Marijuana, opium thiab cocaine - UN daim ntawv qhia tshuaj

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2019, UN thiab European Union tau tshaj tawm "cov ntaub ntawv qhia tshuaj". Lawv piav qhia txog kev noj los ntawm lub teb chaws thiab hom tshuaj, cov cai siv tshuaj ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv hauv 2017-2018. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb tau npaj los ntawm United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm 108 lub teb chaws hauv Europe, Asia, Africa, Americas thiab Oceania. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm European tau npaj los ntawm EU Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj - nws suav nrog 28 EU cov tswvcuab, nrog rau Norway thiab Turkey. Tus kws sau ntawv rau Babel, Sergei Pivovarov, ua tib zoo nyeem ob tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Marijuana tseem yog cov tshuaj siv dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, hauv Asmeskas thiab Africa - qhov teebmeem ntawm hluavtaws opioids, hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev siv yeeb tshuaj yeeb dawb thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj hluavtaws "designer" yog loj hlob. Ukraine tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.

Marijuana

Cannabis tseem yog lub ntiaj teb cov tshuaj siv dav tshaj plaws, nrog txog 188 lab tus tib neeg siv nws tsawg kawg ib zaug. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias ntau thiab ntau lub teb chaws tag nrho lossis ib feem raug cai yeeb tshuaj xas.

Cannabis tau loj hlob sab nraum zoov ntawm qhov loj dua li hauv tsev. Kev nce qib hauv kev cog qoob loo thiab kev yug me nyuam hauv kaum xyoo dhau los tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj psychoactive tseem ceeb, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tau nce ob npaug.

Raws li kev lag luam raug cai rau cannabis tau tsim, ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam cannabis tau tshwm sim. Cov no yog cov concentrates siab hauv THC, khoom noj thiab kua nrog ntxiv cannabis; hluavtaws cannabinoids - niaj hnub no muaj ntau tshaj 180 hom; cannabis tshuaj thiab lwm yam khoom.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv tshuaj maj tau loj hlob tshwj xeeb hauv North America, qhov twg kev lag luam cannabis rau kev kho mob lossis kev siv tus kheej tau raug cai hauv Canada thiab tshaj 30 lub xeev Asmeskas. Cannabis tseem tseem yog cov tshuaj siv dav tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Raws li EU Narcotics Agency, kwv yees li 17.5 lab tus neeg nyob hauv EU cov tswvcuab xeev ntawm hnub nyoog 15 txog 34 xyoo tau siv cannabis xyoo tas los.

Thiab tus nqi ntawm cannabis seized twb poob qis heev - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv North America, txawm hais tias nws tseem yog cov coob ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.

Cocaine

Raws li UN Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj thiab Kev Ua Phem, xyoo 2017 kev cog qoob loo ntawm coca thiab kev tsim yeeb yaj kiab tau nce mus txog qib 1.9 txhiab tons (qhov no yog 25 feem pua ntau tshaj li xyoo 2016). Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug ntes tau yeeb tshuaj tseem loj tuaj: xyoo 2017, cov tub ceev xwm los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau ntes cov ntaub ntawv 1,200 tons.

Kev siv yeeb tshuaj maj mam nce ntxiv hauv North America, Oceania thiab thaj chaw ntawm South America, thiab tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv hauv thaj chaw Asia thiab West Africa.

Nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab Central Europe, cov yeeb tshuaj xas tau dhau los ua cov tshuaj thib ob tshaj plaws tom qab cannabis. Hauv 2017, nws tau siv los ntawm kwv yees li 2.6 lab tus tib neeg hnub nyoog 15 txog 34 xyoos. Hais txog kev nthuav dav ntawm cov nroog European, Bristol, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Lisbon, Paris, Milan, Copenhagen thiab Berlin yog cov thawj coj.

Lub koom haum EU Narcotics thov kom "uberize" kev lag luam yeeb dawb - nws yog muag los ntawm cov ntawv thov rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes, hauv kev tes hauj lwm, ntawm kev lag luam darknet.

Opioids

Ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom UN piav qhia txog cov kab mob opioid hluavtaws hauv North America thiab Africa. Fentanyl yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv Asmeskas

siv

Ib qho hluavtaws opioid siv hauv tshuaj rau tshuaj loog thiab kho mob, xws li cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav. Fentanyl yog 25-50 npaug zog dua tus heroin thiab 50-100 npaug zog dua morphine. Nws feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, tab sis nws tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb lossis snorted.

thiab nws cov derivatives. Hauv xyoo 2017, ntau dua 47 txhiab tus neeg tuag vim kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm fentanyl tau sau tseg hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab plaub txhiab tus neeg tuag hauv tebchaws Canada.

Sab hnub poob, Central thiab North Africa muaj teeb meem rau lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob opioid, tramadol. Raws li UN, nws raug tsim tawm tsis raug cai hauv South Asia, los ntawm qhov chaw nws mus rau Africa thiab cov tebchaws nyob ze thiab Middle East. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais tias "tramadol tau siv rau nws cov tshuaj sedative thiab txo qhov mob los txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws, lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau txo qhov xav tau ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab txo qis qab los noj mov." Qhov ntim ntawm tramadol seized thoob ntiaj teb tau nce los ntawm tsawg dua 10 kilograms hauv 2010 mus rau 125 tons hauv 2017.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, opioids muaj feem me me ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog cov muaj zog semi-synthetic opioid heroin.

Synthetic tshuaj

UN cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws xws li amphetamine, methamphetamine thiab ecstasy yog muaj nyob rau hauv North America, East thiab Southeast Asia.

Ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm EU Narcotics Agency hais txog lub luag haujlwm loj hlob ntawm Tebchaws Europe hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hluavtaws. Hauv 2017, 21 MDMA lub chaw soj nstuam raug rhuav tshem hauv Netherlands ib leeg

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob semi-synthetic amphetamine compound, cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ecstasy. Kev tsim khoom, khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev faib tawm ntawm MDMA yog kev ua txhaum cai hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog Ukraine.

piv rau 11 lub chaw kuaj mob hauv xyoo 2016. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj MDMA txeeb tau mus txog cov ntaub ntawv 6.6 lab. Kev tsim cov tshuaj methamphetamine yog concentrated hauv Czech koom pheej thiab ciam teb thaj tsam ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze. Thiab nws cov khoom siv tau nce hauv Cyprus, East Germany, Spain, Finland thiab Norway. Nws ua raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom tias Qaib Cov Txwv tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev faib cov tshuaj hluavtaws. Lawv txeeb tau 8,6 lab MDMA ntsiav tshuaj, 6, 6 tons ntawm amphetamine, 658 kilograms ntawm methamphetamine - ntau dua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov European Union.

Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog cov tshuaj psychoactive tshiab - "cov tshuaj tsim tawm". Yog hais tias lub ntiaj teb no qauv qhia tau hais tias ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab nrhiav pom thawj zaug, ces nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe qhov opposite yog muaj tseeb. Nyob rau hauv 2018 ib leeg, 55 cov tshuaj psychoactive tshiab tau pom thawj zaug hauv European Union, coj lawv tag nrho mus rau 730.