hais Canada, thiab koj hais Denmark, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem cob qhia koj lub cim xeeb thiab lub hlwb txav mus thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, ntxiv rau, hnub no yog lub sijhawm, sawv los ntawm kev xav, saib ze ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov npe ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntawm no peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau weirdness.

Cia peb sim, piv txwv li, los daws qhov "zoo thiab txaus ntshai" tim Nkij teb chaws … Contrary to popular kev ntseeg, lub xeev no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no daim ntawv qhia txhua tsis yog 4000 xyoo dhau los, tab sis nruj me ntsis hauv 1830 … yav dhau los lub xeev Greece yeej tsis muaj nyob.

Ua ntej nws tau kos rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, thaj chaw no yog ib feem ntawm Ottoman (Ottoman-Ataman) Empire. Ua ntej ntawd - ib feem ntawm Byzantium (Romei). Txawm tias ua ntej, raws li official version, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Yog tias koj khawb tob heev, ua ntej Rome cov av no tau kav los ntawm Macedonian lub nceeg vaj, cov qub txeeg qub teg uas yog tam sim no Slavic Macedonia. Txawm li ntawd los nws tsis muaj tsawg Slavic. Nws yog los ntawm qhov ntawd uas Alexander lub Great tau yug los. Nyob rau lub sijhawm dhau los, muaj cov microscopic tus kheej lub nroog-xeev (txoj cai).

Txhua yam, tsis muaj qhov twg los khawb ntxiv. Ancient, raws li official qauv, tsuas muaj liab. Qhov tseeb yog, raws li cov pov thawj scientific, lub xeev hu ua tim Nkij teb chaws yeej tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej.

Vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau kos rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab lub npe tuaj qhov twg?

Muaj kev xav tias lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws yug tshiab tau tshwm sim vim tias cov chaw no tau nyob hauv lub sijhawm qub Cov neeg Greek … Thiab cov Greeks, supposedly, passionately xav tau kev ywj pheej. Txhua 4000 xyoo lawv xav tau tas li, thiab tau txais nws, lawv tam sim ntawd hu lawv lub tebchaws tim Nkij teb chaws … Tab sis muaj qhov tsis sib xws - "Greek" lawv tus kheej hu lawv lub tebchaws Hellasthiab kuv tus kheej Hellenes … Thaj, lawv tsis tau txais kev tso cai thaum twg ib tug neeg xav tau tiag tiag los kos tim Nkij teb chaws ntawm daim ntawv qhia nom tswv.

Tab sis cov neeg kawm tau tawv ncauj thiab mob siab rau. Kev saib xyuas ntawm lub mysterious "zoo cartographer" sim zais … Lawv muab rau peb mloog ib tug version txog ib co "Greykah" (nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum ntxov version ntawm lub ancient Greek lus), lub mythological progenitor ntawm lub npe hu ua Greikos (Greek Γραικός). Allegedly, ib zaug ib zaug, cov griks nyob ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb lawv tus kheej, los ntawm ntau cov neeg me uas nyob hauv cov av yav dhau los, tsuas yog 2 lub ntsiab - ionians thiab dorians (zoo ib yam li d ibRiys, ntawm plaub pawg neeg ntawm haiv neeg dawb). Cov neeg Ionian tsis yog noob caj noob ces. Lawv raug cais raws li yav qab teb hom - daim tawv nqaij yog lub teeb, tab sis cov plaub hau yog tsaus. Dorians yog plaub hau ncaj. Tsis muaj grikov ua tsis nyob ntawm lub qab ntug.

Tag nrho cov kev sim no, ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim lawv tseem tsis tau piav qhia txog qhov xav tau ntawm Hellenes xav tau kev ywj pheej uas tsis tau muaj. Lawv kuj tsis piav qhia tias yog vim li cas lub npe tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, uas cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw no tsis nco qab txog ntau txhiab xyoo, yog tias "griiki" tsis yog ib qho kev tsim ntawm cov keeb kwm niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias thaum nws los rau tim Nkij teb chaws ua lub koom pheej Hellenic (raws li lawv hu ua tim Nkij teb chaws niaj hnub no hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe), qhov no tsis hloov qhov teeb meem. Hellasua ib lub teb chaws sovereign, kuj tsis tau tshwm sim.

Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias nws yog dav paub los ntawm cov ntawv medieval Lus Greek … Thiab nrog nws, ib yam nkaus, txhua yam tsis yooj yim. Nruab nrab ntawm cov lus "Greek" ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab qhov uas tau hais niaj hnub no hauv tebchaws Greece, tag nrho aub.

Thaum xub thawj, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, muaj qhov tseeb ancient Greek lus los ntawm 2000 BC 5 xyoo pua AD Cov lus no tau ploj mus lawm. Allegedly, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm nws, ntau dialects tshwm, uas nws thiaj li los ua ywj siab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ntseeg tau tias cov lus tuag no los ntawm lub xyoo pua 6 AD tsuas yog siv hauv qee lub voj voog ntawm Byzantium, ob qho tib si kev sau ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txawm li ntawd los, feem ntau ntawm Hellenes tsis tuaj yeem yuam kom hais lus "Greek" no. Lub sijhawm no, raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, tau kav mus txog rau xyoo pua 16th (1000 xyoo), thiab cov lus "Greek" niaj hnub no tau raug xaiv los ua. "Middle Greek" … Rau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los cov Greeks yeej tsis hais nws li.

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais raws nraim li cas no Middle Greek lus yog Ameslikas. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tab tom kawm nws cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntawv luam thiab cov ntawv txhais tom qab. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Vaj Keeb Kwm ntawm Mala thiab Theophanes. Tau kawg, tsis muaj qhov qub.

Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Byzantium, thaum lub sij hawm txoj cai ntawm lub Ottoman Empire, tsis muaj kev hloov tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Hellas. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab thaj chaw no tau txais kev ywj pheej hauv xyoo 1830, cov txheej txheem nquag pib. yuam cai cov pej xeem hauv zos muaj cai tshwj xeeb hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Rau cov neeg ntawm Hellenes, uas tsis tau pib hais lus Middle Greek, xav kom Mus rau "Kafarevusu".

Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej hais lus ntawm Hellenes "dimotics", nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm archaic kab lus coj los ntawm tsis ntseeg heev txhais lus thiab luam ntawm medieval Greek ntawv. Feem ntau, nws yog ib qho kev tsim, zoo ib yam li Ukrainian MOV.

Cov neeg pluag Hellenes tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau tawg lawv cov lus rau lwm 150 xyoo. Thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1976 lawv tau tso caiThaum kawg, hais lus thiab sau ntawv raws li qhov uas lawv tau siv los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tam sim no lub jumble ntawm hom lus no yog hu ua cov lus Greek niaj hnub. Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm cov lus Ukrainian thiab Greek kafarevusa yog qhov zoo heev uas tom qab cov xwm txheej no pom. ib qho scenario … Tus kws sau ntawv, tau kawg, kuj yog ib qho.

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, qhov no yog tag tsis muaj tseeb. Vim li cas rape ntau lab tus tib neeg, yuam kom lawv hais lus tsis paub thiab kab lus?

Yog li cas Ukraine ntau los yog tsawg dua meej - lawv xav tau faib ib leeg nrog kev pab ntawm lus raws li ib tug bearer ntawm kab lis kev cai. Tab sis cov Hellenes tsis muab faib, lawv tsuas yog hloov cov lus. Muaj ib qho tseeb ntxiv: "Great Cartographer" tsis yog tsuas yog tsim lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj nyob. Tsis tsuas yog muab nws lub npe, uas keeb kwm tsis lo ntawm no, tab sis kuj xav kom cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no (txhua yam tsis yog Greek) hais raws nraim hauv Greek, tib yamcov ntawv qub sau li cas.

Rau cov neeg uas tab tom hloov lub ntiaj teb no, muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim lub xeev "Greece". Cov lus Greek nws tus kheej paub, uas tau hais ntau zaus hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, tsis yog Latin. Qhov tseeb no nyuaj rau nkaum. Yuav tsum tau qhia kom meej. Yuav ua li cas yog - muaj lus Greek, tab sis Greek tsis yog? Rau qhov no, nws xav tau ntawm daim ntawv qhia.

Muaj lwm yam laj thawj … Nws yog tseeb hais tias Greek yog ib hom lus tshwj xeeb, vim hais tias kev tshawb fawb thiab paj huam, siv nws, paub meej tias cov kab lis kev cai siab ntawm nws cov neeg tsim thiab cov neeg hais lus. Qhov no tsis yog lus ntawm cov neeg yug yaj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov cim ntawm kev tsim kev vam meej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ruins ntawm cov nroog thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean. Lawv yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau ib tug neegTab sis tsis yog rau Rus. Yuav khi tag nrho ua ke, zam qhov tseeb, tsim dab neeg hais txog Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Greeks - tus tsim ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj kab lis kev cai. Thiab yog li ntawd peb tsis txhob ua xyem xyav no version ntawm yav dhau los, lawv dig muag peb, zoo li ib qho khoom pov thawj, tim Nkij teb chaws tshiab. Txhua leej txhua tus yog nplawm lawv lub qhov ntswg: qhov no yog tim Nkij teb chaws, cov no yog cov seem ntawm nws cov kab lis kev cai zoo, cov no yog Greeks, cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg loj.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsab ntawv "G" tau nyeem ob txoj hauv kev: raws li " G"Thiab ua li cas" F". Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias lo lus GREECE yuav tsum tau nyeem raws li " Cov pov thawj". Nws tuaj yeem nyeem, hnov thiab nkag siab heev hauv Lavxias, thiab kuv pom zoo nrog lawv. Thiab cov ntawv Latin "graeca lingua" (Greek) yuav tsum tau nyeem ua "cov lus ntawm cov pov thawj" lossis "Pristly lus" … Qhov kev nyeem no tshem tawm tag nrho cov absurdities thiab inconsistencies. Pov thawj Greek yuav tsum tsis txhob suav hais tias yog hom lus ntawm cov neeg Mediterranean.

Ua ntej, nws yog tam sim no meej vim li cas lawv tsis xav nyeem kom raug. Cov neeg uas kos duab virtual ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau txhua tus nkag siab tias lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tsim ntawm Mediterranean yog lus Russian … Pov thawj yog ib lo lus Lavxias nkaus xwb.

Thib ob, qhov xwm txheej tau qhia meej nyob rau hauv uas nws yog cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab poetic uas tau sau ua lus pov thawj. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov pov thawj.

Thib peb, nws paub tseeb tias yog vim li cas cov lus pov thawj ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv tsis tau siv dav hauv cov cheeb tsam no, txawm hais tias nws tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua (raws li qhov xav tias tuag) los ntawm ib pawg neeg hauv zej zog. Cov strata ntawm haiv neeg yuav nyiam dua rusthiab lwm cov pejxeem tuaj yeem sib xyaw. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov pej xeem kuj yog raws li cov Russians, cov lus hais yog tib yam, tab sis cov lus sau (pov thawj) yuav txawv me ntsis, piv txwv li, txhawm rau khaws kev paub los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov chaw ntawm Latin nyob rau hauv Western kab lis kev cai yog to taub nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li txoj kev.

Nws tag nrho haum ua ke.

Tam sim no peb cuam tshuam li cas rau lub tebchaws Greece zoo? Xav, nrog kev khuv leej, raws li ib tug neeg quab yuam hnav ris tsho sausage costume thiab xa mus rau lub khw muag khoom kom rub cov neeg yuav khoom …