"Cov tsev siab siab yog cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom nrog lub neej luv luv."

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev tsim kho loj ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse siab tshaj plaws yog qhov kawg rau lub tebchaws. Cov vaj tsev zoo li no txaus ntshai, tsis ruaj khov rau cataclysms, kev siv nyiaj ntau, kim heev kom pov tseg thiab tsim teeb meem loj rau cov tiam tom ntej, hais tias tus kws qhia ntawv Alexander Krivov.

Lub teb chaws txoj haujlwm "Lub Tsev thiab Lub Nroog Ib Cheeb Tsam" lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ntse, ib thiab ib nrab ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nyob rau xyoo 2024 - txog li 120 lab square meters ib xyoos. Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub hom phiaj no tsis meej. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem lees paub qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm cov lus qhia, tab sis zoo li lawv tsis ntseeg tiag tiag hauv kev ua tiav: tsuav qhov chaw tsim kho tsis loj hlob, tab sis poob. Ntau tus tswv xeev thiab cov tsim tawm ncaj qha tshaj tawm tias txoj haujlwm zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem siv tau thiab tsis tsim nyog, yog tias tsuas yog vim tsis muaj qhov xav tau zoo hauv lub tebchaws uas tuaj yeem nqus tau cov vaj tsev loj li no.

Nto moo hauv nroog npaj, kev kawm ntawm International Academy ntawm Architecture, scientific director ntawm Central Research Institute of Construction ntawm Ministry of Construction ntawm Russia Alexander Krivovsiv txoj haujlwm txawv txawv. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim kho ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum tau tso tseg kev tsim kho ntau lub tsev ua khoom kim heev thiab muaj tshuaj lom nrog lub neej tsis muaj zog. Cov ceg txheem ntseeg yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov tsev nyob qis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws xav nyob hauv ib lub tsev. Kev hloov pauv mus rau tus qauv vaj tsev tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem yog ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm kev teeb meem hauv zej zog.

120 lab square meters ib xyoo yog qhov tsim nyog

Puas yog qhov yuav tsum tau nce qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev mus txog 120 lab square meters ib xyoos twg?

- Muaj kev xav tau. Peb tseem muaj cov tsev nyob nruab nrab qis - 23 square metres ib tus neeg. Rau kev sib piv: nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe qhov nruab nrab yog hais txog 50, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws USA - 70. Txawm nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe, qhov nruab nrab yog hais txog 40 square meters. Ukraine yog ua ntej ntawm peb, peb tsuas yog overtaking Romania.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov khoom vaj khoom tsev niaj hnub no muaj txog 3.7 billion square meters. Tab sis peb kuj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account nws qhov zoo: kwv yees li 40 feem pua ntawm cov vaj tsev tsis txuas nrog lub hauv paus kav dej. Cov khoom vaj khoom tsev yuav tsum tau nce mus rau tsawg kawg yog plaub thiab ib nrab lab square meters. Nrog rau cov pejxeem ntawm 150 lab tus tib neeg, qhov no yuav muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib tus neeg ntawm 30 "squares". Yog tias cov nyiaj yog tsib billion, ces kev ruaj ntseg yuav nce mus rau 32-33 square meters. Qhov no yog qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cov tebchaws tsim. Los ntawm txoj kev, theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov xeev ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog qib ntawm kev muab vaj tsev.

Qhov thib ob qhov tseem ceeb: nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos, kev so hauv tsev, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev nyob uas ploj lawm yuav pib nce. Pib txij xyoo 2020, cov tsev vaj huam sib luag tsim hauv xyoo 1970 yuav muaj tsib caug xyoo. Thiab xyoo 1970 yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev loj, thaum ntau ntau kaum lab square metres tau tsim hauv ib xyoos.

Puas muaj Panlek thiab thaiv tsev ntau dua li xyoo 1970s dua li Khrushchev?

- Muaj tseeb tiag. Cov tsev tsib-storey muaj tsawg tsawg: lawv thaj tsam tag nrho thoob plaws lub tebchaws yog li 130 lab square metres (ua haujlwm ua ntej xyoo 1965), thiab cov vaj tse tau tshaj tawm los ntawm 1965 txog 1976 yog 260 lab square meters. Xyoo 2020-2025, yuav tsis muaj nyiaj so haujlwm ntawm vaj tse nyob rau xyoo 1970, thiab peb, tau nce qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim kho, tseem yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj vaj tse ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm no yuav tsis muaj nyob: ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev tshiab yuav mus them rau cov nyiaj so haujlwm.

Lub hom phiaj - coj lub teb chaws cov tsev nyob rau tsib billion square meters - zoo li tsim nyog rau kuv. Lub tsev 70-80 lab square meters ib xyoos tsis txaus: nyob rau hauv 6 xyoo tsuas yog 400-480 lab square meters yuav ntxiv, thiab qhov no tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub pov tseg ntawm vaj tse. Kev ua tiav ntawm tus nqi ntawm 120 lab square meters ib xyoos yog tsim nyog. Yog tias koj tsim tsawg dua, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv hauv kev ua neej nyob.

Kev phom sij, kim, tsis tiv taus kev puas tsuaj

Peb yuav xav tias koj tau ua pov thawj qhov tsim nyog theorem. Tab sis muaj coob tus tsis ntseeg qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm xws li ib tug ntse acceleration ntawm kev tsim kho

- Nrog rau cov qauv kev lag luam tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, kuv pom zoo. Daim ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv tebchaws tau hais tias los ntawm 2024, 80 lab square meters ntawm commissioning yuav poob rau ntau lub tsev nyob. Xyoo tas los, 43 lab square meters tau tsim. Yuav luag ob npaug kev loj hlob hauv kev lag luam poob? Nws yog qhov tsis zoo heev.

Tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev uas txoj kev ntawm kev tsim kho ntau-storey yog qhov kawg. Kuv yuav tsis tham txog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ntau-storey reinforced pob zeb vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem, hais txog kev nplij siab thiab inhumanity ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm nees nkaum-tsib-storey tsev - qhov no yog raws nraim tus naj npawb ntawm storeys uas tau mus txog tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv Russia.. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov vaj tsev nyob hauv ntau lub tsev tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis kuj tseem txaus ntshai, kim, siv nyiaj ntau heev. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe lossis hauv Tebchaws Meskas lawv xyaum tsis tsim cov vaj tse zoo li lub tsev siab zoo li peb.

Dab tsi yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev siab siab?

- Rau kuv, qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog pom tseeb, tab sis qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub rau cov tsev siab dua 17 plag tsev, peb tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los cawm tib neeg. Tsis yog nrog peb xwb. Hauv London xyoo 2017, hluav taws kub hauv lub tsev nees nkaum-zaj dab neeg tua peb caug leej.

Qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub no tsis tso cai?

- Yog lawm, cov ntaiv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb txuas mus txog 63 meters, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj kev txav mus los tsis tau sim.

Kev tsim vaj tsev ntau lub tsev yog kim heev los tsim thiab ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev nees nkaum-tsev, "kev poob" ntawm qhov chaw rau cov ntaiv tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, elevator shafts, txoj kev hauv tsev, thiab qhov chaw sib txuas lus - 30-35 feem pua. Cov peev txheej yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw no, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem muag. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, muaj qhib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho: tus nqi ib square meter ntawm ib tug kaum xya-zaj dab neeg lub tsev, txawm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ib tug cuaj-zaj dabneeg lub tsev, raug xam tias yog 30 feem pua.

Cov tsev siab siab ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov rau cataclysms. Txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog, kev ua phem ua phem lossis kev puas tsuaj ntuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub neej. Lawv txiav tawm hluav taws xob hauv qhov thaiv ntawm cov tsev siab siab - thiab qhov ntawd yog nws: elevators, twj tso kua mis thiab cov kav dej phwj tuaj tsis ua haujlwm, cov tsev tsis muaj cua sov ntxiv lawm.

Thiab peb tsis suav nrog tus nqi ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej voj voog. Thiab qhov nruab nrab, tsuas yog 20 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub tsev thaum nws tag nrho lub neej yog siv rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho. Cov nqi seem yog rau kev ua haujlwm, kho thiab pov tseg cov khoom siv. Yog hais tias peb muab rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nqi, nws hloov tawm hais tias kev tsim kho ntawm high-sawv vaj tse yog ib tug pov tseg ntawm loj loj cov kev pab cuam niaj hnub no thiab tso cov mines rau yav tom ntej tiam.

Thawj Tswj Hwm tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj kom nce qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nyob rau xyoo 2024

Hauv tebchaws Russia, ntau zaus tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv ib lub tsev piv rau lwm lub tebchaws

Pua pua lab tons ntawm kev tsim khoom pov tseg

Koj hais tias cov tsev siab loj yog kuv li rau tiam tom ntej. Koj muaj dab tsi hauv siab?

- Peb tau tuaj rau ib qho kev nthuav, tab sis me ntsis tham txog lub ntsiab lus: yuav ua li cas nrog niaj hnub siv dag zog ua vaj tse siab siab thaum lawv lub neej tas sij hawm. Raws li GOST, nws tau txiav txim siab ntawm tsib caug xyoo. Daim duab tshwj xeeb tsis tseem ceeb tam sim no, tsuas muaj ib qho txiaj ntsig - kev rhuav tshem. Kev npaj kho dua tshiab yog ua tau. Tab sis cov tsev no muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsawg. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los hloov cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ib lub tsev ib-zaj dab neeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-tsib-storey tsev nyob hauv cov neeg nws nyuaj heev. Feem ntau, peb tsis muaj kev lag luam rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov tsev siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev ua vaj tse ntxiv yuav tsum tau rhuav tshem, thiab tom qab ntawd teeb meem loj tshwm sim.

Thawj yog yuav ua li cas. Kuv nco qab tias tom qab av qeeg hauv Spitak yuav tsum rhuav tshem thiab, yog tias ua tau, pov tseg tsuas yog ob peb lub kaum tsev vaj huam sib luag tsib-zaj dab neeg. Nws yog qhov nyuaj vim qhov kev sib tsoo feem ntau ntawm cov qauv, tab sis cov lus nug tseem ceeb yog qhov twg thiab yuav khaws cov khoom seem li cas. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, tsib-zaj dab neeg cov tsev raug puas tsuaj nrog ib tug cam khwb cia-hlau hnyav ncua los ntawm ib tug xub, tab sis yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau ib tug nees nkaum-tsib-storey tsev yuav puas tau? Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo nkauj los rhuav tshem cov tsev siab hauv ntiaj teb - tsuas yog tshuab lawv. Thiab yuav ua li cas nrog microdistrict? cais nws tag nrho? Zoo, cia peb xav txog tias lub tsev puas raug puas tsuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd cov lus nug hauv qab no tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas nrog qhov seem ntawm nws?

Muab faib ua feem thiab rov siv cov ntaub ntawv?

- Yog lawm, tab sis txhawm rau thauj nws los ntawm lub tsheb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau zom cov khoom seem tom qab kev puas tsuaj lossis tawg. Muaj cov thev naus laus zis, tab sis lawv muaj zog siv zog. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los cais cov pob zeb ntawm cov hlau ntawm cov nroj tsuag: cov hlau yog remelted, thiab cov pob zeb yuav raug crushed rau hauv me me feem thiab siv los ua ib tug muab tub lim hauv kev tsim kho. Muaj cov thev naus laus zis rau kev sib cais ua feem rau cov ntim me me, tab sis yuav daws qhov teeb meem no li cas ntawm cov nplai loj tseem tsis tau paub. Tsis muaj cov thev naus laus zis zoo rau kev puas tsuaj thiab pov tseg ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Thiab tom qab ntawd lo lus nug tom ntej no tshwm sim: qhov twg muab tag nrho cov khoom seem no?

Puas muaj ntau cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ntawm ib lub tsev?

- Ib square meter ntawm lub tsev pob zeb muaj zog hnyav kwv yees li 1.3 tons. Lub tsev tsib-zaj dab neeg nrog thaj tsam ntawm tsib txhiab "squares" hloov mus rau yim txhiab tons ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg. Feem ntau, peb yuav muaj ntau pua lab tons ntawm nws. Qhov no yog qhov uas dab ntxwg nyoog irony ntawm reinforced pob zeb yog muab zais: nws yog ib qho khoom siv nyob mus ib txhis, tab sis cov tsev ua los ntawm nws muaj lub neej luv luv.

Moscow xav nqa cov khib nyiab tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm tsib-zaj tsev hauv tsheb mus rau thaj tsam Arkhangelsk, mus rau Shies. Nws tsis pheej yig, muab nws me me. Thiab qhov xwm txheej mob hnyav tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawd. Cov neeg nyob hauv zos tawm tsam kev faus lub nroog cov khib nyiab ntawm lawv thaj av.

Puas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau rhuav tshem Khrushchev hnub no? Cov kws tshaj lij Bocharov ntseeg tias lawv tseem muaj zog heev thiab lawv cov peev txheej tau ntev tshaj li tsib caug xyoo

- Reinforced qhob yog cov khoom siv nyob mus ib txhis. Nws yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa, thiab nws tuaj yeem nqa mus ntxiv. Tab sis cov rwb thaiv tsev yog stratified, engineering networks hauv tsev yuav siv tsis tau. Raws li txoj cai, lub tsev tsib-zaj yuav kho tau. Tab sis tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau txhuam tawm tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa thiab ua nws dua. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, cov kev ntsuas loj ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kho tshiab tau ua tiav: engineering systems, rwb thaiv tsev, qhov rais, qhov rooj tau hloov. Kwv yees li kaum lab square metres hauv ib xyoos tau rov tsim dua, uas yog ntau heev. Tam sim no nws ntseeg tau tias nws yooj yim dua rau kev rhuav tshem thiab tsim ib lub tsev tshiab ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas twb muaj lawm ntawm 20-25 plag tsev.

Koj tau npaj li cas los daws qhov teeb meem nrog tsib-zaj tsev tom qab kawg ntawm lawv lub neej ua haujlwm tsib caug xyoo dhau los? Lawv cov kws sau ntawv xav li cas thaum ntawd?

“Lawv yuav tsum rov tsim kho dua hauv tsib caug xyoo. Tab sis peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim vaj huam sib luag tsib-zaj tsev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1950s raug yuam. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg nyob rau hauv barracks, lawv yuav tsum tau rov qab los. Thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom tau sai heev thiab industrially. Nyob rau hauv-line ntau lawm technologies tau mastered zoo heev thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog. Yuav ua li cas? Cov vaj huam sib luag vaj tse tau tsim nyob hauv Europe. Cia peb mus, saib, yuav - thiab mus!

Ntawm chav kawm, tus kheej kev daws teeb meem rau kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau raug txiav txim siab. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no nyuaj rau siv tam sim no. Muaj tus cwj pwm txawv kiag li rau cov nqi hluav taws xob: lub zog yuav luag dawb - roj av nqi 28 kopecks ib liter.

Hauv xyoo 1950, kev kwv yees rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tau zoo. Nws zoo nkaus li tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua cov thev naus laus zis zoo kawg yuav raug tsim - yuav luag zoo ib yam li me ntsis tom qab hauv Strugatskys 'phau ntawv "Noon, XXI Century".

Tab sis niaj hnub no nws tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv vim li cas nws tau tsim zoo li no hauv xyoo 1950. Lo lus nug tseeb yog vim li cas peb tseem niaj hnub tsim yuav luag tib lub tsev niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias peb paub ntau ntxiv. Tias kev siv lub tsev demolished tsis yog ob feem pua ntawm nws cov nqi nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub neej voj voog, raws li nws tau sau nyob rau hauv tej yaam num, tab sis yog piv rau cov nqi ntawm kev tsim kho. Peb paub tias peb tsis tuaj yeem ua kom rov tsim kho loj heev, thiab tsis muaj qhov twg los tso pov tseg kev tsim kho yav tom ntej.

Hauv peb caug xyoo, peb cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav ntsib txoj haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg: yuav ua li cas nrog ntau pua lab square metres ntawm cov vaj tsev uas tsis muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm peb thiab ua ntej peb? Peb tab tom noj av thiab lub zog los ntawm cov tiam tom ntej ntawm qhov loj me. Qhov no tsis yog txawm irresponsibility, tab sis keeb kwm cynicism. Peb yuav tsum tso tseg qhov kev coj ua phem no kom sai li sai tau thiab txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas nrog cov vaj tse uas twb muaj lawm ua vaj tse siab.

Vim li cas, paub txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse siab, peb puas tseem tsim lawv?

- Cov lus teb yog qhov yooj yim heev: hauv cov qauv kev lag luam tam sim no, qhov no yog txoj hauv kev tau txais txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws thiab nrawm tshaj plaws los tsim cov nyiaj tau los ntawm thaj av. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg koom nrog hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem - cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tub ua lag luam. Cov teeb meem yav tom ntej yog tsis quav ntsej, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom raug yuam kom yuav cov khoom uas tab tom tsim rau lawv.

Lub tsev me me yeej nyob hauv Russia

Cov neeg xav nyob hauv lawv lub tsev

Koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yog kev hloov mus rau cov tsev nyob qis. Koj pom nws li cas?

- Lub vaj tse yuav tsum qis qis, kev lag luam, rov ua dua tshiab, zoo li qub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev qis qis tuaj yeem sib txawv heev: cov vaj tse ntawm cov av loj, thiab cov tsev nyob ib leeg, thiab cov tsev nyob, thiab cov tsev peb-zaj nrog cov tsev. Yuav tsum muaj kev tsim kho ntawm hom kev ua neej rau cov pab pawg sib txawv, rau cov kev xav tau sib txawv. Rau ntau tus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw kom meej meej ntawm tus kheej. Ib qho chaw uas nws tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv nws txoj kev. Yog li hais tias ib tug neeg tsis nyob rau hauv antagonism nrog xwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv sib npaug.

Hauv lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, peb nyob coob heev. Cramped nyob rau hauv lub subway, cramped nyob rau hauv cov tsev. Qhov no extinguishes ntsuj plig thiab kev txawj ntse lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw rau kev paub txog tus kheej, kom muaj qhov chaw, kev ywj pheej.

Kev xaiv tsa qhia tias feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias xav nyob hauv lawv lub tsev

- Yog, raws li kev xaiv tsa, nws yog 60-70 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem. Cov neeg raug yuam kom nyob hauv cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev siab siab - tag nrho cov kab ke tsav lawv nyob ntawd. Hauv Russia, tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov tsev neeg nyob hauv ib lub tsev. Kev sib piv: hauv Tebchaws Meskas - 72 feem pua, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees - 82 feem pua, hauv Finland - 89 feem pua.

Nws ntseeg tau tias tsev neeg ib leeg muaj nqi ntau dua li cov tsev, thiab txoj kev ua neej nyob rau hauv suburban presupposes tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los siab

- Kuv tsis xav li ntawd. Tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm ib square meter ntawm cov tsev nyob qis yog ob peb zaug qis dua li cov tsev siab siab, peb tau tham txog qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim lawv lub tsev, tus nqi thiab tus nqi zoo sib xws. Yog li ntawd, tsev neeg cov peev nyiaj ntawm ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob lab rubles, suav nrog kev qiv nyiaj, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso siab rau ib lub tsev ntawm ib puas square metres ntawm lawv thaj av, lossis ib chav tsev me me ntawm nth. pem teb. Tab sis cov tsev me me uas tab tom tsim ua kom nquag plias tam sim no sawv cev rau cov pej xeem tuag: lawv tsis haum rau cov tsev neeg nrog menyuam yaus.

Tab sis kuj tseem muaj nqi ntawm av thiab kev sib txuas lus

- Lub xeev tau faib trillions ntawm rubles rau Lub Tsev thiab Lub Nroog Ib puag ncig lub tebchaws project. Koj tuaj yeem faib cov av dawb lossis pheej yig, kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem tso tawm los ntawm lub xeev ntawm nws tus kheej cov nqi. Muaj qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Belgorod, qhov chaw zoo li no tau ua haujlwm tau kaum tsib xyoos thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Academician ntawm International Academy ntawm Architecture, scientific director ntawm lub Central Research Institute ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Ministry of Construction ntawm Russia Alexander Krivov: "Multi-storey vaj tse tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau tib neeg xwm, tab sis kuj txaus ntshai, kim, heev kev pab cuam."

OLEG SERDECHNIKOV

Txoj kev tshiab ntawm lub neej raws li kev sib tw kev vam meej

Cov lus nug classic: yuav ua li cas? Koj puas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau kev ua lag luam tshiab?

- Ua ntej, peb xav tau kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tsim vaj tsev qis qis thiab tsev neeg ib leeg. Thawj kauj ruam yog qhov pom tseeb: txhawm rau txhawm rau qiv tsev qiv nyiaj thiab lwm yam qiv nyiaj rau tsev neeg ib leeg (tam sim no lawv suav txog tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm cov qiv qiv nyiaj qiv), kom nquag suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev nqis peev hauv tsev.

Qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj cai lij choj los daws cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws tej yaam num. Thib peb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov av hauv kev sib hais haum, txhawm rau kho qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev siv av. Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug billion square meters ntawm vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug conveyor siv rau kev npaj ntawm ib cheeb tsam, rau lawv cov kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev ncig, rau kev sib txuas lus. Peb tsuas muaj ib feem pua ntawm lub teb chaws thaj chaw nyob los ntawm kev nyob. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tias qhov ntsuas no yuav nyob ntawm qib 1, 2-1, 25 feem pua rau lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Vladimir - qhov no yog xya feem pua, nyob rau hauv lub Belgorod cheeb tsam - kaum ob. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov chaw nyob muaj txog 20 feem pua.

Plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv ib pab pawg neeg tsav tsheb hauv thaj chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej kom ua haujlwm tawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv siv av. Peb kuj xav tau ib pab pawg ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem sim ntau lub tsev thev naus laus zis thiab cov phiaj xwm nyiaj txiag, ob qho tib si rau kev tsim kho qis thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Thib tsib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv, sim thiab kho cov cuab yeej tsim kho tsim nyog. Kev tsim kho qis yuav tsum dhau los ua kev lag luam tiag tiag: kev sib dhos nrawm ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsim.

Thaum koj tham nrog cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg tsim tawm txog Belgorod kev paub txog kev tsim kho qis, koj ib txwm hnov: "Qhov kev paub no tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, vim tias tag nrho cov av nyob ze cov nroog yog cov tuam txhab ntiag tug." Koj puas yuav tsum tau ua ib feem ntawm thaj av los tsim kev tsim kho qis?

- Kuv tsis xav. Lub xeev muaj av txaus. Thiab thaum cov tswv av loj pom tias lub xeev tau nqis peev tiag tiag, lawv tus kheej yuav hloov ib feem ntawm thaj av. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav tsis txhim kho lawv.

Puas yog txoj hauv kev tshiab xav tau kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib hais haum?

- Koj yuav tsum tso siab rau qhov kev sib hais haum uas twb muaj lawm. Koj tsis tuaj yeem xav txog qhov chaw tshiab rau qhov chaw muaj neeg nyob; cov neeg pom lawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya thiab kaum cuaj. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob hauv kev tsim kho loj yuav tshwm sim. Ua ntej, "Baltic Russia" - los ntawm Sosnovy Bor thiab Ust-Luga mus rau Kingisepp. Tshooj lus no tsis muaj, tau tsa los ntawm kev pab cuam, cov haujlwm tau tsim muaj nyob ntawm no, thiab qhov chaw kawg ntawm Nord Stream 2 yog nyob. Ib lub nroog ntawm hom tshiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm no - qhov qis-nce, ua ke nrog xwm. Cov cheeb tsam tshiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus txuas nrog Europe thiab Asia - cov no yog Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kazan. Ib lub hauv paus tshiab ntawm Russia tuaj yeem tsim muaj.

Tab sis kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, kuv xav hais txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Rau kuv, qhov kev sib tham no tsis yog hais txog kev hloov pauv hom kev txhim kho, thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj cai vaj tsev. Nws yog hais txog kev nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab. Tseeb, niaj hnub no tsis yog tsuas yog kev lag luam, ib puag ncig lossis teeb meem ntawm thaj chaw, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam kev kub ntxhov, suav nrog kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Thiab tus qauv vaj tsev tshiab yog ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov kev kub ntxhov no. Thawj theem, peb hais tias peb yog homo planeticus, ib tug txiv neej planetary uas npaj nws lub neej raws li qhov xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - hais tias muaj ib tug Lavxias teb sab txoj kev ntawm lub neej, uas yog txawv los ntawm txhua leej txhua tus. Piv txwv li, koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev ntoo tab sis high-tech hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj, koj muaj koj tus kheej sauna. Noj zaub mov noj qab nyob zoo, muaj tsev neeg muaj zog, ua lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab lwm yam. Koj sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm tib neeg lub siab nyiam thiab tib lub sij hawm koj tsis sib nrauj los ntawm kev vam meej. Kev tshawb nrhiav tus qauv tshiab ntawm lub neej tau dhau los ua ib txoj haujlwm kev vam meej.

PRESIDENT TAM SIM NO YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS KEV PAB CUAM RAU HAUV 2024

Hauv RUSSIA ob peb lub sij hawm tsawg dua cov neeg nyob hauv tib neeg lub tsev nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm lub teb chaws

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