Mysteries ntawm ancient Suav artifacts

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Sanxingdui, nyob rau hauv Suav xeev ntawm Sichuan, ib qho kev tshawb pom tau tshwm sim uas tam sim ntawd nyiam thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no thiab ua kom rov sau keeb kwm ntawm Suav kev vam meej. Ob lub qhov faus loj heev tau khawb av uas muaj ntau txhiab tus kub, tooj liab, jade, ceramic thiab lwm yam khoom qub uas txawv heev ntawm cov uas pom ua ntej hauv Suav teb. Cov archaeologists pom tau hais tias lawv tau qhib lub qhov rooj rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ib tug tsis paub ancient kab lis kev cai.

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1929, ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Sanxingdui tab tom khawb lub qhov dej thiab tuaj hla ib lub pob zeb loj ntawm cov pob zeb. Qhov kev tshwm sim tom qab ntawd coj mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub nceeg vaj mysterious thaum ub. Ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau tshawb nrhiav thaj chaw ua tsis tiav txog xyoo 1986, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm yuam kev hauv qhov av uas muaj ntau txhiab cov khoom qub uas raug tsoo, hlawv, thiab ua tib zoo faus.

Ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws uas pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov faus rau hauv Sanxingdui yog cov mlom nrog cov tsiaj taub hau, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nrog zaj pob ntseg thiab qhib qhov ncauj tag nrho ntawm cov hniav, lub taub hau hnav cov npog ntsej muag kub, cov tsiaj zoo nkauj nrog rau zaj, nab thiab noog; ib tug pas nrig loj, lub thaj txi ntuj, tsob ntoo bronze 4-meter siab, axes, ntsiav tshuaj, nplhaib, riam thiab ntau pua yam khoom tshwj xeeb.

Daim duab tooj liab ntawm tus txiv neej sawv nrog qhov siab ntawm 2.62 m sawv tawm - qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia hauv ntiaj teb.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog lub ntsej muag tooj liab loj thiab lub taub hau nrog lub ntsej muag zoo li lub ntsej muag, lub qhov muag loj loj, ntsej muag ntsej muag, thiab pob ntseg loj. Cov cwj pwm zoo li no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov neeg Asians.

Tom qab kev soj ntsuam radiocarbon, cov khoom qub tau sau hnub tim rau 12th - 11th centuries. BC. Lawv tau tsim los siv cov txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws bronze casting, nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau lead rau cov tooj liab-tin alloy los tsim cov hlau muaj zog.

Cov khoom hnyav dua thiab loj dua tau raug pov los ntawm cov hlau no - lub neej loj ntawm tus txiv neej thiab tsob ntoo siab txog 4 meters.

Qee lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tau loj, ib qho yog 40 cm dav thiab 72 cm siab - qhov loj tshaj plaws bronze npog puas tau pom. Peb lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg loj tshaj plaws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho Sanxingdui artifacts - tsiaj zoo li pob ntseg, monstrously protruding menyuam kawm ntawv thiab ntxiv, ornate torsos.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tsis thoob tias nws yog ib qho kev kos duab tsis paub meej hauv keeb kwm ntawm Suav kos duab, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb hauv thaj av Yellow River.

Ib qho kev tshawb pom zoo ntawm Sanxingdui hauv xyoo 1986 ua rau Sichuan lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub. Ancient artifacts nyob rau hauv Sanxingdui hnub rov qab mus rau lig thib ob txhiab xyoo BC, thaum lub sij hawm lub Shang dynasty, uas vam meej nyob rau hauv lub Yellow River Valley, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, ntau txhiab mais ntawm Sichuan xeev.

Cov kev tshawb pom zoo li no tsis tau ua nyob rau lwm qhov, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau pom hauv Sanxingdui uas tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov txawv ntawm kab lis kev cai no. Thaj, nws yog Bronze Age kev vam meej, tsis tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv keeb kwm thiab yav dhau los tsis paub.

Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev pom ib txwm muaj ntawm ib qho kev vam meej nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj thiab rau kev lees paub ntawm lub neej ntawm ntau lub cheeb tsam kab lis kev cai los ntawm Sichuan tau txawv txav.

Cov kab lis kev cai uas tsim cov khoom qub tam sim no hu ua Sanxingdui. Archaeologists koom nrog nws lub nceeg vaj thaum ub ntawm Shu. Kev xa mus rau Shu lub nceeg vaj uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau hnub tim rau lub sijhawm thaum ntxov hauv Suav cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tsis tshua muaj (nws tau hais hauv Shiji thiab Shujing raws li ib tus phooj ywg ntawm Zhou uas swb Shang), tab sis cov lus hais txog cov thawj coj legendary ntawm Shu tuaj yeem pom. nyob rau hauv lub zos chronicles.

Raws li Phau Ntawv Keeb Kwm ntawm Huayang, muab tso ua ke thaum lub sijhawm Jin Dynasty (265-420), lub nceeg vaj ntawm Shu tau tsim tsa los ntawm Tsancong. Nws tau piav qhia tias muaj qhov muag pom, qhov tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog cov duab hauv Sanxingdui.

Lwm cov thawj coj hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm suav nrog Bohuan, Yufu thiab Duyui. Ntau yam khoom cuav yog ntses lossis noog zoo li. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cov no yog cov totems ntawm Bogan thiab Yufu (Yufu txhais tau tias "ntses" thiab "cormorant").

Sanxingdui npog thaj tsam li ntawm peb square kilometers, nws yog ib qho kev sib haum xeeb loj rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog rau kev ua liaj ua teb, suav nrog winemaking. Kev tsim cov ceramics, cov cuab yeej fij tseg, thiab cov mining tau tshwm sim.

Raws li archaeologists, cov inhabitants, tsis paub vim li cas, dheev ncaim Sanxingdui nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 BC, thiab no mystical kab lis kev cai poob rau hauv lwj.

Cov pits fij tseg ntseeg tau tias yog qhov chaw uas cov neeg Shu thaum ub tau txi rau Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej, Ntiaj Teb, roob, dej, thiab lwm yam vajtswv ntuj. Tib neeg cov duab, bronze tsiaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg nrog bulging ob lub qhov muag, thiab tiaj tus bronze tsiaj lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yuav yog cov duab ntawm lub ntuj vajtswv pe hawm los ntawm cov neeg Shu.

"Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau cov sculptures ntawm cov neeg thiab cov khoom faus neeg, nyob rau hauv lub ancient lub nceeg vaj ntawm Sanxingdui, cov neeg pe hawm xwm, totems thiab cov poj koob yawm txwv. Nws zoo li tias cov kev pabcuam loj tshaj plaws feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawd kom nyiam pab pawg neeg nrog kev ntseeg sib txawv, "hais tias Ao, tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Sanxingdui Tsev khaws puav pheej uas tau kawm Sanxingdui kab lis kev cai rau ib nrab xyoo pua.

Nws ntseeg tias cov khoom siv tooj liab ntau hauv Sanxingdui txhais tau hais tias qhov chaw no yog Mecca rau cov neeg taug kev.

Txij li thaum lawv nrhiav pom, cov khoom qub no tau tsim muaj kev txaus siab thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto moo tsev cia puav pheej xws li British Tsev khaws puav pheej, Taipei National Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej, National Gallery of Art (Washington), Guggenheim Tsev khaws puav pheej (New York), Asian Art Museum (San Francisco), Art Gallery ntawm New South Wales (Sydney).) thiab Olympic Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Lausanne (Switzerland).

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Sanxingdui ua rau lub ntiaj teb xav tsis thoob, tab sis keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom qub tseem yog qhov tsis paub. Tsis muaj ib yam zoo li no puas tau pom nyob qhov twg hauv ntiaj teb no. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm lossis cov ntawv qub uas hais txog lawv.

Cov kws tshaj lij nug cov lus nug txog dab tsi yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom coj txawv txawv no, li cas cov kab lis kev cai tsis meej no tshwm sim thiab qhov twg tib neeg mus tom qab lawv faus lawv cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Sanxingdui kev vam meej - ib nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv Tuam Tshoj keeb kwm ntev - tseem yog qhov tsis paub txog niaj hnub no.