Keeb kwm ntawm Dub Confederates

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm lub Confederate tom ntej no lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, ib tsab xov xwm hais txog cov Negroes uas tawm tsam nyob rau sab ntawm lub Confederation tiv thaiv Northerners.

Kab lus, ntawm chav kawm, yog kev thov txim ntau dhau ntawm Confederation, tab sis nws muaj qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa dub ntawm Confederation.

Keeb kwm yog ib qho nyuaj heev. Nws yuav tsum tau sieved zoo li pob zeb hauv kub mining. Ntawm no yog qhov paub, piv txwv li, txog lub npe? Qhov tseeb hais tias cov liam Yankees tawm tsam kom tso cov qhev. Txawm hais tias, qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas rau kev tsov rog nyob hauv kev lag luam. Cov Yankees tsuas yog strangled rau sab qab teb nrog lawv txoj cai kev lag luam, txhua yam uas tau tuaj rau sab qab teb los ntawm sab qaum teb tau raug xa tawm ntawm tus nqi qis, lawv xav ua rau Sab Qab Teb cov khoom siv raw. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem pib ua tsov rog xwb, koj xav tau lub ntsiab lus. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua rau qhov prelog no kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus neeg ua phem, uas yog, nthuav qhia nws hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Zoo, thiab raws li, Sab Qab Teb pib nthuav tawm hauv qhov pom kev tsis zoo tshaj plaws, lawv hais tias, Ancient Rome nyob qhov twg … Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb, maj mam sab qab teb nws tus kheej tshem tawm kev ua cev qhev, txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau tus qhev tau dawb, thiab lawv tau nyob. npaj hauv lub neej. Zoo, uas yog, lawv tau muab txoj haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis qhov no yog li ntawd, ib lo lus, ib zaj dab neeg tom ntej …

Tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov dub yav qab teb tau tawm tsam rau Sab Qab Teb, thiab txawm tias lawv tau tawm tsam li cas, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tsis lees paub, muab tso rau me ntsis. Thiab nws yuav ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov twg txhua hom libero-fascists thiab lwm tus zoo li lawv tswj lub pob. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv Russia thiab! Piv txwv li, thaum kuv qhia tib neeg txog cov dub heroes ntawm CSA, lawv thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog, yuav ua li cas softer: Thiab qhov no tsis yog pi.. koj mus? Thiab lwm yam …

Tab sis nws tsis yog tias lawv zais qhov tseeb ntawm Confederates dub. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias peb lees paub qhov no, uas yog, lees paub tias cov neeg dub yav qab teb ib sab nrog cov neeg dawb sab qab teb tau tawm tsam cov neeg ua phem Yanke, ces sab qaum teb zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg sab qab teb tsis yog cov neeg phem kev ntxub ntxaug, txwv tsis pub cov neeg dub ntawm South yuav sib ntaus zoo li no rau Confederation? Hauv qab no kuv yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tub ncaj ncees ntawm Sab Qab Teb. Cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm ib lub vev xaib Lavxias. Ntxiv mus, thov nco ntsoov lub infa mus rau qhov chaw no yog muab los ntawm cov tub ntawm cov qub tub rog ntawm lub Confederation, qhov no yog ib lub koom haum ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm sab qab teb. Yog li:…

Tsawg kawg yog 35 feem pua ntawm cov neeg dawb dawb thiab 15 feem pua ntawm cov qhev sawv rau Confederation tag nrho 4 xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Twb yog lub Plaub Hlis 1861, i.e. Thaum ntxov ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tus editor ntawm Virginia cov ntawv xov xwm, lub chaw ruaj khov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Confederation, tshaj tawm "thrice hurray rau cov dawb dub patriots ntawm Lynchburg" tom qab kawm tias 70 dub tau muab lawv tus kheej rau tag nrho cov pov tseg ntawm CSA tub ceev xwm. "kom tiv thaiv Lub Tebchaws Dixie los ntawm kev ua phem ntawm tsoomfwv Lincoln."

Lub sijhawm me ntsis dhau mus, thiab tam sim no, tus kws tshaj lij Negro abolitionist Frederick Douglas, uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau kev tawm tsam rau txoj cai thiab kev nyiam ntawm nws cov kwv tij hauv haiv neeg, tau sau tseg nrog kev xav tsis thoob: “Muaj ntau cov neeg muaj xim dawb ua haujlwm hauv Pab Pawg Tub Rog! Thiab tsis yog tsuas yog ua noj ua haus, cov tub qhe thiab pab neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis ua tub rog puv ntoob. Lawv mob siab rau tua peb txhua tus, cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab npaj txhij los rhuav tshem nws cov cai hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. kev ua tub rog ntawm CSA. Nyob rau sab qab teb, lawv tsim ib lub koom haum ntawm cov tub rog ntxeev siab, lawv tau kawm raws li kev cai dav dav, thiab thaum lub rooj sib txoos lawv taug kev hauv xub pwg mus rau lub xub pwg nrog cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg sab qab teb dawb; lub sijhawm no, qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li hauv Pawg Tub Rog ntawm North."

Yog li ntawd, Dr. Lewis Steiner los ntawm "US Sanitary Commission" tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob los ua pov thawj li cas "peb txhiab tus neeg Confederates nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus sib tua iav - armed rau cov hniav nrog melee riam phom thiab phom - marched los ntawm Maryland" nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1862. nrog 55 txhiab tub rog ntawm General Robert Lee. Tom qab nkag mus rau nruab nrab "tus qhev-tus tswv" Maryland, Lee vam tias yuav ntxiv cov tub rog nrog cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, tab sis tau ntsib kev txais tos txias heev los ntawm cov neeg dawb - tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg dub! Steiner, uas tus Confederate txoj hauj lwm pom nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Frederick, ua tim khawv: "Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg dub hauv zos tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem hais tias lawv xav mus koom nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm KSA Army." General Lee cov tub rog dub tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm Maryland Campaign - kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 17 ntawm Sharpsburg, ntawm ntug dej ntawm cov ntshav-liab Antytem Creek uas muaj xim densely hnub ntawd General Johnston ntawm lub zos ntawm Xya. Pines, hais rau lawv cov phooj ywg nrog kev ntshai: "Nyob rau hauv thawj qib ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj ob pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab Negroes. Los ntawm lawv tsis muaj kev hlub tshua rau cov neeg sab qaum teb - tsis yog cov ciaj sia, lossis cov neeg raug mob, lossis cov neeg poob: lawv ua rau, thiab thuam, thiab nyiag, thiab tua peb ntawm txoj kev phem tshaj plaws!"

Tus Neeg Dub Confederate George, uas tau raug ntes los ntawm feds, piav qhia nws tus cwj pwm ua siab loj li no: “Kuv tsis yog neeg tawm suab. Nyob rau hauv peb sab qab teb, cov neeg tawg rog ua phem rau lawv tsev neeg, thiab kuv yuav tsis ua li ntawd."

Dawb thiab yuam negros txawm tau txais kev pabcuam hauv cov tub rog poob siab ntawm Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, paub txog lawv txoj kev ua siab phem thiab xav ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tom qab. General Forrest, tus thawj coj nruj tshaj plaws ntawm CSA thiab cov yeeb ncuab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg sab qaum teb, tau muab kev ntsuam xyuas zoo rau lawv: “Cov neeg no nyob nrog kuv mus txog thaum kawg. Cov neeg zoo li lawv yeej zoo dua lub Koom Txoos!”

Ib rooj plaub uas xav paub ntau yog piav qhia los ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Erwin L. Jordan hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau "Black Confederates thiab Afro-Yankees thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog hauv Virginia." Thaum cov neeg sab qaum teb tau tswj hwm kom ntes tau "ntau yam" detachment ntawm Confederates, uas muaj cov tswv qhev dawb thiab cov dub ntawm ob chav kawm. Nyob rau hauv kev sib pauv rau txoj kev ywj pheej hauv kev pauv rau "tsuas yog" kev cog lus ntawm kev ua siab dawb rau Tebchaws Meskas, ib tug dawb Negro ua siab loj cuam tshuam rau lub ntsej muag ntawm Yankee tus thawj coj: "Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev! Kuv yog ib tug ntxeev siab nigga mus ib txhis!" Tom qab nws, tus qhev hluas tau khav theeb tias nws ua tsis tau ib yam dab tsi uas cuam tshuam rau kev hwm thiab lub siab. Feem ntau, rau tag nrho cov pab pawg, tsuas yog ib tus tub ceev xwm dawb tau cog lus rau tsoomfwv Lincoln, tus so raug xa mus rau cov neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj. Tus neeg ntxeev siab tus qhev uas rov qab los tsev los ntawm kev kaw hauv tsev lojcuj xyoo 1865 tau hais tsis txaus ntseeg, ua rau nws txaj muag: “txaj muag thiab txaj muag! Mass tsis yog neeg zoo! Tsis muaj tej ntsiab cai kiag li!”

Ntawm cov dub - "dixiecrats" muaj qhov ci ntsa iab thiab txawv tshaj plaw. Piv txwv li, yug hauv 1800 (thiab nyob rau li 110 xyoo!) Dawb Negro James Clark. Twb yog ib tug txiv neej laus heev (61 xyoo), nws tau tawm hauv tsev neeg loj kom ua tiav nws txoj hauj lwm kev ywj pheej raws li tus kheej hauv 28th Georgia Volunteer Regiment. Nws tau dhau los ntawm txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm nws lub koom haum. Thiab tsuas yog thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 104 xyoos, tus txiv neej laus laus, uas tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees mus txog rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav tias nws tus kheej muaj cai cuam tshuam txog cov qub tub rog cov nyiaj laus uas nws tau txais ntev.

Yav tas los qhev Horatio King, ib tug venerable engineer uas tsim choj thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws United States, ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Dixie; Ib txwm ya lub Confederate banner nrog kev txaus siab, Vaj Ntxwv tau txais cov ntawv cog lus tseem ceeb los tsim cov nkoj rau nws cov tub rog.

Raws li tus tub qhe ntawm Sam Ash - thawj tus tub ceev xwm Yankee raug tua los ntawm Confederates: Major Theodore Winthrop, tus tseem ceeb abolitionist.

Nto moo nyob rau hauv tib lub Georgia thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, humanitarians pov thawj - loyal cov phooj ywg los ntawm lawv cov hluas, Alexander Harris thiab George Dwelle tiv thaiv siab tawv thoob plaws hauv lub tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub 1st Volunteer Regiment ntawm lawv haiv neeg lub xeev.

Lub npe nrov Richmond Howitzers yog ib nrab tub rog dub. Roj teeb No. 2, uas tau txais kev pab los ntawm negroes, tawm tsam ntawm 1st Manassas. Hauv tib qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, ob qho tag nrho "dub" cov tub rog tau koom nrog, ib qho ntawm cov qhev, lwm tus dawb. Ob leeg ntawm cov tub rog no raug kev puas tsuaj hnyav.

Private John Bookner nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tub rog keeb kwm nyob rau sab qab teb ua tus phab ej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Font Wagner tawm tsam 54th Massachusetts Negro Regiment ntawm tsoomfwv cov tub rog.

George Wallace, Robert Lee tus kheej txoj cai, uas nyob ib sab ntawm nws ntawm Appomattox thaum lub sijhawm muab riam phom rau hnub tu siab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 12, 1865, tom qab ntawd tau ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ntawm Georgia raws li ib tug senator ntawm lub xeev. Tab sis kev cai ntawm General Thomas "Stone Wall. " Jackson, uas tuag tragically nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1863 d, tau muab tsub lub zoo tub rog lub koob meej coj los ntawm tus bridle ntawm lub ntees tuag ntawm tus naas ej commander ntawm nws nees "Chestnut Kid".

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1865, ntau tshaj 1,100 tus neeg tsav nkoj dub tau ua haujlwm rau ntawm Confederate Navy. Ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qab teb kawg los ua neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv nyob rau hauv Shenandoah rau lub hlis tom qab kev tsov rog tau xaus, muaj ntau tus neeg dub.

Lub Negro Moses Dallas, uas tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lieutenant Thomas Pelo lub nkoj tua phom, tau tuag rau kev tuag nrog tus thawj coj thiab ntau tus phooj ywg thaum muaj kev sib tw, yuav luag kamikaze-style tua tawm tsam USS WaterWitch thaum Lub Xya Hli 1864 ntawm Green Island Sound. Ua ntej kev caij nkoj, Pelo tau hais kom tus me nyuam tub dub dub John Deveaux tawm ntawm lub nkoj; Deveaux, uas tom qab ntawd tau los ua ib tus neeg paub zoo hauv Georgia thiab tus tswv ntawm Savannah Tribune cov ntawv xov xwm, txog thaum nws tuag thaum laus, saib tom qab lub ntxa ntawm tus neeg siab tawv lieutenant, ua tib zoo hwm nws lub cim xeeb thiab xav txog nws tus Cawm Seej.

Cov tub rog dawb thiab dub sib npaug sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam Union rog ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Griswoldsville hauv Georgia, tua ntau tshaj li rau pua leej neeg laus thiab cov hluas, ob qho tib si dawb thiab dub.

Dick Poplar, nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas thaum ntxov, ua nto moo nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (Virginia) raws li ib tug unsurpassed kws ua zaub mov los ntawm fashionable Bollingbroke Hotel. Ua haujlwm pab dawb hauv Confederate Army, nws tau mob siab rau nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb kom txog rau thaum nws raug ntes nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo ntawm Gettysburg (Lub Xya Hli 1-3, 1863), uas tau lees paub lub neej ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas ntau dua li tag nrho Nyab Laj Tsov Rog. Tom qab siv sijhawm 20 lub hlis hauv Maryland Camp "Point Lookout" (uas yog cov neeg saib xyuas dub muaj qhov tu siab "tsis muaj npe" ntawm cov neeg tu siab thiab tua neeg), Poplar, txawm hais tias txhua hnub hnyav hnyav, tsim txom thiab thab plaub, txhua zaus tsis kam ntxeev siab rau Dixie los ntawm kev cog lus rau lub "tsoomfwv raug cai" ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej yog "tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Jeff Davis" (Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm CSA) thiab tshaj tawm qhuas rau Confederation. Rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg tom qab ua tsov ua rog, tus tuag-nyuaj Southerner sai sai tau los ua ib tug ua lag luam ua noj ua haus, kev txaus siab ntawm nws haiv neeg lub nroog. Poplar raug faus raws li "tus tub ncaj ncees ntawm Sab Qab Teb" - nrog rau tag nrho cov kev qhuas vim muaj koob npe qub tub rog ntawm Confederation.

Southern General John B. Gordon (Tub Rog ntawm Northern Virginia) tau tshaj tawm tias txhua tus ntawm nws cov tub txib tau pom zoo los npaj cov tub rog Xim, uas lawv qhov tsos yuav "txhawb cov tub rog zoo heev." General Lee kuj yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog dub. Thiab cov ntawv xov xwm Richmond Sentinel tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm thaum Lub Peb Hlis 24, 1864: "Tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias peb cov tub qhe (lo lus ' qhev ' tsis nrov nyob rau sab qab teb) yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev hwm ntau dua li cov motley hordes nce qib ntawm peb. los ntawm sab qaum teb … Tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov dub confederates yuav tsum tau tas nrog …”.

Thiab los ntawm txoj kev - "kev tawm tsam" Confederation, tsis zoo li "kho tawm sab qaum teb", tsis paub ib lub tsev hais plaub lynching lossis concentration camps, thiab cov pogroms qus, xws li Lub Xya Hli 1863, hauv New York, thaum neeg thugs, tsis txaus siab rau kev qhia txog. yuam kev ua tub rog, devoured pua pua ntawm cov xim thiab hlawv ntau lub tsev, incl. Negro orphanage (ntau tus menyuam ntsuag tsis muaj hmoo tuag hauv nplaim taws) yog qhov xav tsis thoob hauv KSA.

Ntau tshaj 180,000 tus neeg dub yav qab teb los ntawm Virginia tau tswj hwm kev khiav haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog Confederate. Lawv tau ua ntau txoj haujlwm - lawv yog cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg tsav tsheb, cov neeg tua hluav taws, cov kws kho tsheb, cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov neeg caij nkoj, cov kws ua hlau, cov kws kho tsheb, cov kws ua haujlwm log, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab tub rog pension rau ib tug par nrog dawb tub rog.

Txog rau thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, cov neeg laus Dixie cov tub rog tau mus ncig tsis tu ncua ntawm txoj kev ntawm Asmeskas lub nroog thiab cov nroog, thiab cov "cov neeg ntxeev siab" tau taug kev zoo siab hauv cov khaub ncaws grey shabby li tag nrho lawv cov kwv tij hauv caj npab - yog lawv dawb Protestant Anglo-Saxons, Catholic Irish, Cov neeg Yudais, Indians thiab txawm tias Suav.

Tab sis qee leej tsis nyiam kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg dub hauv kev ua tsov rog no.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm Ed Burrs tau hais txog qhov no: "Kuv tsis xav hu qhov ntsiag to ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg dub ntawm ob sab ntawm Mason-Dixon kab (xws li ciam teb ntawm cov xeev sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb) kev sib koom ua ke, tab sis cov qauv no tau hais meej meej. qee zaum tom qab xyoo 1910. " Keeb kwm Erwin L. Jordan, Jr. tau hu lub xeev txoj haujlwm no yog "qhov tseeb qhov tseeb" uas tau pib thaum ntxov li xyoo 1865. Nws tau sau tias: “Thaum tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj laus ua tub rog, kuv pom tias cov neeg dub qhia tias lawv yog tub rog hauv lawv daim ntawv thov nyiaj laus, tab sis lo lus tub rog raug hla los ntawm ib tug neeg txhais tes. Hloov chaw, lawv sau hauv "tus neeg ua haujlwm" lossis "tus neeg tsav tsheb". Lwm tus kws sau keeb kwm dub, Roland Young, hais tias nws tsis xav tsis thoob tias ntau tus neeg dub tau tawm tsam rau sab ntawm Confederacy:

"Muaj ntau, yog tias tsis yog feem ntau, cov neeg dub yav qab teb xav txhawb lawv lub tebchaws" thiab ua li no tau sib cav tias "koj tuaj yeem ntxub kev ua qhev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm hlub koj lub tebchaws."

Xyoo 1913, ntau txhiab tus qub tub rog, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, tuaj rau Gettysburg ua kev nco txog.

tsib caug hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov koom haum ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim tau npaj qhov chaw rau

kev pab rau cov qhua, suav nrog cov tsev pheeb suab cais rau cov qub tub rog dub los ntawm cov tub rog

cov neeg qaum teb. Txawm li cas los xij, ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob, ib pawg ntawm Negroes uas tawm tsam rau

kev koom tes. Tsis muaj chaw rau lawv, thiab cov dub confederates yuav tsum tau pw

ntawm straw txaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tsev pheeb suab ntaub ntawm lub camp. Tau kawm

txog qhov no, cov qub tub rog dawb los ntawm Tennessee tau caw cov neeg dub tuaj rau lawv lub yeej, hu ua

lawv ib lub tsev pheebsuab cais thiab faib cov khoom noj.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm United Confederate Veterans tau tawm tswv yim muab cov qub qhev ua ib thaj av thiab ib lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, tus yeej Yankees tau cog lus rau txhua tus qhev tso "plaub caug acres thiab ib tug mule," tab sis yeej tsis ua raws li lawv cov lus cog tseg. Confederate cov qub tub rog tau ua tsaug rau cov qub qhev, "ntau txhiab tus uas tau qhia txog kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws thaum tsov rog," tab sis tau xaus rau hauv kev txom nyem ntawm cov nroog loj. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov kev tsim cai lij choj ntawm cov qub tub rog yav qab teb tsis pom kev txhawb nqa ntawm Capitol Hill.

Thawj thawj tub rog monument los them tribute rau African American Confederates tau tsa ntawm Arlington National Cemetery hauv Washington xyoo 1914. Nws qhia txog ib tug tub rog dub taug kev ntiv taw-rau-ntiv taw nrog ib tug neeg dawb Confederate thiab ib tug tub rog sab qab teb dawb muab nws tus me nyuam rau hauv caj npab ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas dub.

zinc

Piv txwv li.

Raws li cov ntxhais ntawm Confederate tub ceev xwm los ntawm Alabama hais, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim li ntawd …