Yuav ua li cas Gorbachev tsim ib qho khoom noj khoom haus tsis txaus

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv lub pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union, kwv yees li 95 feem pua ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub rhawv. (Kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov ntawm lub xeev yog xam lav ntawm 80 feem pua).

Yog lawm, nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, tsis muaj zaub ntsuab txaus, sausages, sausages los yog cheese nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam; rau nqaij ntawm tus nqi pheej yig txawm rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, koj yuav tsum tau sawv nyob rau hauv queues. Tab sis yuav luag txhua yam tuaj yeem yuav ntawm bazaar lossis "tau" los ntawm hauv qab lub txee ntawm tus nqi ob lossis peb npaug. Tsuas yog tej zaum pineapple-bananas thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawv teb chaws. Yog, muaj ib qho tsis txaus, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tau tshaib plab (tag nrho cov tuag ntau dua).

Txawm tias nyob rau xyoo 1987, kev tsim khoom noj tau nce sai dua li kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem thiab cov nyiaj ua haujlwm. Kev nce hauv kev tsim khoom hauv kev sib piv nrog xyoo 1980 hauv kev lag luam nqaij yog 135 feem pua, hauv kev lag luam butter thiab cheese - 131, hauv kev lag luam ntses - 132, hmoov nplej thiab cereals - 123. Tag nrho cov khoom noj ua lag luam ua haujlwm ntawm lub peev xwm thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.. Tab sis twb nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1988, txawm nyob rau hauv Moscow, los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg nyob ntawm cov nroog nyob ze thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub lag luam mus ncig ua si coj tawm txhua yam lawv muaj peev xwm "tau", daim coupons tshwm sim. Tsis ntev nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem yuav ib yam dab tsi uas siv lawv. Tib neeg tau ua haujlwm hauv kab rau hnub, hu xov tooj txhua peb teev. Peb yuav luag sib ntaus sib tua thiab xav tsis thoob: txhua yam tam sim ntawd mus qhov twg, txoj cai mus haus luam yeeb?

Tsuas yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem kos: qhov tsis txaus tau tsim tawm, thiab tsis yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev faib khoom. Thiab qhov pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no: Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1992, Gaidar's "kev kho mob poob siab" tau pib, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2, cov khw muag khoom noj tau puv lawm. Txhua txhua hnub, cov nqi khoom noj tau nce qee zaum ntau dua 30 feem pua. Nws yog ib qho mob rau tsev neeg cov peev nyiaj. Yog tias ua ntej "kev kho mob" rau 10 rubles, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem yuav qhob cij, mis nyuj, qe thiab zaub ntsuab (txawm tias tom qab kab), tom qab ntawd rau 10 rubles koj tsuas tuaj yeem yuav qhob cij.

"Muaj ib daim ntawv: kev hais lus ntawm yav tom ntej thawj tus tswv nroog ntawm Moscow, Gavriil Popov, ntawm Interregional Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Pab Pawg, uas nws tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo li no nrog zaub mov, kom cov zaub mov raug muab nrog daim coupon," said. Yuri Prokofiev, Thawj Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Moscow City Committee ntawm CPSU nyob rau hauv 1989-1991 -x xyoo: "Yog li ntawd nws aroused lub indignation ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab lawv ua tawm tsam lub Soviet tsoom fwv."

Yuri Luzhkov, tom qab ntawd tus "tus thawj tswj hwm" ntawm Moscow, piav qhia txog kev cuam tshuam uas tau pib raws li hauv qab no. Hais tias, "peb tuaj yeem muab cov nqaij ntau ntxiv rau Moscow kom txog thaum qhov kev thov txaus siab, tab sis sab pem hauv ntej rau unloading cov tub yees seem tsis tso cai. Vim tsis muaj txoj kev nkag mus tau txaus, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los rub lub tub yees.”

Cov Democrats-cov pov thawj tau kov los ntawm qhov kev sib tham no: tib txoj kev, dhau los ntawm kev ua phem rau hauv bureaucratic thiab provocations, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1917, cov neeg ywj pheej tau tsim kev cuam tshuam hauv kev muab khoom ntawm Petrograd txhawm rau rhuav tshem Nicholas II. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Moscow pawg tau tsim los tawm tsam sabotage. Naive enthusiasts nkag mus rau lawv nrog ib tug yooj yim lub tswv yim: cov tub yees seem nrog cov nqaij khov tuaj yeem muab ncaj qha rau ntawm txoj kev nkag ntawm Moscow loj factories. Piv txwv li, Khrunichev chaw foob pob hluav taws, uas muaj txog 80,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, rauj thiab Sickle metallurgical cog thiab Moskvich nrog 20,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm. collectives thiab lwm yam. Cov koom haum ua lag luam yuav tau faib txhua yam, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshem tawm txhua yam, tab sis tsis yog. Nrog rau cov tswv yim zoo li no, tsis yog ib kilogram ntawm nqaij yuav tau txais rau cov neeg muag khoom. Tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis paub tias nws yog chav kawm tshiab ntawm cov tub lag luam duab ntxoov ntxoo uas tau tu los ntawm perestroika.

Cov kev txwv no txhob txwm ua rau muaj kev xav sib cais. Cov neeg raug qhia tias tag nrho lawv cov teeb meem yog vim lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv TV yeeb yam "600 Seconds" nyob rau hauv 1989-1991, nws tau tsis tu ncua qhia tias cov tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov nkag mus rau ob lub nroog pov tseg cov khoom "coupon" rau hauv kwj dej, vim lawv tsis raug tso cai rau hauv lub nroog.

“Cov khoom xyaw tuaj nrog nqaij thiab butter. Cov txiv neej yuav unload, raws li ib txwm, cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntawm txoj kev, lawv tau hais tias: "Koj muaj nyiaj rau koj, tawm mus kom koj tsis txhob nyob ze," Nikolai Ryzhkov, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm USSR xyoo 1985-1990. Nws yog thawj tus neeg txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas Boris Yeltsin, uas tau siv zog rau tib lub hwj chim, txhawm rau kom tsis lees paub nws tus neeg sib tw Gorbachev, tau nres 26 ntawm 28 lub tsev luam yeeb uas twb muaj lawm rau "kho" hauv ib hnub.

"Los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj, cov nyiaj khaws cia kub ntawm Soviet Union tau muab pov tseg rau kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws," ua tim khawv Mikhail Poltoranin, ex-tus thawj coj ntawm xov xwm thiab tus txhawb nqa hnyav ntawm Yeltsin, uas tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm nws tsoomfwv: "Kub. ntws txawv teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm " txawv teb chaws", "native" feem ntau tau muab … Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Leningrad, Riga los yog Tallinn ships twb loaded nrog pheej yig pub nplej, skirted Spain thiab tim Nkij teb chaws los ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab tuaj rau Odessa nrog "ntsuas" mov nplej ntawm $ 120 ib ton."

Cov tswv lag luam ua lag luam qhib. Cov neeg pib tawm mus rau lub squares nrog anti-Soviet slogans. Nws yog qhov kev tawm tsam no uas cov Democrats tau sim ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho perestroika.