Nuclear reactor nyob rau hauv lub cell

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Hauv cov hlwb, qee cov ntsiab lus tau hloov mus rau lwm tus. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov nyhuv no, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav, piv txwv li, kev tshem tawm sai ntawm cov xov tooj cua cesium-137, uas tseem ua rau thaj tsam Chernobyl.

- Vladimir Ivanovich, peb tau paub ib leeg rau ntau xyoo. Koj tau qhia kuv txog koj qhov kev sim nrog Chernobyl radioactive dej thiab kab lis kev cai lom neeg uas deactivate dej no. Qhov tseeb tiag, tej yam zoo li no tau pom niaj hnub no ua piv txwv ntawm parascience, thiab tau ntau xyoo kuv tsis kam sau txog lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, koj cov txiaj ntsig tshiab qhia tau tias muaj qee yam hauv qhov no …

- Kuv tau ua tiav lub voj voog loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas tau pib xyoo 1990. Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua pov thawj tias hauv qee cov kab mob lom neeg, kev hloov pauv isotope muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cia kuv hais ntxiv: tsis yog tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis cov nuclear, txawm tias nws suab zoo npaum li cas. Thiab peb tsis tau tham txog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj xws li, tab sis hais txog lawv cov isotopes. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm no? Cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis yooj yim los txheeb xyuas, lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li impurity, lawv tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov qauv los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Thiab thaum tus piv ntawm isotopes hloov, nws yog ib tug ntau txhim khu kev qha cim.

- Piav, thov, koj lub tswv yim.

- Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws: peb muab lub cuvette, peb cog cov kab lis kev cai lom neeg hauv nws. Peb kaw nruj nreem. Muaj nyob rau hauv nuclear physics lub thiaj li hu ua Mössbauer nyhuv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus txiav txim siab heev resonance nyob rau hauv tej yam nuclei ntawm lub ntsiab. Tshwj xeeb, peb tau xav txog cov hlau isotope Fe57. Nws yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj isotope, kwv yees li 2% ntawm nws hauv cov pob zeb hauv av, nws nyuaj rau cais tawm ntawm cov hlau zoo tib yam Fe56, thiab yog li nws kim heev. Yog li: hauv peb qhov kev sim peb coj manganese Mn55. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ib tug proton rau nws, ces nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear fusion koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov hlau li ib txwm Fe56. Qhov no twb yog ib colossal ua tiav. Tab sis yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua pov thawj nrog kev ntseeg ntau dua? Thiab ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas: peb loj hlob ib tug kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv hnyav dej, qhov twg es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug proton, ib tug dayton! Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tau txais Fe57, cov nyhuv Mössbauer tau hais tsis meej. Thaum tsis muaj hlau nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem, tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab lis kev cai lom neeg, nws tau tshwm sim hauv nws los ntawm qhov chaw, thiab xws li cov isotope, uas yog me me hauv cov pob zeb hauv av! Thiab ntawm no - txog 50%. Ntawd yog, tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev tab sis lees paub tias muaj kev tawm tsam nuclear tshwm sim ntawm no.

Vysotsky Vladimir Ivanovich

Tom ntej no, peb pib kos cov qauv txheej txheem, txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab cov khoom siv. Peb tau tswj xyuas qhov kev piav qhia theoretical rau qhov tshwm sim no. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kab lis kev cai, qhov kev loj hlob no tshwm sim inhomogeneously, nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw muaj peev xwm "pits" yog tsim, nyob rau hauv uas lub Coulomb barrier raug tshem tawm rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, uas tiv thaiv lub fusion ntawm nucleus ntawm lub atom thiab lub coulomb barrier. proton. Qhov no yog tib yam nuclear siv los ntawm Andrea Rossi hauv nws E-SAT apparatus. Tsuas yog nyob rau Rossi muaj fusion ntawm lub nucleus ntawm nickel atom thiab hydrogen, thiab ntawm no - lub nuclei ntawm manganese thiab deuterium.

Lub cev pob txha ntawm ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv tsim muaj xws li cov xeev uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nuclear. Qhov no tsis yog mystical, tsis yog txheej txheem alchemical, tab sis yog ib qho tiag tiag, kaw hauv peb qhov kev sim.

- Cov txheej txheem no pom tau li cas? Nws tuaj yeem siv rau dab tsi?

- Ib lub tswv yim los ntawm qhov pib: cia peb tsim cov isotopes tsawg! Tib Fe57, tus nqi ntawm 1 gram hauv 90s yog 10 txhiab daus las, tam sim no nws yog ob npaug ntau dua. Tom qab ntawd lub laj thawj tshwm sim: yog tias ua li no nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov isotopes ruaj khov, ces yuav ua li cas yog tias peb sim ua haujlwm nrog cov isotopes radioactive? Peb teeb tsa ib qho kev sim. Peb muab dej los ntawm lub hauv paus Circuit Court ntawm lub reactor, nws muaj cov richest spectrum ntawm radioisotopes. Npaj ib tug complex ntawm biocultures resistant rau hluav taws xob. Thiab lawv ntsuas seb cov xov tooj cua hauv chav hloov pauv li cas. Muaj tus txheej txheem lwj tus nqi. Thiab peb tau txiav txim siab tias nyob rau hauv peb "kua txiv" cov dej num poob peb zaug sai dua. Qhov no siv rau cov isotopes luv luv xws li sodium. Cov isotope hloov pauv los ntawm cov xov tooj cua mus rau qhov tsis muaj zog, ruaj khov.

Tom qab ntawd lawv tau teeb tsa tib qhov kev sim ntawm cesium-137 - qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas Chernobyl "tau muab khoom plig" rau peb. Qhov kev sim no yooj yim heev: peb teeb tsa lub chamber nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov cesium ntxiv rau peb cov kab lis kev cai lom neeg, thiab ntsuas qhov kev ua si. Raws li ib txwm muaj, ib nrab lub neej ntawm cesium-137 yog 30, 17 xyoo. Hauv peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes, qhov no ib nrab-lub neej raug kaw ntawm 250 hnub. Yog li, tus nqi ntawm kev siv cov isotope tau nce kaum npaug!

Cov txiaj ntsig no tau rov luam tawm los ntawm peb pab pawg hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb, thiab ib qho ntawm cov hnub no lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm cov ncauj lus no yuav tsum tau luam tawm hauv European physics phau ntawv xov xwm - nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Thiab cov qub tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ob phau ntawv - ib tug tau luam tawm los ntawm Mir Publishing House nyob rau hauv 2003, nws tau los ua ib tug bibliographic rarity ntev dhau los, thiab lub thib ob twb tsis ntev los no luam tawm nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb nyob rau hauv lus Askiv nyob rau hauv lub npe "Kev hloov ntawm ruaj khov thiab deactivation ntawm radioactive. pov tseg hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob lom."

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov phau ntawv no yog qhov no: peb tau ua pov thawj tias cesium-137 tuaj yeem deactivated sai heev hauv cov xov xwm lom neeg. Cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb tau ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv nuclear ntawm cesium-137 mus rau barium-138 kom tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Thiab lub spectrometer qhia qhov barium zoo kawg nkaus! Rau 100 hnub ntawm kev sim, peb cov dej num poob los ntawm 25%. Txawm hais tias, raws li kev xav (30 xyoo ntawm ib nrab-lub neej), nws yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm ib feem ntawm ib feem pua.

Peb tau ua ntau pua qhov kev sim txij li xyoo 1992, ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab, ntawm lawv cov koom haum, thiab tau txheeb xyuas cov kev sib xyaw uas qhov kev hloov pauv no tau tshaj tawm.

Cov kev sim no, los ntawm txoj kev, tau lees paub los ntawm "thaj chaw" kev soj ntsuam. Kuv cov phooj ywg physicists los ntawm Belarus, uas tau kawm txog thaj tsam Chernobyl kom ntxaws tau ntau xyoo, pom tias nyob rau hauv qee yam khoom sib cais (piv txwv li, ib hom av nplaum tais uas cov xov tooj cua tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv av, tab sis tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, exponentially, lwj), thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam tej zaum lawv qhia ib tug coj txawv txawv txo nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cesium-137. Kev ua ub ua no txo qis qis dua qhov nws yuav tsum yog "raws li kev tshawb fawb." Qhov no yog ib tug tsis meej pem loj rau lawv. Thiab kuv qhov kev sim qhia meej txog qhov kev sib cav no.

Xyoo tas los kuv tau nyob hauv lub rooj sib tham hauv tebchaws Ltalis, cov koom haum tshwj xeeb pom kuv, caw kuv, them tag nrho cov nuj nqis, kuv tau tshaj tawm txog kuv qhov kev sim. Cov koom haum los ntawm Nyij Pooj tau sab laj nrog kuv, tom qab Fukushima lawv muaj teeb meem loj nrog cov dej tsis huv, thiab lawv txaus siab heev rau txoj kev kho mob lom ntawm cesium-137. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xav tau ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kab lis kev cai lom neeg yoog rau cesium-137.

- Koj puas tau muab rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj ua piv txwv ntawm koj qhov bioculture?

- Zoo, raws li txoj cai, nws yog txwv tsis pub import cov qauv ntawm cov qoob loo los ntawm kev lis kev cai. Categorically. Tau kawg, kuv tsis coj dab tsi nrog kuv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pom zoo nyob rau theem loj ntawm yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau cov khoom xa tuaj. Thiab cov biomaterial yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yuav siv ntau heev.

Anatoly Lemysh

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