Helicopter Cheryomukhin

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev tsim ntawm TsAGI 1-EA sim sim nyoob hoom qav taub, tseem hu ua Cheremukhin nyoob hoom qav taub, yog qhov "tawg" tiag tiag hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim nyoob hoom qav taub thiab kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab rotary-tis.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, 1932, chav tsev no, nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab tus tsim dav hlau Alexei Cheremukhin, tau coj mus rau saum huab cua thiab mus txog qhov siab ntawm 605 meters. Txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho lub nyoob hoom qav taub no tau khaws cia hauv qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub, yog li ntawd, ntev, lawv tsis paub txog cov ntaub ntawv ya davhlau ntawm Cheremukhin, tsis tsuas yog thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv-breaking davhlau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub Ukhtomsk tshav dav hlau, qhov twg lub npe nrov Kamov nyoob hoom qav taub tuam txhab uas muag tam sim no nyob, ib tug tshwj xeeb commemorative kos npe rau.

Tom qab ntawd, ntau xyoo tom qab lub davhlau no, tus paub zoo ntawm Soviet aircraft tsim A. N. Tupolev tau hais tias: "Ib zaug peb tsis tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ya davhlau ntawm Cheremukhin, uas, undoubtedly, yuav coj lub ntiaj teb no koob meej rau Lavxias teb sab nyoob hoom qav taub." Thawj qhov nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm AM Cheremukhin. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub, uas tau tsav los ntawm tus tsim qauv nws tus kheej, thawj zaug coj mus rau saum ntuj hauv xyoo 1930. Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1930, tus kws tsav dav hlau tuaj yeem ua ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10-15 meters los ntawm hauv av, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig ntawm tib lub xyoo nws tau ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm 40-50 meters. Thiab qhov no twb yog 2-2, 5 npaug siab dua li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv ntiaj teb, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub dav hlau Italian Ascanio. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, 1932, tau nce mus rau qhov siab ntawm 605 meters, Cheremukhin tau dhau lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv 34 zaug ib zaug.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub

Keeb kwm ntawm thawj Soviet nyoob hoom qav taub yuav tsum pib nrog nws tus tsim. Alexey Mikhailovich Cheremukhin yug nyob rau hauv 1895 nyob rau hauv Moscow rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1914, yav tom ntej Soviet aircraft designer kawm tiav los ntawm lub 5th Moscow classical gymnasium nrog ib tug kub puav pheej. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws nkag mus rau lub koom haum St. Petersburg Polytechnic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau yuam nws tawm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm ntawm lub koom haum. Alexei raug xa mus rau cov tub rog nquag nyob rau hauv 13th corps aviation detachment nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg pab dawb. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1915 nws raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv aviation ntawm lub Imperial Moscow Aeronautics Society, qhov uas nws coj N. Ye. Zhukovsky "Theoretical kev kawm" rau 4 lub hlis. Thaum cov kev kawm no, Cheremukhin ntsib Tupolev.

Thaum kawm tiav cov kev kawm, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1916, tom qab dhau qhov kev kuaj sim, Alexei Cheremukhin raug xa mus rau 4th Siberian Corps Aviation Detachment ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 24 ntawm tib lub xyoo nws tau txais qhov khoom plig ntawm lub npe. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1916, Cheremukhin tau ua nws thawj zaug kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 1916 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "tub rog tsav". Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, nws tau ya mus rau 140 txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev kho hluav taws xob, kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Rau lub siab tawv thiab ua siab loj qhia thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, nws tau txais ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev txiav txim: lub Order ntawm St. Anna, II degree nrog swords, III degree nrog swords thiab hneev, IV degree nrog rau inscription "Rau Bravery", lub Order. ntawm St. Vladimir, IV degree nrog ntaj thiab hneev, Kev txiav txim ntawm St. Stanislaus II degree nrog ntaj thiab hneev thiab III degree, nrog rau cov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws hauv Fabkis - Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm "Military Cross", tus tsav kuj raug xaiv tsa rau St. George riam phom. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1917, AM Cheremukhin tau raug tsa los ua tus kws qhia ntawm Kachin tub rog aviation tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Sevastopol, tab sis tom qab nws disbandment nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1918, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow.

Tom qab nws rov qab mus rau lub peev, los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev teeb tsa Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawd nrog rau lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm nto moo ntawm xibfwb N. E. Zhukovsky, ncaj qha mus koom nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm thawj Soviet aviation scientific lub tsev. Nws yog nws uas nyob rau xyoo 1927 tau raug txib los ua tus thawj coj ntawm TsAGI txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab tsav tsheb (gyroplanes thiab helicopters). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm dav dav ntawm pab pawg yog TsAGI 1-EA helicopter. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cheremukhin tsis yog tsuas yog koom nrog kev tsim thiab tsim ntawm thawj Soviet nyoob hoom qav taub, tab sis kuj tau tsav nws tus kheej thaum kuaj.

Ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho lub nyoob hoom qav taub thev naus laus zis ntawm TsAGI pib xyoo 1925, coj los ntawm B. N. Yuriev. Ib xyoos ua ntej ntawd, nws yog nws tus thawj coj ntawm kev sim-aerodynamic department, uas suav nrog pab pawg tshwj xeeb nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm Cheremukhin. Ntxiv rau nws, pab pawg no suav nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas nyiam ntawm kev tsim nyoob hoom qav taub: V. A. Kuznetsov, I. P. Bratukhin, A. M. Izakson. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov pab pawg neeg tau koom los ntawm M. L. Mil, N. K. Skrzhinsky, N. I. Kamov, V. P. Lapisov, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub autogyros - yav tom ntej nto moo Soviet designers ntawm nyoob hoom qav taub technology. Ua ke nrog Cheremukhin, lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Soviet tau ua haujlwm, uas yav tom ntej tau los ua cov kws tshaj lij hauv lawv daim teb.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov neeg tsim khoom tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb theoretical ntawm ntau yam nyoob hoom qav taub thiab rotor configurations. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm tag nrho-teev sawv ntsug tsim ntawm TsAGI, kev sim kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ntsiab rotor nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6 meters pib. Tom qab ntawd, hauv xyoo 1928, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev tsim lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Thawj qhov kev sim nyoob hoom qav taub tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet Union tau txais lub npe TsAGI 1-EA (sawv cev rau thawj cov cuab yeej sim). Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub nyoob hoom qav taub raws li lub tswv yim, uas tau npaj thiab tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1909-1912 los ntawm B. N. Yuriev.

Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1930, tau tsim tshwj xeeb, purely helicopter units, uas yog: lub hauv paus gearbox, ib tug plaub-bladed lub ntsiab rotor, freewheel clutches, thiab lwm yam ntsiab ntawm ib tug branched, complex kis tau tus mob, cov kws tshwj xeeb pib teb kev xeem ntawm thawj lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Qhov txawv txav ntawm lub dav hlau tau sib phim los ntawm ib puag ncig uas thawj zaug tau ua tiav. Tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo tam sim hloov lub nyoob hoom qav taub mus rau hauv tshav dav hlau (yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv loj yuav tsim nyog), pab pawg ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom uas tau koom nrog kev tsim kho lub tshuab tau txiav txim ncaj qha rau ntawm 2nd pem teb ntawm lub tsev tsis tiav ntawm TsAGI. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tua hluav taws nrog ib tug tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm tua hluav taws, Alexei Cheremukhin, uas kuj yog ib tug xeem pilot, ua thawj, kom deb li deb tsuas yog av xeem ntawm TsAGI 1-EA. Tom qab cov kev sim no, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau xa thaum hmo ntuj mus rau lub tshav dav hlau Ukhtomsk, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog faib rau kev sim lub dav hlau tshiab los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg ua haujlwm rau kev ua tub rog thiab tub rog MN Tukhachevsky.

Lub TsAGI 1-EA nyoob hoom qav taub tau ua raws li ib qho kev sib tw rotor uas siv plaub lub taub hau lub ntsiab rotor thiab 2 M-2 rotary piston xyaw, tsim 120 hp txhua. txhua. Tsis tas li ntawd, 4 tus Tsov tus tw rotor tau siv, uas tau muab tso rau hauv khub hauv tus Tsov tus tw thiab lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub truss fuselage ntawm lub tshuab thiab sib npaug ntawm cov reactive torque ntawm lub ntsiab rotor. Lub ntsiab rotor muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 11 meters, thiab nws 4 hniav yog ib tug sib tov tsim nrog ntoo tav thiab stringers, ib tug hlau spar thiab canvas sheathing. Cov hniav tau txawv los ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj elliptical thiab aerodynamic layout uas zoo meej rau lub sijhawm ntawd, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrog cov yam ntxwv siab. TsAGI 1-EA tau nruab nrog lub tsheb kauj vab tsaws iav nrog lub log, zoo li lub dav hlau.

Nyob rau ntawm TsAGI 1-EA nyoob hoom qav taub, ib qho kev tswj hwm lub voj voog thiab cov suab sib txawv ntawm cov rotor hniav tau siv los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb swashplate tsim los ntawm B. N. Yuriev. Deviations thiab txav ntawm lub swashplate tau ua los ntawm deflecting lub suab sib sib zog thiab tswj pob qhov rooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv lub suab nrov nrov, lub ntsiab rotor ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub suab me me, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub tshuab hloov mus rau autorotting uas tsis yog lub cav qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Txhawm rau tig lub nyoob hoom qav taub, nws yog qhov txaus los hloov lub suab ntawm tus Tsov tus tw rotor - qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm deflecting ko taw pedals, uas tau txuas nrog txoj hlua tig ntawm tus Tsov tus tw rotor nrog tshwj xeeb cables. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov kev tswj hwm no tau dhau los ua ib txwm muaj rau txhua lub rotor helicopters nruab nrog tus Tsov tus tw rotor.

Hmoov tsis zoo, rau ntau qhov laj thawj, TsAGI 1-EA, zoo li ntau lwm lub nyoob hoom qav taub tsim nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd los ntawm cov engineers ntawm lub chaw no, tsis tau los ua tus qauv ntawm ib lub tshuab serial, tab sis yog tsis muaj lawv nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xav txog qhov no. tsim ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev ntawm kev tsim kho helicopter. Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s ntawm kev tsim thawj Soviet nyoob hoom qav taub mus ib txhis sau lawv cov npe hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet aircraft kev lag luam, muaj sia nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom thiab kev ua tsov ua rog.

Flight technical specifications of TSAGI 1-EA:

Dimensions: lub ntsiab rotor txoj kab uas hla - 11, 0 m, ntev -12, 8 m, qhov siab - 3, 38 m.

Lub rotor ceev yog 153 rpm.

Nyoob hoom qav taub hnyav: khoob - 982 kg, siab tshaj tawm - 1145 kg.

Fais fab nroj tsuag hom: 2 PD M-2, 2x88 kW (2x120 hp).

Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau ceev yog 30 km / h.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau qab nthab yog 605 m.

Crew - 1 tus neeg.