Kub ntawm Bactria - cov khoom muaj nqis loj ntawm Afghanistan

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv 1978, ib qho kev tshwm sim sensational tshwm sim, uas tau txais ib tug loj resonance thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Kev ntoj ke mus rau Soviet-Afghan, nqa tawm kev khawb hauv Afghanistan, poob nthav tau pom cov khoom muaj nqis, yog ib qho kim tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, uas tau kwv yees tus nqi loj heev!

Tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, uas plunged lub teb chaws mus rau hauv chaos thiab tsis meej pem, nrog rau qhov kawg kev foob pob thiab kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim, cuam tshuam cov hauj lwm ntawm archaeologists thiab coj mus rau lub fact tias cov nrhiav tsis tau cov khoom muaj nqis mysteriously ploj mus …

Background rau qhov sensational nrhiav

Cov lus xaiv hais txog kev nplua nuj ntawm Bactria, ib lub xeev muaj zog uas yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman ntawm Alexander lub Great, tau nthuav tawm rau lub sijhawm ntev, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg paub qhov twg los nrhiav lawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, Soviet engineers koom nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug natural gas teb nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ib lub qhov rau ib tug gas pipeline, nrhiav tau ntau shards los ntawm ntau lub nkoj. Archaeologists, tom qab ua ntxiv excavations, pom hais tias thaum ub thiab mysterious Bactria ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, thiab tom qab ntawd active archaeological ua hauj lwm pib ntawm no nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi, uas kav mus txog kaum xyoo. Lub ruins ntawm lub nroog qub nrog cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv muaj zog tau tshwm sim hauv qab cov xuab zeb …

Golden toj

Nyob rau hauv 1978, excavations pib nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ib tug ntawm cov me me toj, nyob rau hauv ntau yam nyob ib ncig ntawm. Lub npe ntawm lub roob no tau muab los ua yaj saub - Tillya-Tepe (Golden Hill).

Nyob rau hauv nws, archaeologists nrhiav tau xya lub faus thaum ub, txog 2000 xyoo, thiab uas tau hloov mus rau tag nrho, uas yog tsis tshua muaj heev thaum lub sij hawm. Thaum thawj qhov faus tau qhib, txhua leej txhua tus tsuas yog dumbfounded los ntawm cov duab zoo heev uas tau tshwm sim ua ntej lawv ob lub qhov muag - qhov seem ntawm qhov faus tau muab zais rau hauv ib lub pob loj loj uas zoo kawg nkaus, txawj tua, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tus naj npawb ntawm 3000.

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tsib qhov faus ntxiv, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv kuj tau ntim rau hauv lub brim nrog jewels, tag nrho cov uas mus txog 20,000, thiab qhov hnyav yog ntau tshaj li rau tons. Qhov kev xav pom tau raug hu ua "Gold of Bactria." Thiab txawm hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov graves lawv tus kheej yog qhov qub, lawv cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau cov crowns ntawm lub taub hau ntawm faus, qhia meej tias lawv yog vaj ntxwv faus, thiab, feem ntau. tej zaum, zais cia.

Cov lus xaiv ntawm qhov kev xav tau pom tam sim ntawd tsis yog thoob plaws lub tebchaws, tab sis kuj thoob ntiaj teb.

Ib tug tiag tiag pilgrimage pib mus rau lub excavation site, cov tub rog tau raug hu mus rau kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tswj loj tshaj plaws yog tsim rau tag nrho cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv excavation. Cov tswv cuab ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm tsis tau npaj txhij rau qhov ntim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm. Txoj haujlwm tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm kev xav tsis thoob, nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas zoo thiab nrawm nrawm. Thiab nws zoo li hais tias los ntawm qab txhua tsob ntoo ib tug neeg lub qhov muag tau raws lawv. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tseem ploj mus. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, yuav luag tag nrho lawv tau suav, yees duab, rov sau dua, muab ntim rau hauv hnab yas, kaw thiab xa mus rau Kabul. Dab tsi tsis muaj - golden crowns dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pearls thiab turquoise, bracelets, rings, rings, nyees khawm, pendants, buckles … Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm tsis paub masters nrog txawj carved cov duab ntawm tib neeg, cupids, tsiaj, nroj tsuag, paj, ntoo.

Viktor Ivanovich nco qab tias: "Ib tug Turkmen tuaj rau kev khawb thiab cia li zaum ntawd. Kuv nug: "Vim li cas koj tsis ua haujlwm?" Thiab nws hais tias: “Kuv tus poj niam ncaws kuv tawm. Lub toj no, Tillya Tepe, sawv ntawm kuv thaj av. Thiab kuv tus poj niam hais tias: "Ntawm no peb tau nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem tag nrho peb lub neej, thiab koj muaj xws li wealth nyob rau hauv koj txhais taw!"

Txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis

Qhov teeb meem tsis tau mus txog rau xya lub faus, huab cua twb tsis hnov tsw ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lub ntoj ke mus kawm nres ua hauj lwm. Thiab thaum los nag pib, ob lub ntxa ntxiv tau nthuav tawm. Cov tub ceev xwm tau muab rau lawv. Tab sis tom qab muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv 1979, thaum peb cov tub rog raug coj mus rau hauv Afghanistan, txoj hmoo ntawm cov ntxa no tsis paub. Cov kws tshawb fawb, sim khaws cov khoom muaj nqis, tau hais kom coj lawv mus rau lub tebchaws Soviet ib ntus lossis lwm lub tebchaws nruab nrab, tab sis Thawj Tswj Hwm Najibullah tsis kam. Tom qab peb cov tub rog tawm mus, kev tsov kev rog hauv Afghanistan txuas ntxiv mus. Qhov kev foob pob tawg tau ua rau National Museum ntawm Kabul thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Palace, uas nyob hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab thaum kawg ploj mus hauv lub tebchaws no. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias lawv tau muab zais rau hauv kev cia siab tias yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim, thiab tau muab zais zoo heev uas tom qab xyoo tsis muaj leej twg paub tias lawv nyob qhov twg, txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev xav txog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Cov Taliban, uas tau los ua hwj chim xyoo 1992, tau sim nrhiav cov khoom muaj nqis, tab sis kuj ua tsis tiav. Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi hais tias: “Thaum cov neeg Taliban los muaj hwj chim, lawv pib nrhiav qhov kub no. Lawv tau hais tias nws tau khaws cia hauv Kabul Bank. Tab sis lub txhab nyiaj kev ruaj ntseg tuaj nrog ib zaj dab neeg rau cov Taliban: lawv hais tias, muaj tsib tus neeg thiab tsib tus yuam sij, tag nrho tsib tus neeg no tau tawm hauv ntiaj teb no, thiab qhov chaw nyab xeeb nrog kub qhib tau tsuas yog thaum tag nrho tsib tuaj ua ke …"

Tsis pom kev

Thaum xyoo 2000s, cov xov xwm zoo siab tau tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb - pom cov khoom muaj nqis! Lub sijhawm ntawd, tau sim ua hauv Afghanistan kom pom cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub xeev lub txhab nyiaj zais cia hauv tus thawj tswj hwm chaw nyob. Thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb depositories nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub palace, Bactrian treasures tau npaj txhij txog pom, uas rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm raug suav hais tias irretrievably ploj. Thaum lub sij hawm qhib lub chaw cia khoom nyob rau hauv 2004, Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi kuj yog tam sim no raws li ib tug kws tshaj lij, uas tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis - nws muaj nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes cov hnab yas heev uas nws tus kheej tau muab khi ib zaug. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2004, ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo tom qab kev tshawb pom, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau nthuav tawm rau lub ntiaj teb. Thiab txij li xyoo 2006, "Gold of Bactria" exhibition tau ua tiav mus rau ntau lub teb chaws thiab tau pom hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws tsis paub tias lawv puas yuav tshwm sim hauv Russia.