Cov kev hem thawj yas, ua li cas txog cov khib nyiab hauv Russia?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub neej yog muab rau ib tug neeg ib zaug thiab yuav tsum tau nyob kom koj cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tsis mob excruciatingly rau xyoo koj nyob. Nrog rau qhov kev xav no, ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov khib nyiab tshwm rau ntawm peb lub qhov muag, uas stretches qab peb txhua tus. Qhov teeb meem no tau dhau los ua ib qho mob hnyav tshaj plaws thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom tsim nyog, thaum kev sib ntaus tsis yog los ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khib nyiab, tab sis nrog rau qhov ua rau - lub kaw lus uas ua kom cov khoom pov tseg ntau zuj zus.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov teeb meem khib nyiab tau dhau mus dhau qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig thiab tau dhau los ua kev lag luam, kev sib raug zoo, kev nom kev tswv thiab kab lis kev cai. Yuav luag txhua lub luag haujlwm hauv zej zog tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev daws teeb meem.

Ib pob pov tseg nyob hauv Ust-Orda Buryat koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm thaj av Irkutsk, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace / E. Usov

Hauv cheeb tsam Arkhangelsk, qhov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Moscow cov khib nyiab tsis zoo, hauv Tatarstan thiab cheeb tsam Moscow cov neeg tau sim tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov nroj tsuag incineration, thiab hauv zos kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov chaw pov tseg tshiab thiab tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv txhua cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qhov kev xav tau pib tshwm sim tias peb nyob ze rau kev daws qhov teeb meem: ntau cov khoom siv pov tseg tau tshwm sim, tib neeg tau pib nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "sib cais sib cais" thiab hauv ntau thaj tsam sib txawv tank rau ntau hom. Cov pov tseg tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw, lub xeev tau txais txoj cai lij choj uas tau tos ntev los ntawm tsoomfwv No. 89- Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Siv Khoom Siv Pov Tseg" thiab tau pib hloov kho thoob ntiaj teb cov khib nyiab.

Txoj cai lij choj tau tsim cov lus qhia tseeb ntawm lub xeev txoj cai hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab, thaum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txuag cov peev txheej thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg. Qhov ntawd yog, txoj cai tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ntse, thaum peb sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog qhov tshwm sim, tab sis nrog rau qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem.

Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj cai lij choj ntawm "Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Siv Khoom Siv Pov Hwm" tam sim ntawd "txhim kho", thiab kev hloov pauv pov tseg mus txog qhov kawg. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tau xav txog kev nce cov khoom pov tseg (lawv khwv tau nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab pov tseg), thiab tsoomfwv cov tub ceev xwm tau nqa tawm los ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij heev rau ib puag ncig, tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub teb chaws kev lag luam.

Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los daws qhov teeb meem yog kev tawm tsam kev tsim cov khoom pov tseg tshiab, thiab ntawm no qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev thiab qhov tseeb tsis lees paub ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv los ua ntej. Kaum tawm lub teb chaws tab tom txav mus rau qhov kev taw qhia no. Qee tus neeg maj mam txwv kev siv cov hnab yas, thaum lwm tus tab tom ua ntau radically thiab txwv ntau hom khoom pov tseg ib zaug.

"Ib zaug"? Tsis ua tsaug

Yuav ua li cas muaj tiag yog tsis kam lees cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov khoom?

Peb tau siv ntau heev rau lawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw nkag mus rau cov neeg so haujlwm: rusty barbecues, napkins, khob yas, fwj thiab hnab.

Ib qho ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Lake Vuoksa hauv thaj tsam Leningrad, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace / E. Usov

Tus cwj pwm no txaus ntshai heev. Yas yog txaus ntshai rau xwm thiab tib neeg nyob rau txhua theem ntawm lub neej voj voog: extraction ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, roj refining, siv, pov tseg nyob rau hauv landfills.

Cia peb tig mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Center for International Environmental Law "Plastic and Health: The Real Cost of Plastic Addiction":

yas hem ib tug neeg ntawm txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej voj voog;

ib qho kev sib txuas tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov yas thiab cov kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog leukemia, txo qis kev ua me nyuam thiab kev hloov ntawm caj ces;

thaum siv cov khoom yas, ntau cov microplastic hais thiab ntau pua cov tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev;

Txog rau tam sim no, ntau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo rau tus neeg tsis tau kawm txaus, uas txwv tsis pub cov neeg siv khoom los txiav txim siab xaiv cov khoom, cov khoom, thiab tsoomfwv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev tswj hwm.

Kwv yees li 4 txhiab chemicals yog txuam nrog kev tsim cov ntim yas, thiab tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm lawv tau tshawb xyuas txaus kom muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb 148. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, daim ntawv teev npe no yuav nthuav dav, tab sis tam sim no lub xeev ntawm Tej xwm txheej zoo li no uas peb txhua tus yuav ntsib kev phom sij hauv ntiaj teb yam tsis tau paub txog.

Microplastics hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace

Cia peb saib lub ntiaj teb kev coj ua ntawm kev tuav cov khoom pov tseg, cov khoom lag luam:

Hauv xyoo 2015, European Union tau txais cov lus qhia "Rau txo kev noj cov hnab yas hnyav".

Poj huab tais ntawm Great Britain tau qhia txog kev cog lus rau kev coj ua zoo zuj zus - thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2018, Buckingham Palace tau tshaj tawm tias nws yuav txwv tsis pub siv cov quav yas thiab lub raj mis hauv huab tais huab tais.

Txij li thaum pib ntawm 2019, cov khw hauv European Union tau txwv tsis pub muab cov hnab yas pub dawb.

Txij li xyoo 2021, European Union tau tshaj tawm txoj cai txwv tsis pub siv cov tais diav thiab hnab yas pov tseg, paj rwb swabs, diav, diav rawg thiab lwm yam khoom siv pov tseg.

Hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kuj muaj ntau yam piv txwv.

Antigua thiab Barbuda txwv cov hnab yas hauv xyoo 2016. Qhov no yog thawj qhov kev paub hauv Latin America thiab Caribbean. Styrofoam cov khoom raug txwv tsis ntev tom qab ntawd.

Xyoo 2017, New Delhi cheeb tsam cheeb tsam tau txwv cov hnab yas thiab cov tais diav. Hauv kev yeej loj rau ib puag ncig, Is Nrias teb tau txwv cov yas hauv Delhi. Qhov kev txwv no muaj xws li hnab, khob thiab cutlery.

Thaum ntxov 2019, ntau yam khoom siv yas pov tseg tau txwv los ntawm Pacific Island xeev ntawm Samoa. Kev ntshuam, tsim khoom, xa tawm, muag thiab xa tawm cov hnab ntim khoom yas, ntim thiab straws raug txwv txij lub Ib Hlis 30, 2019.

Georgia tau txwv cov pob khoom txij li lub Plaub Hlis 2019. Muaj kev nplua ntau heev rau kev muag khoom, kev tsim khoom lossis kev xa khoom ntawm cov hnab yas.

Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Belarus tau pom zoo txwv tsis pub siv thiab muag cov khoom siv yas pov tseg hauv cov chaw tsim khoom noj. Txoj cai lij choj yuav pib siv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2021.

Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Russia

Raws li ib txwm muaj, thawj cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov koom haum tsis yog tsoomfwv ntau xyoo dhau los. Maj mam, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsis lees paub ntawm "ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj" tau nkag mus rau hauv lub hwj chim txoj hauv kev.

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2019, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Dmitry Medvedev tau hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txwv tsis pub cov khoom siv yas pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia tuaj yeem daws tau zoo nyob rau theem kev cai lij choj.

Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Lub Xeev Duma Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau thov rau Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Alexei Gordeev kom txwv tsis pub siv hnab yas los ntawm 2025.

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 13, 2020, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Xeev Duma Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig, Vladimir Burmatov, tau hais tias kev txwv tsis pub siv cov yas ib zaug hauv tebchaws Russia yog qhov kev zam.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tsis pom zoo rau qhov no, txawm hais tias kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv cov tshuaj tsis tau txiav txim siab nyob rau theem no. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem cais thiab yuav tsum muaj kev sib tham sib cais.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim hauv kev txiav txim siab tseem nyob nrog tsoomfwv cov cai, yog li ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog los hloov txoj cai lij choj. Piv txwv li, Lub Alliance Against Incineration and Waste Recycling (tsim los ntawm cov koom haum ib puag ncig Separate Collection, Eka, Lavxias teb sab ceg ntawm Greenpeace, Cov phooj ywg ntawm lub Baltic, lub Resource Conservation Center, Dront Environmental Center) txhawb ib tug Lavxias teb sab pej xeem teg num, qhov twg nws tawm tswv yim kom txwv lub Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom, ntim thiab ntim khoom rau cov hom phiaj tsis yog kev kho mob, uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua lossis rov siv dua.

Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Cai Lij Choj ntawm St. Petersburg tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm txoj cai lij choj los tsim kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom pov tseg. Thaum xub thawj, Nadezhda Tikhonova, tus thawj coj ntawm Fair Russia, sim qhia txog kev txwv hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis nws tau ua tsis tau: Peb tau tham txog cov ncauj lus no ntev ntev ntawm cov rooj sib tham ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov txiaj ntsig tau zoo yog qhov kev tso tawm cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim ua ke nrog lub nroog pawg tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntuj. Lawv cuam tshuam txog kev txo qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom pov tseg. Yog tias muaj kev tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, cov khoom siv rov qab siv tau yuav tsum tau siv rau ntawm nws, thiab kev sau thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau cov yuam sij pov tseg - thaum xaus cov ntawv cog lus, cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tau pom. Los ntawm txoj kev, tib txoj cai tau siv rau ob xyoos hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad.

Peb ntseeg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov yas uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm kev ncig, kom maj mam tso tseg cov khoom nyuaj xws li pob ntseg sticks. Lub caij nplooj zeeg no, peb yuav pib tsim ib daim nqi tsim nyog ua ke nrog peb cov npoj yaig: cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov neeg tawm tsam ib puag ncig.

Peb tsis muaj lwm txoj kev. Lub ntiaj teb tab tom hloov mus rau qhov no, suav nrog peb cov neeg nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv 2021, Belarus yuav tso tseg cov tais diav pov tseg. Cov xeev Baltic npaj siab ua ib yam los ntawm 2024.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg uas ib tug tseem ceeb txav mus rau cais cais cov khib nyiab pib - nrog rau lub Greenpeace project rau nruab bins rau cais sau nyob rau hauv Vasilievsky Island nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2000s. Yog li, yog tias txoj cai lij choj pib ntawm Nadezhda Tikhonova hloov mus ua tiav, nws yuav dhau los ua kev txuas ntxiv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua zoo kawg nkaus.

Tseem tshuav ntawm paj rwb swabs ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Finland hauv St. Petersburg, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace / E. Usov

Kev txwv "ib zaug" muaj kev txhawb nqa dav hauv Russia.

Rov qab rau xyoo 2018, raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Levada Center, 47.4% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws ntseeg tias txo cov ntim ntim pov tseg hauv khw muag khoom yuav pab daws cov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, thiab 16.6% ntawm cov neeg teb tau tso tseg tag nrho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 64.7% ntawm cov neeg teb tau muab cov khoom noj rau hauv hnab yas, kwv yees li 27.6% - hauv lawv lub hnab, thiab 5% yuav ib lub hnab rov qab siv tau ntawm qhov kev txiav tawm. Me ntsis tsawg dua li ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias (29%) tau qhia lawv qhov kev npaj yuav tso cov yas yog tias muaj lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim.

Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2019, Levada Center tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb, uas qhia tau hais tias 84% ntawm cov neeg Lavxias txhawb nqa lub tswv yim ntawm kev cai lij choj txwv tsis pub siv cov yas ib zaug.

Daim ntawv thov rau kev txwv tsis pub siv cov yas ib leeg hauv tebchaws Russia tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau dua 140,000 tus neeg. Lawv tau pom zoo cov phiaj xwm nqis tes ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Greenpeace. Nws teev cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pov tseg pov tseg:

T-shirt hnab thiab packing hnab, ntim khoom thiab khoom siv (khoom noj khoom haus, khob, khob, khob hau, cutlery), paj rwb swabs ntawm lub hauv paus yas, daim ntaub ntub dej, straws thiab stirrers rau dej qab zib, yas balloon sticks, sticks rau khoom qab zib.

Cov neeg lag luam thiab lawv cov lobbyists hauv kev nom kev tswv tau tawm tsam qhov kev txwv no, sib cav tias nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam. Qhov no yog cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg, muab tsawg kawg nkaus tsuas yog qhov tseeb tias ntau lab nyiaj txiag xav tau los ntawm kev lag luam yog siv los tawm tsam cov khib nyiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg xav kom tsim kom muaj kev txwv tag kis, kaw cov lag luam thiab cov ntsiab lus faib rau cov khoom zoo li no. Lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej qhia cov piv txwv thaum cov txheej txheem no maj mam mus thiab ua tiav, tsis muaj kev poob siab.

Cov yas pov tseg rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Lake Baikal, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace / E. Usov

Xwb, koj tuaj yeem qhia txog kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb rhiab heev. Pib los ntawm Baikal. Lub cim ntawm Russia yog qhov ua rau tuag taus ntawm cov yas pov tseg. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb Greenpeace 2019 qhia tau hais tias 86.6% ntawm 3,975 cov khib nyiab khaws ntawm nws cov ntug dej yog yas. Cov khoom pov tseg suav nrog 87% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntim yas.

Kev taw qhia txog kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom pov tseg hauv Central Ecological Zone ntawm Lake Baikal tau dhau mus ntev

Lub tswv yim no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov zej zog hauv zos. Piv txwv li, cov neeg koom nrog II-nd Olkhon lub rooj sab laj Olkhon. Ua ke mus rau yav tom ntej” (Lub Ob Hlis 21, 2017). Nws nthuav tawm ib qho kev pib pom zoo los ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov thawj coj los ua ib qho kev pab cuam los tshem tawm kev siv thiab muag ntawm ib leeg-siv ntim yas rau ntawm cov kob. Qhov kev pab cuam tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib tham.

Cov yas pov tseg ntawm Olkhon Island, yees duab los ntawm Greenpeace / E. Usov

Xyoo 2019, Human Rights Council nyob rau hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation (HRC) tau pom zoo tias tsoomfwv Lavxias tsim kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub muag thiab siv cov tais yas pov tseg thiab ntim khoom hauv Central Ecological Zone ntawm Baikal Natural Territory. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Cov Lus Pom Zoo tom qab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub rooj sib tham sab nraud hauv cheeb tsam Irkutsk txij Lub Ob Hlis 25 txog 28, 2019 hais tias:

- txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub muag thiab siv cov tais diav yas pov tseg thiab ntim khoom ntawm thaj chaw Central Ecological Zone ntawm Baikal Natural Territory txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem ntawm Baikal thiab nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv;

- los muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv ntawm ib cheeb tsam kev pab cuam los tiv thaiv thiab txo qhov ntim txhua xyoo ntawm MSW tiam nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Irkutsk, suav nrog kev txo qis hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab nyuaj rau rov siv dua cov khoom siv yas, ntim khoom. thiab kev ntim khoom hauv txhua thaj chaw ntawm cov kev kawm uas tau ua tiav kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev siv cov khoom siv rov siv tau (reusable), ntim thiab ntim khoom ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov chaw raug cai;

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tsuas yog Baikal raug kev txom nyem los ntawm khib nyiab. Muaj ntau qhov chaw keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Russia uas tseem suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage List thiab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev. Nws yuav raug txwv kom txwv cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov khoom hauv txhua qhov ntawm lawv. Thiab tom qab ntawd, txav mus rau kev tsis lees paub thoob plaws lub tebchaws.