Fake Troy Schliemann

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Heinrich Schliemann uas unearthed ancient Troy tseem yog lwm qhov dag. Tom qab pib nws cov kev dag ntxias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, nws tsiv mus rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab tig ib tug swindle nrog ib tug fake nrhiav Homeric Troy. Tom qab ntawd nws txawm xav rov qab mus rau Russia, tab sis Alexander II teb tias: "Cia nws los, peb yuav dai nws!"

Heinrich Schliemann tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1890. Lub legendary swindler thiab archaeologist excavated Troy - nws yog ze rau Russia. Nws capitalized ntawm abolition of serfdom thiab Crimean Tsov rog, tau sib yuav rau ib tug Lavxias teb sab thiab txawm hloov nws lub npe, hu nws tus kheej Andrey.

Lavxias teb sab expat

Heinrich Schliemann lub peev xwm thiab kev mob siab rau cov lus tau zoo heev. Rau peb xyoos, piv txwv li, nws tau kawm Dutch, Fabkis, Lus Askiv, Italian thiab Portuguese yam tsis muaj kws qhia ntawv. Thaum Schliemann tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm B. G. Schroeder, nws pib kawm Lavxias thiab. Tsis pub dhau ib hlis thiab ib nrab, nws tau sau ntawv ua lag luam rau Russia - thiab lawv tau nkag siab. Lub tuam txhab xaiv Heinrich ua nws tus neeg muag khoom thiab xa tus neeg ua haujlwm cog lus no mus rau St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1846, Schliemann yog 24 xyoo thiab nws mus rau Russia. Qhov no yog li cas nws txoj haujlwm ua lag luam pib.

Txiv neej tub kawm

Heinrich Schliemann tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim hauv cov teeb meem, thiab nws siv nws hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev paub lus Lavxias. Thaum kawm cov qauv sau ntawv, nws yuav tsum xyaum hais lus thiab hais lus thiab txiav txim siab ntiav cov kws qhia rau nws tus kheej. Ntawm chav kawm, haiv neeg hais, uas yog, Russians. Tab sis yog leej twg? Schliemann ntiav nws tus kheej ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb Lavxias, ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tsis nkag siab tias yog vim li cas tus tswv thiaj muab nyiaj rau nws, yog tias nws tsuas zaum hauv lub tsheb nrog nws thiab mloog nws nyeem lossis tham txog cov ntawv nws tau hnov. Schliemann txoj kev lag luam tau mus zoo, thiab feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau taug kev raws txoj kev ntev Lavxias. Ntawm txoj kev xws li niaj hnub Muscovites hauv metro, Schliemann tsis nkim sijhawm, tab sis kawm cov lus.

Kev ua pej xeem Lavxias

Tom qab kawm hais lus Lavxias, Schliemann tau ua pej xeem Lavxias hauv xyoo 1847. Thiab nws lub npe "ua Russified" - tam sim no nws tau los ua Andrei Aristovich. Kev ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab uas nws pib tsis txaus rau nws, thiab nws tau teeb tsa kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb nrog cov neeg sawv cev hauv tebchaws Russia, Askiv, Fabkis thiab Holland. Raws li ib tug neeg ua lag luam, Andrei Aristovich Schliemann tau nto moo sai heev, rau ib lub sij hawm nws tau los ua ib tug neeg nto moo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab zej zog thiab txawm tau txais lub npe ntawm ib tug muaj koob muaj npe pej xeem keeb kwm. Zoo, nws hu ua Russia "Kuv tus hlub Russia" - thiab qhov ntawd yog tib txoj kev.

Lavxias poj niam

5 xyoos tom qab tau txais kev ua pej xeem Lavxias, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, 1852, Andrei-Heinrich Schliemann tau sib yuav ib tug ntxhais 18-xyoo-laus Lavxias teb sab Catherine, tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws lij choj St. Los ntawm kev sib yuav no lawv muaj peb tug me nyuam - nrog rau cov npe Lavxias: Natalya, Nadezhda thiab Sergei. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug, Schliemann yog ib tug tub lag luam Lavxias teb sab thawj guild, keeb kwm kev hwm pej xeem, tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug ntawm St. Qhov ntawd yog, nws txoj hauj lwm siab heev, thiab nws lub xeev kuj zoo heev. Thiab mam li nco dheev Schliemann teeb nrog lub tswv yim ntawm excavating Troy, tawm hauv nws tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam, yuav siv sij hawm nrog nws 2,7 lab rubles (tus nqi ntawm ib tug me me xeev nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa los yog South America) thiab tawm mus excavations. Qhov no yog qhov sib piv, raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm qee cov neeg sau xov xwm, nrog Potanin lossis Abramovich, uas tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab los ua archaeologists thiab nrhiav cov kub ntawm Atlantis.

Russia tsov rog

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tub rog kev sib tw xyoo 1853, Schliemann yog cov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom lag luam rau cov tub rog, los ntawm khau khiab mus rau nees harnesses. Nws yog ib tug monopolist nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov indigo xim nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab xiav nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog cov xim ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog khaub ncaws. Ntawm no, Schliemann tsim kev lag luam ua tiav, nrhiav kom tau txais daim ntawv cog lus rau cov tub rog Lavxias thiab teeb tsa tus nqi siab rau nws cov khoom thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis nws txoj kev lag luam yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: nws xa mus rau pem hauv ntej khau boots nrog cov duab los qhia, cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub tsis zoo, cov hlua khi sagging nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm mos txwv, dej flasks, siv tsis zoo rau nees … Kev ua tsov ua rog, tab sis nws cov machinations thiab kev dag ntxias tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom.

Muag ntawv Lavxias rau cov neeg Lavxias

Ntseeg nws los tsis, Schliemann txawm koom nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ua phem hauv Russia. Thaum, nyob rau hauv 1861, lub tsarist tsoom fwv tab tom npaj coj mus rau lub mloog ntawm cov pej xeem lub manifesto ntawm abolition ntawm serfdom, cov tub ceev xwm tau mus tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj loj. Nws yuav zoo li, hom kev lag luam twg tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qhov no? Tab sis cov neeg ua lag luam Heinrich Schliemann tau kawm txog tsoomfwv cov phiaj xwm ua ntej thiab pib sai sai yuav cov ntawv khaws cia hauv lub tebchaws. Nws tswj tau yuav ntau heev. Nws tau ua qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, txhawm rau muag tib daim ntawv ntawm tus nqi ob zaug, thaum lub sijhawm los luam cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Thiab tsoomfwv Lavxias tau yuav daim ntawv Lavxias los ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe Lavxias teb sab Andrei Schliemann.

Ua tsis tiav rov qab mus rau Russia

Lawm, Schliemann lub siab tawv thiab unprincipled lag luam, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws ua thaum lub sij hawm lub Crimean tsov rog, tsis mus unnoticed los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab tau pom tias undermining cov tub rog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm Russia. Nws yog amazing tias tus txiv neej ntse tshaj no tsis suav nws qhov kev pheej hmoo. Ntau xyoo tom qab, Heinrich Schliemann yuav tsis ncaj ncees txiav txim siab los koom nrog lwm tus ntawm nws cov tswv yim lag luam ntsig txog Russia, thiab yuav tig mus rau Alexander II nrog kev thov kom tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws. Tus huab tais mam li hais nws cov lus teb nto moo-kev daws teeb meem: "Cia nws los, peb yuav dai!" Nws zoo nkaus li tias cov kab lus Lavxias ntawm Schliemann xaus nrog cov lus no.

Nrhiav Troy

Muaj "poob" "Ancient Troy" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub XVI-XVII centuries, historians ntawm lub kaum yim xyoo pua pib mus nrhiav nws dua. Nws tshwm sim li ntawd. Archaeologist Ellie Krish, tus sau phau ntawv Treasures of Troy thiab Lawv Keeb Kwm, hais tias:

Tom qab ntawd, ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Fab Kis tus neeg sawv cev hauv Constantinople, ib tus neeg Fab Kis Fab Kis, Shuazel - Gufier, tau ua ntau txoj kev taug kev mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob Anatolia (1785) thiab luam tawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw no, HUAB TAIS LUB SIJ HAWM FLASHED. Raws li cov Fabkis, lub nroog ntawm Priama yuav tsum nyob ze Pynarbashi, txog kaum kilometers nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub materik los ntawm lub Gissarlyk toj; lub tom kawg tau cim rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia kos los ntawm Shuazel - Gufier, raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub RUINS.

Yog li qhov kev xav tias qee qhov ruins ze Gissarlyk yog "Ancient Troy" tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntev ua ntej G. Schliemann los ntawm Fabkis tus txiv neej Shuazel - Gufier.

Ntxiv rau, ntau dua

nyob rau hauv 1822 McClaren … thov hais tias lub toj ntawm Hisarlik yog ancient Troy … Raws li qhov no, tus Englishman thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub American consul Frank Calvert, uas nws tsev neeg nyob nrog cov Dardanelles, sim ntxias Sir Charles ntawm Newtonian. sau nyob rau hauv London, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej British, npaj ib qho kev ntoj ke mus kawm hauv 1863 txhawm rau khawb cov ruins ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk.

Sam G. Schliemann tau sau cov lus hauv qab no.

Tom qab kuv ob zaug tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov cheeb tsam, kuv pom zoo tag nrho nrog CALVERT tias lub toj siab, crowning lub toj ntawm Hisarlik, yog qhov chaw uas ancient Troy nyob.

Ellie Krish sau:

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, Schliemann tau hais ncaj qha rau ntawm no rau Frank Calvert, uas tsis sib haum xeeb WIDE DISTRIBUTED MYTH txog Schliemann, uas tau liam tias pom Troy, tuav Homer ntawm tes thiab tso siab rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Iliad nkaus xwb. Tsis yog Schliemann, tab sis Kalvert, yog tias nws tsis nrhiav pom, txawm li cas los xij, tau hais kom ntseeg siab heev rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov phab ntsa pob zeb nthuav tawm hauv qhov chaw uas Troy yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas hauv toj Gissarlyk. Schliemann, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav tsum tau khawb lub toj no thiab nrhiav tau cov pov thawj tseem ceeb rau lub neej ntawm lub nroog, uas yav tas los suav hais tias tsuas yog lus dab neeg xwb.

Cia peb nug peb tus kheej ib lo lus nug: vim li cas lawv thiaj pib nrhiav "Homeric Troy" hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb no? Lub ntsiab lus, pom tseeb, yog tias tseem muaj kev nco tsis meej txog qhov chaw ntawm Troy qhov chaw "hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Bosphorus strait." Tab sis cov keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tsis tuaj yeem taw qhia ncaj qha mus rau Bosphorus New Rome, uas yog, rau Tsar-Grad. Txij li thaum lub fact tias Tsar-Grad yog lub "ntev" Troy yog los ntawm lub sij hawm ruaj tsis nco qab lawm. Ntxiv mus, thaum ntxov li xyoo pua 17th, Scaligerian keeb kwm "thov" txawm xav tias Istanbul yog "Troy of Homer". Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam ntawm cov pov thawj medieval tsis ncaj ncees tseem nyob, uas zoo siab dim kev puas tsuaj, ua rau lub tswv yim tias "antique" Troy yog "qhov chaw ntawm no, ze ntawm Bosphorus." Yog li ntawd, historians thiab enthusiasts pib nrhiav rau lub "poob Troy", feem ntau, tsis deb ntawm Istanbul.

Qaib ntxhw yog densely dotted nrog ruins ntawm medieval settlements, tub rog fortifications, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd nws tsis yog ib qho nyuaj rau "siv tsim ruins" thiaj li yuav tshaj tawm lawv cov seem ntawm Homeric Troy. Raws li peb pom, cov ruins ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk tau suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Tab sis ob qho tib si historians thiab archaeologists tau nkag siab zoo tias txhua yam yuav tsum tau khawb tawm hauv av tsawg kawg yog qee yam "kev lees paub" tias qhov no yog "Troy Homer". Nrhiav tsawg kawg ib yam dab tsi! Qhov "ua haujlwm" no tau ua tiav los ntawm G. Schliemann. Nws pib excavations ntawm lub roob Gissarlik.

Lub ruins tso tawm los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no qhia tau hais tias yeej muaj ib co kev sib hais haum nrog rau qhov loj ntawm txhua yam - tsuas yog hais txog 120X120 meters. Txoj kev npaj ntawm lub fortress me me yog qhia hauv qab no.

Tau kawg, tsis muaj dab tsi "Homeric" ntawm no. Xws li rascals nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv tau ntsib txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev. Pom tau tias, G. Schliemann nkag siab tias yuav tsum muaj ib yam dab tsi txawv tshaj plaw los ua rau pej xeem nyiam rau cov seem me me no. Feem ntau yuav, muaj qee yam me me Ottoman medieval tub rog fortification, kev sib hais haum. Raws li peb tau pom, Frank Calvert tau ntev txij li pib hais tias "antique" Troy nyob "qhov chaw ntawm no." Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tau mloog nws cov lus. Uas yog to taub: muaj me ntsis ravages nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv! Yuav tsum tau "irrefutable pov thawj." Thiab tom qab ntawd G. Schliemann nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1873 "poob siab pom" ib qho khoom muaj nqis kub, tam sim ntawd nrov nrov los ntawm nws "cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Priam thaum ub". Qhov ntawd yog, "Priam heev" uas tus poj Homer piav qhia. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom kub no taug kev los ntawm ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb raws li cov lus dab neeg "cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Troy thaum ub".

Nov yog qhov Ellie Crete sau txog qhov no:

Heinrich Schliemann … pom nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1873 nyob ze ntawm lub rooj vag Skeian (raws li nws yuam kev tias lawv yog) ib qho khoom muaj nqis zoo kawg nkaus … uas yog, raws li nws txoj kev ntseeg, tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Homeric huab tais Prim. Schliemann thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau lees paub tag nrho tam sim ntawd. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj ob peb tus neeg tsis ntseeg siab uas tsis ntseeg txog nws qhov kev pom. Txawm tias niaj hnub no, qee cov kws tshawb fawb, feem ntau yog Asmeskas tus kws tshaj lij hauv antique philology D.-A. Trail, sib cav hais tias zaj dab neeg nrog cov khoom muaj nqis yog INvented: SCHLIMAN ob leeg tau sau tag nrho cov khoom no nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev lub sij hawm los yog yuav ib tug ntau ntawm lawv rau nyiaj. Qhov tsis ntseeg yog txhua yam muaj zog vim tias Schliemann tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm hnub kawg ntawm kev tshawb pom cov khoom muaj nqis.

Tseeb tiag, G. Schliemann rau qee qhov laj thawj UTAIL cov ntaub ntawv qhov twg, thaum twg thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej twg nws nrhiav tau "cov khoom muaj nqis qub txeeg qub teg". Nws hloov tawm tias "cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom tau ua tiav lawm tom qab."

Tsis tas li ntawd, G. Schliemann rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis kam lees lub npe hnub kawg ntawm nws "kev tshawb pom". Ellie Krish ceeb toom:

Nyob rau hauv Athens, thaum kawg nws tau sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshaj plaws ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom txog tam sim no, hnub ntawm qhov xwm txheej no tau hloov pauv ntau zaus thiab tseem tsis tau paub meej.

Taw tes rau ntau qhov kev coj txawv txawv nyob ib puag ncig Schlilgan "kev tshawb pom", ntau tus neeg thuam, suav nrog D. - A. Trail, tshaj tawm tias "tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm clade los ua RUDE Fiction".

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ntawm no hais tias archaeologist Ellie Krish tsis qhia txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov skeptics. Txawm li cas los xij, Ellie Krish raug yuam kom sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab zais rau lub sijhawm. Thiab lawv ua tsis tau tejyam zais nws vim muaj ntau dhau lawm, thiab lawv li los yog lwm yam muab tso rau nyob rau hauv loj tsis ntseeg lub veracity ntawm G. Schliemann lub version, txawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm nws admirers.

Nws hloov tawm tias txawm qhov chaw uas G. Schliemann "pom cov khoom muaj nqis" tsis paub. Ellie Krish raug sau tseg tias

cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib tham ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis yog qhov chaw NTAWM nws nrhiav. Tab sis SCHLIMANN ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv tau piav qhia nws txawv.

Raws li G. Schliemann sib cav, thaum lub sijhawm "zoo siab nrhiav" tsuas yog nws tus poj niam Sophia nyob ib sab ntawm nws. Tsis muaj leej twg pom qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas G. Schliemann nrhiav tau "antique kub". Hais txog Ellie Krish tus npau suav:

Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, Kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov tseeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom cov khoom muaj nqis tshwm sim vim Schliemann tso siab rau cov lus tim khawv ntawm nws tus poj niam Sophia thiab ntseeg tias nws tau tshwm sim NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM … "nrhiav" -) Sophia, tej zaum, tsis yog nyob rau hauv Troy tag nrho … Indisputable pov thawj, txawm Sophia nyob rau hauv Troy los yog nyob rau hauv Athens hnub ntawd, xyaum tsis muaj nyob. Txawm li cas los xij … Schliemann nws tus kheej lees txim hauv tsab ntawv xa mus rau Newton, tus thawj coj ntawm Antique sau ntawm British Tsev khaws puav pheej, SOPHIA TSIS TAU HAUV 3 LUB SIJ HAWM: "… Mrs. Schliemann tau tso kuv tseg thaum pib lub Tsib Hlis. Clade tau pom. vim kuv xav ua txhua yam ntawm nws; ib tug kws tshawb fawb, kuv tau sau rau hauv kuv phau ntawv tias nws nyob ze kuv thiab pab kuv nrhiav cov khoom muaj nqis."

Cov kev ua xyem xyav yog qhov hnyav dua thaum peb pom tias G. Schliemann, nws hloov tawm, muaj qee qhov kev sib tham tsis meej nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, caw lawv los ua cov ntawv foob uas raug liam tias pom kub "antique" decorations. Nws tau piav qhia nws txoj kev ntshaw los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws xav kom muaj "duplicates" nyob rau hauv rooj plaub, raws li G. Schliemann tau sau, "Tsoomfwv Turkish pib txheej txheem thiab xav tau ib nrab ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis."

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev pom ntawm txhua qhov tsaus ntuj nyob ib puag ncig Schliemann "kev ua si" hauv 1873, nws tsis meej meej tias Schliemann tau ua cov kev sib tham no nrog cov jewelers TAM SIM NO "Nrhiav cov khoom muaj nqis" lossis ua ntej nws. Yuav ua li cas yog cov cim ntawm nws kev sib tham ntawm PRODUCTION ntawm "Priam clade" ua ntej lub sij hawm thaum nws ib leeg "pom lub clade" ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk mus txog peb?

G. Schliemann tau sau tej yam txaus siab heev:

Ib tug jeweler yuav tsum tau paub zoo nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thiab nws yuav tsum tau cog lus tias yuav tsis muab nws cov cim rau cov ntawv luam. YUAV TSUM TAU xaiv ib tus neeg uas yuav tsis ntxeev siab rau kuv thiab coj tus nqi txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, H. Schliemann tus neeg sawv cev, Boren, raws li Ellie Krish sau,

tsis xav coj nws tus kheej ib lub luag hauj lwm rau ib tug Doubtful CASE. Nws (Boren -) sau hais tias: "Nws yuav to taub nws tus kheej tias MADE COPIES YUAV TSIS PUB RAU ORIGINALS IN NO EVENT."

Txawm li cas los xij, nws hloov tawm tias Boren

pom zoo rau Schliemann lub tuam txhab From thiab Möry ntawm rue Saint-Honoré (hauv Paris -). Nws hais tias nws yog tsev neeg ua lag luam, nrog lub koob npe nrov txij li xyoo pua 18th thiab ntiav ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws ua haujlwm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th "hnav ANTIQUE JEWELRY tau ua fashionable nyob rau hauv tej lub voj voog. Yog li, Ntxhais fuabtais Canino, tus poj niam ntawm Lucien Bonaparte, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no hnav ib tug ETRUSIAN saw caj dab, uas ua rau nws lub undisputed centre ntawm lub hnub so txais tos. Yog li ntawd Parisian jewelers tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim thiab ua haujlwm "rau qub txeeg qub teg". Peb yuav tsum xav tias lawv ua tau zoo.

Ellie Krish, tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov tseeb ntawm "Priam clade", sau tseg tias nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev lees paub tseeb tias G. Schliemann tiag tiag ua "cov ntawv luam". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ellie Krish tau hais meej cov lus hauv qab no:

Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus xaiv hais txog cov ntawv luam uas Schliemann tau liam tias tau xaj tsis tau dhau los ntawm NO.

Ellie Krish hais txog:

Ib co ambiguities thiab contradictions nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam piav qhia ntawm no discovery, LUB TSEEM CEEB TSHAJ PLAWS NTAWM LUB TSEV KAWM NTAWV TSEEM CEEB, prompted skeptics kom tsis ntseeg lub AUTHORITY NTAWM NTAWV … Ib tug egocentric, impudent phantazer thiab PATHOLOGICAL LIAR, Collegiate, lub npe University of M..

Incidentally, nws ntseeg hais tias G. Schliemann nrhiav tau lwm qhov zoo kawg nkaus "ncaj ncees" faus, uas yog nyob rau hauv Mycenae. Nws tsuas yog qias neeg li cas nws tau "muaj hmoo rau cov khoom qub qub." Hauv Mycenae, nws "pom" lub npog ntsej muag kub, uas nws tau tshaj tawm nrov nrov lub npog ntsej muag ntawm "thaum ub Homeric Agamemnon". Tsis muaj pov thawj. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no historians neatly sau raws li nram no:

Heinrich Schliemann ntseeg tias daim npog ntsej muag pom hauv ib lub qhov ntxa hauv Mycenae yog tsim los ntawm huab tais Agamemnon lub ntsej muag; Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd nws tau ua pov thawj tias nws tau koom nrog lwm tus kav, uas peb tsis paub.

Kuv xav li cas cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los "ua pov thawj" tias UNKNOWN lub npog ntsej muag yog los ntawm UNKNOWN tus thawj coj, lawv lub npe tsis paub?

Yog li, rov qab mus rau Troy, peb tuaj yeem hais cov hauv qab no. Los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, ib daim duab xav tawm tuaj:

1) G. Schliemann tsis tau qhia qhov chaw, hnub tim thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm "kev tshawb pom ntawm Priam clade", qhia txog qhov tsis meej pem rau lo lus nug no. G. Schliemann tsis tau nthuav tawm cov pov thawj uas ntseeg tau tias nws nrhiav tau "Homeric Troy". Thiab cov kws sau keeb kwm Scaligerian tsis xav kom lawv los ntawm nws.

2) Muaj cov laj thawj ua rau xav tsis thoob G. Schliemann tias nws tsuas yog xaj qee cov jewelers los ua "antique gold jewels". Ntawm no nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias G. Schliemann yog ib tug txiv neej nplua nuj heev. Piv txwv li, kev tsim kho lub tsev ntawm German Archaeological Institute hauv Athens, tshwj xeeb, tau txais nyiaj txiag los ntawm Schliemann.

Ellie Crete sau:

Nws tus kheej muaj hmoo - feem ntau tsev tsev nyob hauv Indianapolis (Indiana) thiab hauv Paris … - yog lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj kev ywj pheej.

Nws tsis suav nrog tias G. Schliemann coj cov khoom muaj nqis rau Qaib Cov Txwv thiab tshaj tawm tias nws tau "pom" lawv nyob rau hauv lub ravages ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk. Ntawd yog, raws nraim hauv qhov chaw uas twb dhau los ua ntej me ntsis qee cov neeg nyiam "tso lub antique Troy". Peb pom tias G. Schliemann tsis txawm thab nrhiav Troy. Nws tsuas yog "JUSTIFIED" NROG KEV PAB CUAM NTAWM GOLD qhov kev xav yav dhau los ntawm Shuazel - Gufier thiab Frank Calvert. Nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, yog hais tias lawv tau tis npe rau lwm qhov chaw, G. Schliemann yuav nrhiav tau tib "Priam clade" ib yam nkaus thiab sai sai.

4) Ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg rov qab rau xyoo 19th tsis ntseeg ib lo lus ntawm nws. Tab sis Scaligerian keeb kwm feem ntau txaus siab. Thaum kawg, lawv hais nyob rau hauv chorus, lawv tswj kom nrhiav tau lub legendary Troy. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee qhov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg tau txuas nrog "cov khoom muaj nqis kub", tab sis lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom zoo ntawm H. Schliemann. Tam sim no peb paub tseeb: ntawm no, ntawm lub roob Hissarlik, King Priam nyob.

Saib, qhov no yog sab ntawm lub roob uas tus yawm Achilles swb Hector. Thiab muaj ib tug nees Trojan. Muaj tseeb, nws tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob, tab sis ntawm no yog nws cov qauv ntoo niaj hnub loj. Heev - heev tseeb. Thiab ntawm no cov tuag Achilles poob.

Saib, muaj ib tug imprint ntawm nws lub cev.

Peb yuav tsum lees paub tias ntau txhiab thiab ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tsis txaus ntseeg ua siab zoo mloog txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab niaj hnub no.

5) Scaligerian keeb kwm txiav txim siab ua qhov no nrog "Priam clade". Nws yuav tsis raug lees paub tias qhov no yog qhov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Homer's Priam. Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov lus hais hnyav, ib lo lus nug ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg tau raug tsa tam sim: qhov no paub li cas? Muaj pov thawj dab tsi?

Muaj, tau kawg, tsis muaj dab tsi los teb. Thaj, qhov no tau zoo kawg nkaus to taub los ntawm txhua tus neeg, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov, cov neeg koom nrog "Shliman's Troy". Ntawm kev xav, peb tuaj nrog txoj kev zoo nkauj heev tawm. Lawv hais li ntawd. Yog, qhov no tsis yog Prima clade. Tab sis nws muaj ntau yam qub dua li Schliemann nws tus kheej xav.

Ellie Krish qhia cov hauv qab no:

Tsuas yog cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav tom qab kev tuag ntawm Schliemann TAM SIM NO YUAV TSUM PAUB tias lub npe hu ua "Priam clade" yog nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm ANCIENT ntau dua li Schliemann ntseeg, mus rau III xyoo txhiab BC. e. … Nws yog kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg ntawm BEGGIN thiab DOCHETIAN lub sijhawm.

Zoo li, ib tug heev - heev ancient clade. Muaj koob muaj npe antiquity. Tseem tsis tau muaj Greeks lossis Hittites. Tom qab cov lus no, tsis muaj dab tsi los ua pov thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav nthuav kom hnov cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm "kev qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Shliman clade" hnub no ob peb yam khoom kub, hais txog qhov twg txawm tias qhov chaw ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk tsis paub, los ntawm qhov twg G. Schliman liam tias rho tawm lawv (saib saum toj no). Thiab rau cov kub nws tus kheej, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev sib tham meej ntawm cov khoom.

6) Thiab yuav ua li cas yog tias G. Schliemann tsis dag peb thiab tiag tiag pom qee cov nyiaj kub kub thaum khawb hauv Gissarlyk? Rau qhov no peb yuav hais hauv qab no. Txawm hais tias "golden cov khoom muaj nqis" yog qhov tseeb, thiab tsis tau ua los ntawm Parisian jewelers sly, txhua yam yuav sib npaug ntawm kev nkag siab tsis meej, vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau suav tias yog ib qho pov thawj tias "thaum ub Troy" nyob rau ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk? Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj ib tsab ntawv ntawm cov khoom kub "poob" los ntawm G. Schliemann. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj npe. Los ntawm ib lo lus ntawm qhov ncauj hais tias ib tug neeg, leej twg paub qhov twg thiab leej twg paub thaum twg, pom ib co "kub qub", nws tsis yog tsim nyog los xaus lus tias "lub legendary Troy tau pom."

7) Hauv kev xaus, peb nco txog lub sijhawm xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws. Tag nrho cov dab neeg zoo kawg no ntawm "kev tshawb pom ntawm Troy" vividly qhia tau hais tias qhov tseeb tsis yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm "kev tshawb pom", lossis lawv cov npoj yaig, yog li los yog lwm yam koom nrog hauv qhov kev ua phem no, qhov tseeb kev tshawb fawb zoo li tsis txaus siab. Keeb kwm thiab archaeologists ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Scaligerian twb tau mob siab rau hais tias lub "poob Troy" nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw tsis deb ntawm lub Bosphorus: Lawv sib cav, thaj, ib yam dab tsi zoo li no. Thaum kawg, nws puas tseem ceeb nws nyob qhov twg. Ntawm no G. Schliemann tau hais kom txiav txim siab tias Troy nyob ntawm Gissarlyk toj. Txawm li ntawd los, lawv hais tias, lawv pom ib yam khoom muaj nqis kub nyob ntawd. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee cov lus xaiv tsis txaus siab yog swarming nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws puas tsim nyog delving rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no. Wb pom zoo nrog Schliemann tias Troy yeej yog qhov nws hais. Nws yog ib tug neeg nto moo, hwm, nplua nuj. Qhov chaw yog lawm. Tseeb tiag, ib co qub rascals. Puas tsim nyog nrhiav kev txhaum thiab xav tau qee yam ntawm "pov thawj". Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog Troy, ces txhua tus sib npaug nws nyob qhov twg ntawm no.

8) Tom qab ib ntus, thaum cov neeg tsis ntseeg tau nkees ntawm kev taw qhia qhov tsis sib xws hauv "kev tshawb pom ntawm Troy", thaum kawg ntawm "kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb" tau pib. Excavations txuas ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj zog thiab tuab "hais txog Troy" tau tshwm sim thiab pib luam tawm tsis tu ncua. Ntau cov ntawv tau tshwm sim. Tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm "Homeric Troy" ntawm lub roob Gissarlyk, tau kawg, peb tsis tau pom dua. Lawv cia li maj mam khawb qee qhov zoo tib yam medieval Ottoman fortification. Nyob rau hauv uas, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib co shards, remnants ntawm artifacts, riam phom. Tab sis raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus hais tias "Troy nyob ntawm no", kev lig kev cai tau tsim thaum kawg, zoo li "Troy nyob ntawm no tiag." Ntseeg lawv tus kheej thiab "piav qhia rau pej xeem." Gullible neeg ncig teb chaw poured rau hauv lub ncej. Ua li no, ib qho teeb meem ntxiv ntawm Scaligerian keeb kwm tau "ua tiav tiav".

Fragment ntawm phau ntawv los ntawm AT Fomenko "Lub Trojan Tsov rog nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov lus teb rau peb kev tshawb fawb"