Cov neeg Askiv lees paub tias Vajntxwv Arthur yog ib tug tub huabtais Lavxias

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tus legendary Vajntxwv Arthur, uas yog tus qauv ntawm Western European chivalry, yog ib tug tub huabtais Lavxias teb sab uas tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Askiv nrog nws retinue hauv kev pom zoo nrog Roman huab tais Marcus Aurelius. Cov lus qhia zoo siab no tau ua los ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv nto moo Howard Read.

Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntev thiab Great Britain, Fabkis thiab Russia, Reed tuaj mus rau qhov xaus hais tias King Arthur yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub Sarmatian steppes ntawm yav qab teb Russia.

Nto moo rau lawv cov neeg siab tawv thiab cov neeg caij nees, cov pab pawg no tuaj rau Danube thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua ob thiab ntsib nrog cov neeg Roman legionaries.

Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev sib tham ntev, Rome tau tswj kom nrhiav tau ib hom lus nrog lawv thiab cov tub rog ntawm "barbarian" tub rog raug coj mus rau hauv imperial kev pab cuam. Xyoo 175 los ntawm N. H. L. txog rau txhiab tus tub rog Lavxias tuaj txog ntawm Albion. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub archives ntawm St. Petersburg Hermitage, Howard Reed nrhiav tau ntau lub cim los ntawm faus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, coinciding nrog cov qauv ntawm cov banners nyob rau hauv uas cov tub rog ntawm legendary huab tais Arthur tiv thaiv.

Thiab ntawm no yog lwm qhov:

Tus Vaj Ntxwv Legendary Arthur yog Sarmatian!

Nws tau raug sau rau ib lub sij hawm ntev uas cov cim nrov ntawm chivalric novels muaj keeb kwm qauv. Daim duab ntawm tus huab tais yog charismatic dhau los ua qhov tseeb tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus tub rog loj ntawm Britons, uas tau tswj hwm thiab coj kev tawm tsam rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Germans ntawm cov Islands tuaj, muaj nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Welsh bards, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm Latin chronicles txog lub conquest. ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th.

Tau ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntseeg tias muaj qee yam "Bear", uas yog tus koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Saxons ntawm Mount Bado Hill hauv 516, ua tus qauv ntawm tus huab tais legendary. Lub hauv paus rau cov kev xav no feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv Welsh " dais" yog "artos" uas, raws li cov kws txawj, yog etymologically ze rau lub npe Arthur. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus historians qhia qhov kev xav no. Yog li, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntseeg tias tus Vaj Ntxwv Arthur tiag tiag yog neeg Loos, thiab nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe Roman thaum ub Artorius, hloov los ntawm Celts. Muaj lwm yam, ntxiv, cia peb hais, kab txawv txoj kev xav. Tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv Howard Reid tiag tiag hais tias Vajntxwv Arthur yog neeg Lavxias, qhov tseeb dua, ib tug Rus uas tau dim ntawm Roman kev poob cev qhev thiab, los ntawm txoj hmoo, los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg Askiv. Lub version yog, ntawm chav kawm, xav paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yeej ib txwm zoo siab kom paub tias txawm nyob deb teb chaws Askiv muaj cov kws tshawb fawb uas ntseeg siab tias tus huab tais legendary ntawm Celts yog peb pab pawg neeg. Tab sis hmoov tsis, Reid's version tsuas yog ib qho version xwb. Ntxiv mus, raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm Western European thiab Lavxias teb sab historians qhia, ib tug Sarmatian yuav zoo los ua tus qauv ntawm legendary King Arthur. Txawm tias tag nrho cov zoo li qhov zoo heev ntawm cov theories, muaj ntau qhov chaw txaus rau lawv. Lub npe ntawm huab tais - Arthur (Arthur) raws li cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub npe ntawm Sarmatian hnub ci deity Arthuron, uas txhais tau tias "hluav taws ntawm lub hnub". Muaj lwm cov lus sib npaug sib luag. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, piv txwv li, muaj txhua qhov laj thawj los ntseeg tias Sarmatian cataphracts tau ua tus qauv ntawm Knights ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham, nrog rau cov tub rog medieval feem ntau. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg Loos hu ua tus hnyav Sarmatian, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tub rog Alanian. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog cov cataphractaries uas txiav txim siab tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov riam phom knightly thiab tactics ntawm equestrian sib ntaus sib tua rau ntau pua xyoo tom ntej. Txiav txim rau koj tus kheej. Qhov no yog li cas ancient historians piav txog lub zog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cataphracts:

“… Lawv txhua tus zaum ntawm lawv cov nees zoo li cov mlom, lawv cov ceg ceg tau hnav nrog cov ris tsho uas haum raws li cov duab ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lawv npog caj npab los ntawm dab teg mus rau lub luj tshib thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau lub xub pwg, thaum phaj armor tiv thaiv lub xub pwg nyom, nraub qaum, thiab hauv siab. Lub taub hau thiab lub ntsej muag tau npog nrog lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub ntsej muag hlau, uas ua rau lawv cov neeg hnav zoo li tus pej thuam, vim tias txawm tias tus ncej puab thiab ob txhais ceg, thiab cov lus qhia ntawm ob txhais ceg, tau npog nrog cov cuab yeej. Nws txuas nrog lub carapace los ntawm cov saw hlau zoo nkauj, zoo li cov ntaub, kom tsis muaj ib feem ntawm lub cev pom lossis tsis pom, vim tias cov ntaub qhwv no tiv thaiv ob txhais tes thiab yoog raws li cov neeg hnav tuaj yeem khoov lawv cov ntiv tes."

Raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm Tacitus, ib tug historian uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua II AD, lub armor ntawm cataphractarius yog hnyav heev uas tus tub rog uas raug tsoo los ntawm nws tus nees tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Sarmatian scale armor nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog saw mail muaj nyob rau hauv lub XIV xyoo pua. Cov knights 'tsuas yog ntxiv rau nws yog daim ntaub thaiv, kev siv uas tau suav tias yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los ntawm cov neeg qub Sarmatians. Lawv tiv thaiv cov Sarmatians thiab lawv cov nees nrog armor. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lawv ntsia "… zoo li tej yam hlau txiv neej los yog ib tug tsiv forged pej thuam."

Raws li cov riam phom tseem ceeb, cov cataphracts siv ntev, mus txog 3 - 3, 5 meters hmuv, uas tau txuas rau lub caj dab thiab pob tw ntawm tus nees nrog txoj siv dav dav, yog li tso cai rau tus neeg caij tsheb yooj yim coj nws ntawm nws tus kheej txiav txim siab. Thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua pib, lawv, nyob rau hauv zoo li ib tug armored ram nyob rau hauv ib tug wedge, tsoo rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho gallop, inflicting ib tug crushing tshuab rau nws. Ntxiv mus, lub zog ntawm lub tshuab yog li ntawd, raws li cov neeg ua pov thawj, nrog ib tug hmuv tus cataphractarian feem ntau pierced los ntawm ob tus neeg sib tw nrog daim thaiv thiab armor. Ib tug sib npaug sib tsoo riam phom nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm cov Sarmatians yog ib tug ntev, tshaj ib 'meter', ob txhais tes ntaj, uas lawv feem ntau siv tom qab nws ua tsis tau tejyam siv hmuv nyob rau hauv tuab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Tsis yog cov neeg Loos thiab cov Celts tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li no thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li ntawd, pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua II AD, lub teb chaws Ottoman pib txaus siab ntiav detachments ntawm hnyav Sarmatian cavalry, armored los ntawm ib tug armada uas swept thoob plaws lub teb chaws ntawm Western Europe. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Roman, cov Sarmatians, thiab tom qab ntawd cov Alans, tau mus rau Gaul, Normandy, ntawm ntug dej Rhine, thiab mus txog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv, qhov chaw uas lawv expeditionary quab yuam mus txog 5,000 hnyav hnyav horsemen. Nws yog thaum ntawd, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, hais tias Iranian heroic dab neeg, dab neeg thiab kab lis kev cai tuaj rau Western Europe, uas tom qab tsim lub voj voog ntawm cov lus dab neeg txog King Arthur.

Tseeb, Iranian motifs nyob rau hauv lub voj voog Arthurian yog heev pom. Cov no suav nrog cov phiaj xwm nrog Grail, uas cov tub rog ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham tau nrhiav. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias lub cult ntawm Dawb Huv Grail originated nyob rau hauv medieval teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab muaj Christian keeb kwm. Tab sis, raws li nws hloov tawm, lub cult ntawm ib tug dawb huv thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tej yam yees siv khob ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej keeb kwm yog ib tug feem ntau Iranian lub tswv yim, rooted nyob rau hauv lub Scythian los yog txawm Aryan lub sij hawm.

Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev pib ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Arthur dais nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej undoubted Iranian cim. Knightly novels hais tias yav tom ntej huab tais muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj nws txoj cai ntawm dominion nyob rau teb chaws Aas Kiv tsuas yog tom qab nws ob zaug rub tawm los ntawm hauv qab pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub thaj ntawm cov khawv koob ntaj Excalibur, muab tso rau ntawd los ntawm sorcerer Merlin.

Lub caij no, rau cov neeg Iran thaum ub, ib rab ntaj daig rau hauv av, lub roob ntawm brushwood lossis pob zeb ua tus mlom ntawm tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab yeej. Lub tsar, nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev xav, tau suav hais tias yog ib qho chaw nyob ntawm Vajtswv. Yog li ntawd, cov Sarmatians ntseeg hais tias rab ntaj dawb ceev tsuas yog tuaj yeem nqa los ntawm tus neeg uas nws cov ntshav muaj koob muaj npe ntws. Uas yog tag nrho reflected nyob rau hauv cov zajlus nrog Excalibur. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Arthur, tsis muaj ib tus neeg thov tuaj yeem pab dawb rau qhov no tsis tuaj yeem rub nws tawm hauv qab pob zeb.

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, saum toj no, cov lus tshaj tawm ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm tus huab tais legendary ntawm Britons muaj nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Welsh bards thiab Latin chronicles ntawm lub xyoo pua 6. Muaj tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, Arthur tseem tsis tau yog ib tug huab tais, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug tub rog thawj coj ntawm cov Britons. Lub npe ntawm tus huab tais, zoo li lub laurels ntawm ib tug ntseeg tsim txiaj, yog "tsim" rau nws ntau tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 8th. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, tus tub rog siab tawv thiab tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws Arthur, raws li cov lus dab neeg, tau coj los ntawm ib pab tub rog zoo - tub sab tub sab ntawm cov neeg siab phem, "nto moo", los ntawm txoj kev, tsis tsuas yog yeej ntawm Saxons, tab sis kuj. banal tub sab thiab tub sab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Tus cwj pwm coj ncaj ncees ntawm Arthur tseem nyob deb ntawm canonical hauv cov paj huam. Raws li tag nrho cov tib bards, nyob rau hauv nws tus cwj pwm ob leeg knightly ncaj nraim thiab nobility, thiab siab phem heev, mus txog bloodthirstiness, kuj ceeb ua ke. Uas, raws li historians, qhia tus hero lub barbaric keeb kwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Koom Txoos Christian tsis nyiam Arthur. Uas, nyob rau hauv dav dav, yog heev to taub. Lub neej ntawm cov neeg dawb huv Askiv piav qhia hauv qee qhov kev nthuav dav yuav ua li cas lub neej yav tom ntej "tus Tswv tus tub rog" ntawm cov dab neeg knightly hauv nws lub neej tiag tiag nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg robbed Christian pawg ntseeg thiab monasteries. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, los ntawm txoj kev, nws ua raws li nws tsis zoo li tus qauv ntawm tus huab tais legendary yog cov ntseeg, thiab yog li ntawd yog Roman. King Arthur tsis yog Celtic. Thiab yog vim li cas. Cov Celts nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj lawv tus kheej lub teb chaws zoo tub rog tub rog. Tab sis nws tau muaj los ntawm Sarmatians uas tseem nyob hauv cov kob tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman los ntawm Tebchaws Askiv hauv 407. Sab laug rau lawv tus kheej, cov Sarmatians, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm ntev tau hu ua Alans, sai sai hloov mus rau hauv ib tug formidable quab yuam. Coj los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg aristocracy, lawv koom nrog kev nyiag thiab tawm tsam Anglo-Saxons invading, maj mam assimilating rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv zos. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas xav tsis thoob hauv qhov tseeb tias Celts, pom nyob rau hauv Sarmatians ntuj phooj ywg nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam Germans, yooj yim saws lawv cov tub rog tactics, raws li zoo raws li heroic dab neeg thiab myths xwb, hloov lawv nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Lawv tau txais los ntawm Sarmatians lub npe ntawm lawv cov thawj coj legendary Arthur, muab nws ib tug niaj hnub daim ntawv - Arthur thiab ua rau nws lawv tus kheej. Ib yam li lub npe ntawm Sarmatian haiv neeg Alans (uas, raws li linguists, originates los ntawm Indo-Iranian "aryana" - Aryans), cov Celts nws thiaj li hloov mus rau ib lub npe zoo Alan (Allan), uas yog heev nrov nyob rau hauv Western Europe..

Hauv kev xaus, kuv xav ntxiv cov hauv qab no. Hmoov tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm ua hauj lwm, nws yog ib tug tshiab los yog ib tug tsab ntawv tsa suab, outdated tswv yim txog cov Scythians thiab lawv cov kwv tij Sarmatians raws li barbarians, qus nomads, deprived ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm sab ntsuj plig, tseem replicated. Thiab tseem qhov no yog kiag li tsis yog li ntawd. Cov Scythians thiab Sarmatians uas ua tiav lawv muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, cov cim ntawm kev cuam tshuam uas pom nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no ntawm Tebchaws Europe, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Thiab qhov kawg. Tam sim no, txoj kev xav hais tias cov Russians yog Sarmatians - Roksolans (Lub Teeb Alans) los yog Rukhs-Ases (Light Ases) yog nrov heev, uas txhais tau hais tias cov version ntawm Englishman Reid tej zaum tsis deb ntawm qhov tseeb.