Nyob ze Port Arthur: kev dag ntxias hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress ntawm Russo-Japanese Tsov rog

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 26, 1904, Lavxias teb sab garrison ntawm Port Arthur fortress, uas tau tuav tawm rau 10 lub hlis, repulsed lub plaub - general - quab yuam. Cov tub rog Nyij Pooj tau nyob ze ntawm Port Arthur (110 txhiab tus neeg tuag). Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress no tau los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog. Ntau lub sijhawm piv nws nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol nyob rau hauv Crimean Tsov rog, thiab cov heroes-defenders tau muab tso rau ib tug par nrog cov neeg nyob hauv Sevastopol. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Port Arthur nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tub rog keeb kwm, thiab feem ntau nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia, yog zoo heev. Cov phau ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tau mob siab rau qhov ntu no, thiab feem ntau, lub epic nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv Russo-Japanese War.

Alas, tam sim no Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur tsis paub zoo rau cov pej xeem ntawm Russia. Lavxias teb sab Tub Rog Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ua haujlwm zoo ib yam kev kawm thiab kev kawm, npaj cov lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm "Historical Saturdays", seminars thiab round tables kom perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm heroes ntawm lub Russo-Japanese tsov rog.

Yuav ua li cas Port Arthur ua ib tug Lavxias teb sab fortress nyob rau hauv Far East? Vim li cas cov neeg Nyij Pooj thiab lawv cov neeg sab hnub poob tau haunted los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam? Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av thiab dej hiav txwv tau ua li cas? Thiab vim li cas cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus phab ej ntawm Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog? Tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm Istoriya. RF portal tau nug cov lus nug no rau tub rog keeb kwm, tus neeg sib tw ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias State Tub Rog Keeb Kwm Archive Oleg Vyacheslavovich Chistyakov.

Los ntawm "Zheltorossiya" mus rau rehearsal ntawm Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog

Oleg Vyacheslavovich, pib nrog, Kuv xav nug koj txog qhov xwm txheej tag nrho: vim li cas qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur pib?

- Lub siege ntawm lub nroog nws tus kheej pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1. Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj qhov kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua pib nrog kev kaw ze ntawm lub fortress. Nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws, feem ntau vim hais tias Russia xav tau qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis muaj dej khov rau ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Port Arthur nws tus kheej raug ntes los ntawm Nyij Pooj thaum lub sij hawm Sino-Japanese Tsov Rog, tab sis tom qab ntawd lub hwj chim loj tau yuam kom lawv tso tseg qhov kev yuav khoom no. Yog li ntawd, Port Arthur mus rau Russia. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj, tau kawg, tsis lees txais qhov no. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis nyiam Lavxias teb sab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev nkag mus rau Tuam Tshoj: raws li koj paub, peb tau tsim Sino-Eastern Railway, Russia tau txais kev pom zoo rau kev tsim kho sab qab teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj Eastern Railway (tom qab hu ua South Manchzhur Railway), uas yuav tsum tau muab kev nkag mus rau Far Eastern Railway (Dalian) thiab Chaw nres nkoj Arthur (Lushun). Lub phiaj xwm Zheltorosiya tau koom nrog kev sib tham. Tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsov rog Russo-Japanese. Thiab ib qho ntawm nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau pom qhov rov qab los ntawm Port Arthur, txawm tias feem ntau nws tsis yooj yim rau lub hauv paus naval. Tam sim no hauv Pacific muaj cov kev xaiv zoo dua, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, Tuam Tshoj tseem muaj nws lub hauv paus nyob ntawd.

Puas yog peb lub tebchaws loj loj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj chaw tsim nyog rau lub hauv paus naval?

- Vladivostok tseem yog lub hauv paus zoo, tab sis koj pom tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis muaj dej khov. Cov thev naus laus zis tseem tsis tau tsim kho, thiab cov nkoj xav tau qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis muaj dej khov txhua xyoo. Tias yog vim li cas kuv thiaj li nyiam qhov no ntawm Port Arthur. Muaj lwm txoj haujlwm, tab sis lawv xaiv Chaw nres nkoj Arthur, uas tau xauj los ntawm Tuam Tshoj rau 25 xyoo nrog qhov muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv.

Puas yog tsov rog pib treacherous?

- Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim chaw nres nkoj ntawm Chemulpo ntawm lub nkoj nkoj Varyag thiab nkoj phom Koreets tau tshwm sim ua ntej tshaj tawm ua tsov rog. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo heev, cov tub rog tsis sib npaug, thiab peb cov nkoj, tom qab tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj, raug dej nyab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Thaum tsaus ntuj, kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov nkoj tau tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev sab nrauv tsis yog Port Arthur, 3 lub nkoj tau puas. Thiab lawv kawm txog kev tsov rog tsuas yog thaum sawv ntxov.

Piav txog qhov pib ntawm kev ua phem. Vim li cas lawv thiaj mus ua phem heev uas cov yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem ncav cuag Port Arthur?

- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov deb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog. Russia tsis muaj cov tub rog txaus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab ib qho kev tsim tshiab Trans-Siberian Railway tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab cov peev txheej txaus los khaws cia hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg Nyij Pooj, tau tsaws hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, tuaj yeem tawm tsam rau hauv Manchuria, mus rau Port Arthur. Lub sijhawm no, lawv cov nkoj, uas pom qhov txaus ntshai tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias nkoj ntawm Port Arthur squadron, pheej sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua kom peb cov nkoj puas lossis puas tsuaj. Thaum qhov no tsis tau ua tiav tam sim ntawd, lawv tau xaiv lub tswv yim ntawm kev kaw qhov tawm ntawm Port Arthur. Ntau zaus tus yeeb ncuab sim ua kom nws lub nkoj tua hluav taws hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees kom peb lub nkoj tsis tuaj yeem mus rau hauv hiav txwv, tab sis tag nrho cov kev sim no tau raug tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj lawv thaj av tawm tsam. Thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis tus yeeb ncuab tau mus txog lub fortress ntawm Port Arthur. Nws siege pib.

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj kev tsov rog ntawm lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, rab phom tshuab thiab lwm yam tshiab hauv kev ua tub rog?

- Yog, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev tsov rog. Ua ntej nws yog Sino-Japanese Tsov rog hauv zos, Spanish-Asmeskas thiab Anglo-Boer. Tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv tsis loj heev, thiab qhov tseeb, peb tuaj yeem xav txog Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog yog qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab rau Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb. Cov nkoj tshiab, torpedoes, hiav txwv mines tau siv … Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm peb cov mines teeb tsa los ntawm Amur minelayer, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau poob 2 lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, Hatsuse thiab Yashima, uas yog qhov poob siab heev rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv Port Arthur, txawm lub submarine tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg nyiam nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm engineer Naletov. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau tshuab nws kom cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau nws. Cov phom tshuab thiab lawv cov ersatz variants, tsim los ntawm Captain Shmetillo, tau siv: 10 rab phom tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib tus qauv tsim, thiab ib tug tub rog tuaj yeem tua lawv. Tus tauj ncov loj Gobyato thiab tub ceev xwm tub rog Vlasyev tau tsim cov qauv ntawm lub mortar, nquag siv nws hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov phom loj loj tau siv dav, uas tau dhau los ua kev kub ntxhov ntawm comfrey hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, thiab qhov tsis tau tawg 210 hli., Peb cov phom Nyij Pooj tau xa rov qab rau lawv, twb nrog Lavxias teb sab fuses.

Vim li cas qhov kev ua ntawm peb cov tub rog ua haujlwm ua tsis tiav uas nyob rau hauv 10 lub hlis peb tsis tuaj yeem thaiv tus phab ej tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress?

- Tsis yog txhua qhov kev ua ntawm cov tub rog teb tuaj yeem suav tias ua tsis tiav. Qhov no yog vim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, rau qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub rog tsis tau tawm tsam ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Alexander III, uas yog hu ua ib tug "peacemaker", muaj xyaum tsis muaj kev tsov kev rog loj, tsis muaj kev paub, lub phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yuav raug ignored, txij li thaum nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv heev yooj yim tej yam kev mob rau cov tub rog rog. Tab sis txawm hais tias qhov tsis txaus no, tam sim no peb pom tias Nyiv tseem yuav plam kev tsov rog no. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb yog kev nom kev tswv ntau dua, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm 1905 kiv puag ncig. Kuropatkin (tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Russo-Japanese Tsov Rog), twb tau sau ntau zog thiab reserves. Thiab cov Japanese, nyob rau hauv lem, cia li mus tawg. Lub teb chaws nyob ntawm ntug. Tab sis muaj ib tug kiv puag ncig, lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Port Arthur, thiab yog li ntawd kev tsov kev rog tau xaus nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev thaj yeeb.

Txhua Lavxias tau nqa plaub tus neeg Nyij Pooj

Ob peb lo lus hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv. Puas yog Port Arthur tub rog muaj zog txaus?

"Txawm hais tias nws ua tsis tau zoo rau lub nkoj Japanese ua ke, nws tau sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv, kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo hauv Hiav Txwv Yellow, thaum Lub Rau Hli. Ntxiv mus, qhov tseeb, kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau ploj mus, qhov kev swb yog "kev": yog tias tsis yog rau kev tuag ntawm Admiral Vitgeft, tus thawj coj ntawm peb pab tub rog, thiab qhov tsis meej pem uas ua raws li, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem nyob ntawm peb sab. Feem ntau, muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau hauv kev ua tsov rog no, thiab peb ib txwm tsis muaj hmoo. Nco ntsoov tib rooj plaub nrog Admiral Makarov, thiab ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus. Feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj tsuas yog rov qab mus rau Port Arthur, qee qhov ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw nres nkoj nruab nrab. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tuaj yeem tua cov nkoj hauv txoj kev nrog cov phom hnyav, thaum lawv tuaj yeem kho lawv cov hluav taws …

Rov qab mus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress: nws puas tau muab faib ua ntau theem, kev ua phem?

- Yog lawm. Muaj peb qhov kev tawm tsam, uas tau rov qab los nrog kev poob hnyav rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj, thiab qhov thib plaub, kev tawm tsam zaum kawg, tom qab ntawd lub fortress tau surrendered. Raws li txoj cai, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, lub siege tau kav txij lub Tsib Hlis 1 txog rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 23, raws li cov qauv qub.

Russia tau npaj li cas rau kev tiv thaiv? Thiab cia peb kov lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais kom ua los ntawm peb sab: puas muaj qee qhov tsis meej pem?

- Lub npe hu ua Kwantung fortified cheeb tsam yog tsim los tiv thaiv. Lub cheeb tsam suav nrog lub fortress nws tus kheej, nws pre-fortified suburbs thiab qee qhov chaw nyob ze. Nws tau coj los ntawm General A. M. Stoessel, yav tas los tus thawj coj ntawm Port Arthur. Tab sis nws tsis tau tswj kom tawm hauv lub nroog, los yog tsis xav mus, qhov tseeb yog vim li cas tsis paub meej … General K. N. twb tau tsa Commandant ntawm Port Arthur. Smirnov. Vim li no, muaj kev tsis meej pem. Ib tug tuaj yeem hais tias muaj lub zog dual, uas yog qhov hnyav dua los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Stoessel tsuas yog tsis quav ntsej cov lus txib ncaj qha ntawm Commander Kuropatkin. Yog li, qhov tseeb, kev tiv thaiv tau coj los ntawm Stoessel, kev ua phem nrog Smirnov ntawm txoj kev. Cov neeg tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau ntawm lawv pov tseg 2 infantry division, ntawm 8 regiments. Ib tug raug txib los ntawm General Fock, qhov thib ob los ntawm General Kondratenko, uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau lawv, muaj ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib pab tub rog, East Siberian riflemen, thiab me me units - ciam teb, sappers, Cossacks thiab lwm yam units uas tau retreated mus rau lub fortress. Qhov tseeb, R. I. Kondratenko tau ua tus tiv thaiv hauv av ntawm lub fortress, tab sis, hmoov tsis, nws raug tragically tua, thiab kuj los ntawm kev huam yuaj, los ntawm ib tug ncaj hit ntawm ib tug hnyav lub plhaub nyob rau hauv lub dugout, qhov twg nws tau tuav lub rooj sib tham nrog lwm tus tub ceev xwm. Tom qab nws, kev tiv thaiv tau coj los ntawm A. V. Fock, tab sis nws twb yog qhov kev txom nyem ntawm lub fortress.

Koj xav li cas, nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas cov neeg niaj hnub piv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol?

- Tau kawg, lub fortress tiv thaiv ib yam li heroically, thiab rau tib lub sij hawm ntev. Lub nkoj kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv, cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj raug tshem tawm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av. Ntau tus tub ceev xwm hluas uas tau nto moo yav tom ntej tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv, tib yam A. V. Kolchak, piv txwv li, uas tawm tsam rau cov neeg tua neeg thiab hauv av. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws yuav tsum to taub tias lub kaw lus yog qhov uas lub nkoj tsis ua raws li cov lus txib hauv av, thiab rov ua dua, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hom rog no. Tej zaum, nws yuav zoo dua rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov lus txib, txij li cov kev ua yuam kev no yuav tsum tau theej rau nrog kev ua yeeb yam loj heev, uas peb cov tub rog, cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab lawv cov tub ceev xwm tau pom tiag tiag. Tseeb tiag, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev tawm tsam. Peb tuaj yeem xav tias txhua tus tub rog Lavxias coj nrog nws tsawg kawg 4 tus neeg Nyij Pooj.

Qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws txog Port Arthur yog cuav

Nws ntseeg tias cov neeg Nyij Pooj poob txog 110 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm nyob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Port Arthur?

- Yog, qhov no yog kwv yees li qhov tseeb daim duab. Tau kawg, cov neeg Nyij Pooj nyiam saib tsis taus lawv cov kev poob, thiab muaj ntau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb rau cov kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb tseem yog General Nogi, uas tau txib kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Port Arthur los ntawm Nyij Pooj, tom qab ntawd tua tus kheej ua ntej vim kev poob siab. Nws yog Pyrrhic yeej. Nws thov tus huab tais rau kev tso cai los ua nws tus kheej sepukka, tab sis Emperor Mutsuhito tsis kam nws, thiab tsuas yog tom qab kev tuag ntawm Emperor Nogi, nrog nws tus poj niam (!), nws tua tus kheej. Nogi tau piav qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub fortress raws li hauv qab no: "… Qhov kev xav nkaus xwb," uas kuv tau ntsib tam sim no, yog kev txaj muag thiab kev txom nyem uas kuv yuav tsum tau siv ntau tus tib neeg lub neej, mos txwv thiab sijhawm rau kev lag luam tsis tiav."

Yuav ua li cas cov neeg Nyij Pooj tswj kom coj Chaw nres nkoj Arthur - tom qab tag nrho, peb tau ua tiav thawj peb qhov kev tawm tsam?

Tau kawg, lub siege tau dhau los ua kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab ntshav siab rau lawv. Lawv maj mam, ib kauj ruam mus rau peb lub fortifications, khawb lawv trench, kev txom nyem poob. Cov Russians siv tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm, ob qho tib si lawv cov fortifications tshiab thiab cov qub Suav. Qhov tseeb, thawj peb qhov kev tawm tsam yog peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj, nrog kev poob ntawm 15-20 txhiab tus yeeb ncuab tub rog txhua. Rau kev sib piv, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mukden, cov neeg Nyij Pooj kuj poob 25-28 txhiab. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias qhov kev tawm tsam thib plaub tsis ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tag nrho ntawm kev tiv thaiv, lub fortress surrendered ntawm nws tus kheej, txij li thaum Stoessel txiav txim siab tias muaj peev xwm ua tau. kev tiv thaiv tau qaug zog, thiab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog kev nkag siab los tiv thaiv nws lub ntsiab lus tau ploj mus. Thaum nyob hauv qhov siab, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tuaj yeem ua qhov raug thiab tua phom loj. Tseem muaj cov khoom siv thiab mos txwv, tab sis scurvy twb raging nyob rau hauv lub garrison, tsis muaj zaub thiab vitamins, thiab muaj teeb meem loj nrog mov ci. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub caij nrog kev poob ntawm Lub Roob Siab, nws yog nws tus uas tau los ua tus yuam sij rau kev swb ntawm lub fortress. Cov yeeb ncuab pib tua cov nkoj hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab ntaus txhua lub hom phiaj lawv xav tau.

Tom qab ntawd Stoessel txiav txim siab tso lub fortress?

- Tsis yog ib leeg nkaus xwb, tom qab tag nrho, nws tab tom sib sau ua ke pawg sab laj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tom qab tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam thib plaub, dua nrog kev poob hnyav rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Pawg sab laj txiav txim siab tso tseg. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv rau lub sijhawm kawg, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab tso tseg tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm laus dua. Cov neeg no tau npaj kom tuag nrog kev hwm, tab sis txawm hais tias ua tub rog, tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau qhov no.

Phau ntawv paub zoo ntawm Stepanov pleev xim rau ib daim duab sib txawv rau peb, thiab feem ntau Stessel tau sim … Puas yog nws tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj tiv thaiv tus phab ej ntawm kev tiv thaiv?

- Tsis yog, koj paub, kuv tsis yog. Hais txog Stoessel, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus "scapegoat", thiab thaum xub thawj nws tau txais khoom plig, tau ntsib los ua tus phab ej, paub thoob plaws lub tebchaws, thiab raug sim tom qab. Nws raug ua txhaum. Interestingly, txiav txim los ntawm cov memoirs thiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov tub rog hlub nws, uas tsis haum rau nws bookish duab. Yog lawm, nws yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis hais lus, tab sis nws tsis yog tus neeg ntxeev siab lossis tus neeg phem nyob ntawd. Kuv muaj sijhawm los kawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm kom txaus los hais qhov no.

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, nws tau ntseeg hais tias nws yuav luag tau txais nyiaj los ntawm British …

- Qhov no yog ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tib Stepanov, uas nws biography yog feem ntau dag. Nws yeej tsis tau mus rau Port Arthur, tsis yog ib tug me nyuam tub thaum lub sij hawm siege, thiab tom qab ntawd yeej tsis tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawd. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias phau ntawv tau sau nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, thiab nws yuav tsis tau. Txhua yam uas tshwm nyob rau hauv lub preface ntawm nws phau ntawv yog feem ntau dag, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo li tus sau phau ntawv tsis tseeb, uas tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj kev. Cov kws tshaj lij tau ua haujlwm ntau ntawm qhov no, twb muaj ob peb tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas Stepanov phau ntawv keeb kwm, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob raug coj los ntawm nws. Yog li, Stoessel tau ua txhaum, thiab Kondratenko raug tsa los rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv, vim hais tias "cov neeg tuag tsis muaj kev txaj muag." Txawm hais tias kuv hais tias txhua tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Port Arthur yog cov neeg ncaj ncees thiab ncaj ncees, cov neeg nyiam ntawm lawv lub tebchaws.

Captured - raws li txoj cai knightly

Yuav ua li cas yog lub surrender?

- Tom qab kev txiav txim siab tso tseg, kev ua neeg vam meej ntawm lub fortress tshwm sim. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tso cai rau cov tub ceev xwm khaws lawv cov riam phom, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis txhob tawm tsam nrog Nyij Pooj raug tso tawm tsev, Emperor Nicholas II tso cai rau lawv. Qee tus tub ceev xwm mus tsev, ib txhia mus kaw, tsis xav ncaim lawv cov tub rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tsis tau coj cov neeg raug kaw raug mob, lawv cia lawv mus tsev. Txhua yam tshwm sim raws li European, tom qab ntawd rau qee qhov, kev cai knightly.

Yog tias peb kov tag nrho tib neeg kev poob hauv kev ua tsov ua rog …

- Kev poob rau Nyiv yog, yog tias tsis yog colossal, ces tseem ceeb heev. Port Arthur tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam, thiab tseem muaj Manchuria nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua loj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Mukden. Qhov tseeb yog tias Nyiv tau ua tsov rog ntawm cov nuj nqis. Nws cov peev txheej thiab nyiaj txiag tau ploj mus, nws xav tau kev thaj yeeb sai sai, txwv tsis pub nws tsuas yog poob nyiaj txiag. Tsis muaj leej twg zais cia tias lawv tau tawm tsam nrog Asmeskas thiab Askiv nyiaj. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Port Arthur, Tsushima tshwm sim thiab lub kiv puag ncig pib. Tag nrho cov kev swb no hauv kev xav nom tswv tsis tau muab sijhawm rau peb los ua tsov rog txuas ntxiv thiab thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb sai. Tsushima tuaj yeem zam tau, thiab peb tsis xav tau, pab tub rog mus rau Vladivostok, tab sis cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tawm tsam rau peb, uas tau xaus rau qhov tsis zoo siab uas nws tau dhau los ua tus straw zaum kawg hauv peb txoj hmoov phem hauv kev ua tsov rog no.

Rov qab mus rau Port Arthur, Kuv xav taw qhia tias qhov no yog qhov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev yeem surrenders nrog riam phom ua tim khawv rau qhov no. Tau kawg, kev tsov rog no ua lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Russia, thawb rau lub kiv puag ncig, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb rau peb yog qhov zoo heev. Peb tuaj rau kev poob siab los ntawm lub siab lub ntsws. Lavxias teb sab zej zog teb vividly, raws li kev lig kev cai, lawv tau sau ib tug ntau ntawm kev pab los ntawm pab tub rog, los ntawm lub Red Cross zej zog. Zoo, lub voj voog tawm tsam, txij thaum pib, xav swb rau lawv lub tebchaws. Ib tug neeg txawm xa kev zoo siab rau tus huab tais Japanese ntawm nws txoj kev yeej. Muaj lwm yam piv txwv phem … Thiab nws yog qhov nthuav tias V. I. Lenin tau raug hu ua "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav ntawm Chaw nres nkoj Arthur": nws tsis tau xaiv tag nrho kev ua tsov ua rog, tab sis qhov piv txwv no, ntseeg tias "lub caij nplooj zeeg" ntawm tag nrho lub xeev system hauv Russia pib nrog nws …