Forbidden keeb kwm ntawm Kazakstan

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Yuav ua li cas cov Kaisaks tau hloov mus ua Kazakhs

Cossack ASSR

Lub cheeb tsam loj ntawm Eurasia, uas yav tas los yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab lub USSR, txij li thaum 1991 Russia tsis belongs rau … Kazakhstan. Nthuav lub npe, puas yog? Nws suab txawm ntau nthuav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npaj thaum ntxov - KazaKstan (saib daim duab). Nws hloov tawm, Cossack Stan?

Feem ntau, yog peb luv luv saib keeb kwm ntawm thaj av no dhau los 800 xyoo dhau los, peb yuav taug qab cov keeb kwm kev nyuaj siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab, Cossack av.

Raws li Lavrenievskaya Chronicle:

“… summers [6737 lub caij ntuj sov los yog niaj hnub 1229] Saksini thiab Polovtsi vizbegosh los ntawm hauv qab mus rau Bulgarians nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Tatars; thiab tus saib xyuas ntawm Bulgarian chaw so, ntaus los ntawm Tatars ze tus dej, kuj yog lub npe Yaik."

"Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 6740 (1232), Tatarov tuaj thiab lub caij ntuj no txiv neej, uas tsis mus txog lub Great Bulgarian City."

Ntawd yog, cov xwm txheej qhia peb tias cov Tatars (Arab-Turks) tau tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Central Asia thiab khiav tawm ntawm lawv, SAKSINI thiab POLOVTSY tau khiav tawm ntawm cov av no mus rau Volga Bulgarians (Volgars). Nws yog qhov nthuav tias tom qab ntawd peb paub thaj av ntawm SAXONIA hauv Tebchaws Europe, BULGARIA ntawm Danube, thiab POLOVETS liam tias ploj lawm … nyob … cov Slavs. Cov Saksinis khiav ua ntej mus rau Bulgar, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw uas lawv tau ua los ntawm Germans.

Cov Polovtsi, raws li ntau tus neeg keeb kwm tam sim no ntseeg, tsis yog txhua tus Türks (tsis yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tau khiav tawm ntawm steppes los ntawm Tatars (Arab-Türks), lawv cov txheeb ze?). Tau khiav tawm ntawm Tatars, lawv tau nyob rau sab qaum teb Slavic thaj av, thiab los ntawm xyoo pua 15th. pib rov qab mus rau teb chaws qus thiab lub Great Steppe, paub rau peb li COSSACKS. Cov Bulgarians (Volgars), raug ntaus los ntawm Turks, khiav mus rau lub Danube thiab tam sim no paub rau peb li BULGARS.

Niaj hnub no, kev kawm txuj ci (istoriki) hu ua SAKSIN Saks thiab suav tias lawv yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Kirghiz, lawv hais tias, lawv tsis evaporate los ntawm steppes. Cov Bulgarians ntawm lub Volga (Volgars) yog suav hais tias yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm lub Tatars, thiab qhov twg Bulgars (Volgars) lawv tus kheej tau mus, lawv tsis tuaj yeem teb … Xyoo pua 15th paub txog science li vagabonds, tub sab thiab lwm yam rabble …

Cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab tias tag nrho cov excavations nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan thiab Central Asia invariably ua tim khawv rau lub hav zoov ntawm cov neeg dawb (Europeans) nrog ib tug tsim kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm (khoom kim heev kos duab ib leeg yog tsim nyog!). Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm ib tus nomads kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1930, thaum lawv raug quab yuam los ntawm Bolsheviks.

Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1997, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj "ntawm kev tshaj tawm lub nroog Akmola lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan." Cov lus hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub peev ntawm Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata, tuaj ntawm Nazarbayev me ntsis ua ntej, rov qab rau xyoo 1994. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv Alma-Ata txog xyoo 1980, Kazakhs tsuas yog 1/10 ntawm cov pejxeem.

Akmola (dawb toj lossis roob, nrog rau "qhov ntxa dawb") mus txog rau xyoo 1961 hu ua Akmolinsk. Txog xyoo 1992, lub nroog hu ua Tselinograd. Txij li thaum 1998 Akmola tau txais lub npe tshiab thiab ua Astana.

- Thiab dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Kazakh lub peev ua ntej? Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub Cossack detachment nrog Lieutenant Colonel Fyodor Shubin tuaj txog ntawm Cherny Brod (Karaotkel) ib qho chaw rau nteg ib tug neeg zov lub zos nyob rau hauv no heev qhov chaw - lub fortified point, ib tug outpost. Xyoo 1832, lub nroog fortress tau hloov mus rau sab nrauv Ward. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo, Akmola Order tau tsim. Thaum kawg ntawm lub 1st ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub fortress tau hu ua Akmola Cossack lub zos (txij li thaum 1862 ib lub nroog). Nyob rau hauv 1869 Akmolinsk twb yog ib cheeb tsam chaw, uas tau muab faib ua 4 qhov chaw: Fortress, Cossack zos, Slobodka, Gorod. Ib me ntsis tom qab, thaj chaw no tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev ncaj ncees hauv cov chaw ntawd.

Thiab ua li cas txog Alma-Ata? uas yog, Almaty? Leej twg nco tau tam sim no?

Fortification "Zailiyskoe" tau teeb tsa los ntawm Cossacks. Tom qab ntawd lub npe tau hloov mus rau "Vernoe" lossis Verny - lub peev ntawm Semirechensky Cossack tub rog los ntawm 1867 txog 1921, tsim los ntawm Siberian Cossack regiments: No. 9 thiab No. thiab 2nd.

Nyob rau hauv 1921, nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 14, tsab cai ntawm Central Executive Committee ntawm Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau lees paub qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Vernensky koog tsev kawm ntawv-lub nroog pawg neeg ntawm lub RCP (b) hloov npe Verny rau Alma-Ata.

Txhua lub nroog Kazakh yav tom ntej, txhua qhov chaw lawv nyob thiab tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lawv raug hu ua, tau tsim, tsim, nyob hauv thiab nruab los ntawm peb cov Cossacks nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab xeev Turkestan, thiab tsis yog los ntawm nomad nyuj breeders.

Lub whims thiab tricks ntawm tsoom fwv Soviet tuaj. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm b. Ib tug tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov koom pheej tau tsim thiab tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Ntau tshaj ib puas. Tab sis daim ntawv no qhia txog ib thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Tam sim ntawd tom qab cov tub rog liab nyob ib ncig ntawm Ali Boukey, uas tau tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej (los ntawm Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1917), Bolsheviks pib ua si nrog cov ntawv teev lus nom tswv, xws li cov iav ntau xim thiab cov khoom tawg hauv cov menyuam yaus lub kaleidoscope. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, 1919, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm RSFSR, Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev (Revolutionary Committee) tau tsim los tswj hwm thaj chaw Kyrgyz.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 26, 1920, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Txhua-Lavxias teb sab thiab Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev, tus menyuam roj hmab Autonomous Kirghiz Socialist Soviet Republic (AKSSR) tau tsim tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm daim ntawv mastic ntawm lub foob nws nyeem: "KSSRROS. SOV. FEDERATSIYA". Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 22, 1920, los ntawm lwm txoj cai, lub nroog Orenburg, lub peev ntawm Orenburg Cossack cov tub rog, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab, tau suav nrog kev tsim tshiab, kom meej meej, pub dawb los yog muab tawm yam tsis tsim nyog rau Kyrgyz. Txhawm rau ua mob rau Cossacks ib zaug, nws yooj yim dua hais tias tsuas yog lwm qhov nto qaub ncaug hauv Cossack sab: txawm tias tus nees luav tuaj yeem ncaws tus tsov ntxhuav tuag.

Lub Plaub Hlis 1925, Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic tau hloov npe mus rau hauv KAZAKH Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Nrog rau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg: Orenburg, yav dhau los Cossack peev, thiab tam sim no lwm thaj chaw tshiab (Kazakhstan lossis Kazakhstan ASKR) tau pauv tam sim ntawd mus rau RSFSR.

Thaum xub thawj, Bolsheviks tau pib hu ua tag nrho cov Kyrgyz Cossacks, thiab cov seem ntawm Cossacks lawv tus kheej, zoo li yog nyob rau ntawm nthwv dej ntawm cov khawv koob liab wand, los ua cov txiv neej Lavxias. Thiab ces (vim li cas tsis nkim sij hawm nyob rau hauv trifles!) Tag nrho cov Kazakhs (keeb kwm - Kaisaks) tau los ua tsis tau Kazakhs, tab sis Cossacks. Tam sim no lawv tau sau zoo li no: қazaқ lossis qɑzɑq (hais - khazakh).

Kuv tab tom noj, Kuv rov hais dua, ib cheeb tsam sib cais - yav dhau los Turkestan, txwv tsis pub, yog tias koj qhia txhua yam, ces peb cov neeg nyeem yuav tsis hnov zoo txhua. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub npe Turkestan (Turkestan General Governorship, ces Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej) tsuas lees tias nws tsis yog cov Mongols uas tuaj rau Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, tab sis lub Arab-Turks ntawm lub Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. Ua ntej lawv muaj Sogd, Bactria, Saxinia.

Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev ua si:

Uralsk yog lub peev ntawm Ural Cossack tub rog, tau tsim los ntawm Cossacks thiab Russians hauv 1584 (yav tas los Yaitsky lub zos). Txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1775 nws muaj lub npe "lub nroog Yaik". Niaj hnub no Uralsk twb yog lub nroog ntawm Oral, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Western Kazakhstan.

Kom txog rau thaum 1753, lub Guryev lub zos nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub Astrakhan xeev, thiab xyoo ntawd nws tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub Orenburg xeev, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lub Ural Cossacks. Kev tswj hwm hauv Guryev gorodok muaj kev vam khom ntawm Nakazny Ataman ntawm Ural Cossack Army thiab Ural Tub Rog Chancellery. Tam sim no peb Guryev tsis muaj nyob rau hauv Kazakh lub nroog ntawm Atyrau.

Semipalatinsk, (Semipalatinsk fortress tsim los ntawm Cossacks nyob rau hauv 1718) ntawm Siberian Cossack tub rog thiab Semirechensky, renamed los ntawm lub Kazakhs mus rau lub nroog ntawm Semey.

Ust-Kamenogorsk. Lub fortress Ust-Kamenogorskaya ntawm Siberian Cossacks tau mus xyuas lub zos, thiab tom qab ntawd lub nroog hauv nroog. Txij li thaum 1868 nws tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm ib lub nroog. Niaj hnub no nws yog hu ua ̨skemen.

Koj tuaj yeem mus ntxiv. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm tag nrho cov Cossack Troops tau redrawn, hloov. Coj peb lwm cov ntawv xov xwm tseemfwv hauv tebchaws thiab hais lus hauv ob peb feeb: Tswv! Los yog tej zaum peb twb yog neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw lawm?

Los ntawm 1925, tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug uake, lub demarcation ntawm Central Asia, lub Bolsheviks pauv lub peev ntawm Orenburg mus rau Syr-Darya nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Perovsk (txog 1853 Ak-Mosque), tab sis tam sim no lawv hu ua Kyzyl-Orda (Liab). peev, 1925) los yog niaj hnub Kyzylorda. Tab sis qee lub koom haum tswj hwm Bolshevik tseem nyob hauv Orenburg tau ntev. Tsis muaj sijhawm txav mus rau Kyzyl-Orda, lawv raug yuam kom ua raws li lub nroog tshiab, thib peb lub nroog Alma-Ata (1927)!

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1928, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Autonomous Cossack SSR tau txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev txhais cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm "Cossack lus" los ntawm cov ntawv Arabic rau hauv cov ntawv Latin. Thiab, Semirechensk thiab Syr-Darya cheeb tsam ntawm yav tas los Autonomous Turkestan SSR (chaw nyob rau hauv redrawn) twb pauv mus rau lub Autonomous Kirghiz SSR. Rov qab rau lub Yim Hli 1928, tag nrho cov xeev ntawm Kazak ASSR tau raug tshem tawm, thiab nws thaj chaw tau muab faib ua 13 cheeb tsam thiab cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam Orenburg tau rov qab mus rau qhov ncaj qha subordination ntawm RSFSR.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg rau tus kheej tias cov cheeb tsam sovets tau txawv heev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev (saib txog qhov no: tsab cai ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee Presidium ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 14, 1929 ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov xeev). Thiab peb cov av tau raug txiav ntau dua ib zaug thiab rov ua dua zoo li qhov phem, tsis siv neeg txiav, ib qho khoom zoo, zoo-zoo, uas hloov mus rau cov khoom siv patchwork.

Nyob rau hauv 1936, lub Kazak ASSR tsis tau ua: lub autonomy twb hloov mus rau hauv lub Kazakh SSR. Nyob rau hauv sovetsky official ntaub ntawv thiab xov xwm, lub npe no pib siv. Cia peb saib ntawm peb "qhov chaw" hauv peb lub siab. Peb pom dab tsi? Lawv nyiag peb thaj av me me. Ib tsev neeg phooj ywg. Lub xeev zoo li kev tsim (cov koom pheej, cov koom txoos, emirs thiab txawm tias ib lub xeev) uas muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem! Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog cov tub nkeeg xwb tsis coj. "Tsis txhob yawn Vanka, qhov ntawd yog qhov kev ncaj ncees rau!"

Tag nrho cov no yog kev tu siab thiab mob. Kuv xav ua kom tiav cov ntawv sau tseg rau ntawm daim ntawv zoo, nrog lub suab zoo siab, zoo siab, tab sis dheev tsis nco qab lub suab paj nruag, tab sis raws li cov lus hais mus, "tus cwj mem tawg," tab sis kuv cov lus inky qhuav, tab sis dheev daim ntawv tig. tawm mus yuav tsis sau. Tab sis qhov kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Maximilian Voloshin tau tshwm sim hauv lub siab:

Nws dhau nrog Russia …

Peb poob nws, peb blabbed nws tawm, Crawled, haus, nplawm, Npog hauv av nkos squares

Muag tawm ntawm txoj kev: tsis txhob eh

Rau leej twg av, Republics thiab kev ywj pheej, Civil rights… thiab lub teb chaws ntawm cov neeg

Nws tus kheej rub tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev zoo li carrion!

Los ntawm xws li ib tug leapfrog nrog lub capitals, tshiab tsim lub xeev formations, ib ncig, thiab lwm yam, tsis yog lub Cossacks tshwj xeeb, los yog Russia tag nrho, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo.

Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txhua yam tseem nyob tom ntej.

Tsis nco qab lawm V rny

Loyal(tam sim no - Alma-Ata) - ib lub nroog, cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum Lub Ob Hlis 4, 1854. Tsis ntev nws loj hlob thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub zos Cossack loj, qhov chaw uas cov neeg nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Russia (Voronezh, Orel, Kursk xeev) tuaj txog. Nyob rau hauv 1867, Verny tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev Semirechensk. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, thaum xub thawj nws yog ib feem ntawm KazaKstan, ces nws tau ua lub peev ntawm nomadic nyuj-breeders ntawm lub Kaisaks, uas lawv sai sai ua lub Kazakhs …

Nyeem ntxiv