Teotiukan - lub nroog ntawm ancient mysteries

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub nroog Teotihuacan muaj nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Mev tam sim no Mexico City los ntawm lub xyoo pua 2 BC mus rau xyoo pua 7 AD. Tsis zoo li lwm lub nroog Central American niaj hnub nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tsev, hauv Teotihuacan lawv tau tsom mus rau plaub-kilometer hauv nruab nrab txoj kev loj 400 meters dav, paved nrog cov pob zeb loj loj.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau tsis xav txog Teotihuacan lub nroog nyob rau hauv cov lus pom zoo ntawm lo lus. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm discoveries ua thaum lub sij hawm excavations qhia tias tag nrho cov architectural pawg, tsim raws li ib tug tib, nthuav dav tsim, nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj yog, es, ze rau lub ancient Egyptian complex ntawm pyramids thiab kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse nyob rau hauv Giza, thiab kuj muaj lwm yam., ua ntej tseem unsolved lub hom phiaj.

Txoj kev tuag

Pyramid ntawm lub hnub

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua txoj hauv kev loj hauv nroog Txoj Kev Tuag (El Camino de los Muertos), txawm hais tias lawv tsis zoo li muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov no. Txoj kev yog taw qhia los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb thiab tag nrho txoj kev mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30, yog li yog tias koj sawv ntawm nws qhov pib, nyob rau yav qab teb kawg, nws zoo nkaus li tias nws coj ncaj qha mus rau saum ntuj. Txoj Kev Tuag pib los ntawm ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub Citadel (Ciudadela). Thiab me ntsis ntxiv, txuas ntxiv lub complex ntawm sab hnub tuaj, nce ib tug loj heev tsib-tiered pyramid ntawm lub hnub. Nws qhov siab yog 64 meters, qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yog 222 × 225 meters. Ntawm qhov ntxeev sab, sab qaum teb kawg ntawm Txoj Kev, muaj 42-meter pyramid ntawm lub hli. Raws li archaeologists, ob qho tib si ntawm cov pyramids tau tsim tsis pub dhau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 1st BC.

Ntawm ob sab ntawm Txoj Kev Tuag, raws nws qhov ntev, ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb muaj zog, muaj ntau cov kauj ruam pyramids me me. Ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Citadel, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 16 hectares, sawv tawm rau nws qhov loj me 32-meter pyramid ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vaj tswv zoo tshaj plaws Quetzalcoatl - Feathered Serpent. Lub tsev yog nplua nuj nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm sculptural kho kom zoo nkauj, feem ntau depictions ntawm feather-npog nab thiab dab creatures nrog lub qhov muag loj.

Pob zeb qauv ntawm lub hnub ci system

"Tus vajtswv poj niam Teotihuacan" (mural)

Ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Teotihuacan, American archaeologist thiab historian Hugh Harleston Jr., nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tau tsim tias ob "tus qauv" ntawm qhov ntev tau siv rau hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub nroog. Ib tug yog 57 meters, lwm tus, hu ua "hunab" ("unit" nyob rau hauv lub Mayan lus) - 1.6 meters.

Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv coj Harleston mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom xav tsis thoob. Tom qab rov tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub nroog thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm hauv computer, nws tau pom tias cuaj ntawm nws cov qauv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub pyramid ntawm lub hnub nyob deb proportional rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm peb lub hnub qub mus rau tag nrho cov cuaj ntiaj chaw ntawm lub hnub ci system paub. rau peb. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau lees paub qhov kev xav tias Teotihuacan yog kev coj noj coj ua thiab "kev tshawb fawb" complex, rov tsim cov qauv ntawm nws cov tsev ua qauv ntawm lub hnub ci.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom nco qab ntawm no tias tib neeg paub txog thawj rau lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tab sis lawv tsuas paub txog lub neej ntawm Uranus nyob rau hauv 1781, Neptune nyob rau hauv 1846, thiab Pluto xwb nyob rau hauv 1930.

Yog li leej twg, ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo dhau los, tsim nyob rau hauv lub nroog ib tug qauv ntawm peb "nyob ze qhov chaw" nrog ib tug tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw?

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov ruins ntawm Teotihuacan tsis xaus rau ntawd. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, hauv qee lub tsev hauv Teotihuacan, archaeologists tau tshawb pom thaj chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj tsis paub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1983, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub Citadel complex, sib sib zog nqus underground chav tsev tau pom, nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab ntawm 30 meters, txheej ntawm masonry alternated nrog txheej ntawm mica, thiab lub thickness ntawm xws li ib tug "puff. ncuav mog qab zib" mus txog 1.5 meters. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau ua rau lwm qhov tsis meej: lub mica hauv "pie" tau los ua muscovite - hom uas tsis pom nyob hauv Central America.

Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, mica tau dav siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 800 C. Tsis tas li ntawd, mica muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo: tom qab tag nrho, "nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub" nws yog los ntawm mica qhov rais uas lawv hostesses. saib cov nplaim taws hauv cov qhov cub hluav taws kub hauv chav ua noj.

Tab sis leej twg thiab vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov khoom no ntawm mica 2000 xyoo dhau los ntawm thaj chaw uas, raws li cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub, cov neeg nyob hauv Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb?

Ib tug neeg sau xov xwm Polish pom thiab kawm li cas

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Polish neeg sau xov xwm Stanislav Khadyna tau mus xyuas Teotihuacan. Nyob ntawd, nws "qhia" yog Mev archaeologist, xibfwb Ramirez. Nov yog li cas Khadina piav txog nws qhov kev xav ntawm kev mus xyuas Teotihuacan nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Conquest of the Continent" (Na podbój kontynentu): “… Peb taug kev mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm Citadel. Kuv saib ntawm lub compass, sim txiav txim siab qhov twg yog sab qaum teb, tab sis rab koob rushes raws lub teev zoo li vwm. Ramirez taw rau sab qaum teb nrog nws txhais tes. Vim li cas thiaj muaj zog magnetic teb? Thaum kawg, tus xub calms down, tab sis … qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kab txuas cov chaw ntawm lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Quetzalcoatl, lub Pyramid ntawm lub hnub thiab lub roob ncov Cerro Gordo, uas yog, tsis yog txhua txhua mus rau sab qaum teb, tab sis nrog kev sib txawv ntawm 17 los ntawm sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob. Peb mus raws txoj kab uas tsis pom. Tab sis ntawm no Ramirez tig mus rau sab xis, lub koob koob thib ob mloog lus tig tom qab nws thiab rov nres ntawm 17 ".

Cov neeg taug kev mus deb ntawm lub tsev ntawm Citadel thiab pib nce txoj kev uas cua raws txoj kab nqes ntawm Cerro Gordo. Dheev Ramirez nres, thov txim thiab … blindfolds Khadina. Tom qab ntawd nws ua raws Ramirez, zoo li tus txiv neej dig muag rau kev qhia. 15-20 feeb dhau mus, thiab Khadina xav tias lawv tau nkag mus rau qhov chaw kaw. Tab sis lub qhov muag tsis pom kev raug tshem tawm. Lawv nyob hauv ib lub qhov tsua, peb qhov tunnels tawm ntawm nws mus rau qhov sib txawv. Sab saum toj nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov, hieroglyphs, xav tsis thoob zoo li Egyptian sawv daws yuav, ci ntsa iab - txhua tus nrog nws cov xim.

"Cov no yog cov hieroglyphs ntawm Mayan Toltec sau," Ramirez hais. - Qhov tseeb tias lawv zoo ib yam li cov neeg Iyiv tsis tas yuav zoo li xav tsis thoob yog tias koj paub qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Atlantis.

Cov neeg taug kev nkag mus tob rau hauv ib qho ntawm qhov av, uas tsis ntev tau coj lawv mus rau chav tshiab hauv av, lub sijhawm no kom meej meej ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog. Ntawm no, cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yog tag nrho lined nrog daim hlau ntawm mica, ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm hluav taws xob teeb. Lub Grotto ntawm Lub Hnub yog lub npe tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau chav no.

Raws li xibfwb Ramirez, ib zaug tag nrho cov pyramid ntawm lub hnub tau npog nrog mica thiab nyob rau hnub ntshiab nws ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm Vajtswv, nyob rau hauv uas nws hwm cov ancient builders tsim nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws hais ntxiv tias, qhov txheej txheej no, pom tau tias, tsis yog lub hom phiaj kho kom zoo nkauj lossis ritual. Cov ntaub ntawv Vatican muaj cov ntawv sau los ntawm Leej Txiv Pedro de los Rios, lub npe hu ua Vatican Code. Nws tham txog cov pyramids loj uas tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg loj heev. Tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav kev tsim cov pyramids, vim hais tias cov vajtswv tau pib muab xob laim rau cov neeg loj heev. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov no yog lus dab neeg. Tab sis yog tias peb xav tias cov pyramids tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, ces nws yog qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau lawv dua li cov txheej ntawm mica daim hlau.

Vim li cas qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm archaeologists "sib cais"?

Serpentine daim npog qhov ncauj

Rau lo lus nug no los ntawm ib tug neeg sau xov xwm Polish, xibfwb Ramirez teb tias: Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb pom tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm txoj kev … tsis haum rau cov tswv yim uas feem ntau lees txais … txog yav dhau los ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab nws cov neeg nyob. Tab sis peb … ib pawg kws tshawb fawb, kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv cov kev tshawb pom no tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus piav qhia tsim nyog rau ntau yam uas peb tau pom … Yog li ntawd peb tsis maj nrawm tshaj tawm peb qhov kev tshawb pom rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab tag nrho, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau ua raws li kev cai ib txwm … kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb yuav coj peb cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab cov neeg mob siab tshaj plaws, zoo li cas, yuav raug iab liam ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees, kev tsim khoom, kev dag ntxias thiab lwm yam kev ua tsis zoo.

Peb txuas ntxiv mus tshawb - ob qho tib si rau cov khoom qub tshiab thiab cov lus piav qhia rau tag nrho peb qhov kev pom zoo … Tom qab tag nrho, keeb kwm ntawm archaeology paub ntau yam zoo sib xws. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, coj txawv txawv av nplaum lauj kaub nrog hlau rods thiab tooj liab cylinders mounted nyob rau hauv, uas yog xam tau tias yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom cult, nteg nyob rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Thiab tom qab ntawd ib tus neeg twv yuav nchuav electrolyte rau hauv lawv. Thiab lub iconic pots muab ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no: nws muab tawm hais tias cov no yog galvanic hlwb, thiab lawv tau ua … txog ob txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Los yog ntawm no yog cov duab stylized ntawm cov noog zoo heev pom thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum … hauv South America. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom ua si lossis cov cwj pwm cult thiab nkaum hauv chav tsev. Ntau xyoo, ntau xyoo dhau los … [lawv] raug coj tawm mus rau hauv lub teeb ntawm hnub, ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas. Thiab nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia lawv kuj ceeb tias reminiscent ntawm … niaj hnub supersonic fighters. Cov noog, uas nws muaj hnub nyoog tag nrho ntau tshaj li ib thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo, tau tshuab nyob rau hauv ib tug cua qhov, thiab lawv ua tau zoo heev ya zoo.

Nws yog qhov ua tau tias thaum kawg peb yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Teotihuacan, thiab nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tsis tau xav txog.

Raws li rau blindfolding koj ua ntej mus saib Grotto ntawm lub hnub, txhua yam yog yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, koj tsis tau ua qhov zais cia ntawm koj qhov kev mus los ntawm no thiab koj lub rooj sib tham yav tom ntej nrog kuv. Lub rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim, thiab koj tau mus xyuas qhov chaw txaus nyiam tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov chav hauv av nrog cov tunnels, uas tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg tau mus xyuas ua ntej. Raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm, koj yuav tsum tau sau txog qhov koj pom. Tab sis qhov twg raws nraim koj pom tag nrho cov no, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm qhia "rau cov laj thawj tshaj li koj tswj." continents ".