Nazis cob qhia Soviet cov menyuam yaus-saboteurs rau dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, lub German txawj ntse kev pab cuam ntawm lub thib peb Reich (Abwehr) muab pua pua ntawm Soviet cov me nyuam mus rau hauv saboteurs - lawv muab cov menyuam yaus raug kaw rau hauv cov neeg ua phem phem uas ntxub lawv lub tebchaws.

Hauv kev xam phaj tshwj xeeb rau Zvezda TV channel, tub rog keeb kwm, tus neeg sib tw ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb Dmitry Viktorovich Surzhik tau hais txog cov ntsiab lus tsis paub yav dhau los thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm Bussard.

"Nyob rau hauv Abwehrgroup-209, ntawm cov pab pawg txawj ntse ib txwm muaj, kev cob qhia sabotage kuj tseem muaj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas hluas hnub nyoog 11-14 xyoo. Los ntawm cov me nyuam Slavic uas poob lawv niam lawv txiv, cov Nazi fanatics sim tsa monsters aims ntawm robbing thiab tua lawv compatriots, "hais tias historian.

Kev xaiv ntawm yav tom ntej saboteurs, los yog "hawkers" raws li cov Germans hu lawv, tau ua hnyav. Ua ntej, ib pawg ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj lub cev loj tshaj plaws tau raug xaiv. Ces, piv txwv li, ib tug stick ntawm hnyuv ntxwm tau muab pov rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm pab pawg neeg no. Cov me nyuam tshaib plab pib sib ntaus sib tua rau ib tug tidbit, tus yeej thiab cov nquag "sib ntaus sib tua" raug coj mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv reconnaissance. Cov kev xav nom tswv thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm Soviet cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis txaus siab rau cov tub ceev xwm German txawj ntse. Cov Nazis ntseeg tias tom qab qee qhov kev cob qhia txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev muaj zog, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav dhau los ua tus pab cuam ntawm Third Reich, tiag tiag "buzzards".

Abwehr txoj kev ua haujlwm qee zaum ntsib teeb meem tsis tau pom dua. Ntawm no yog dab tsi tus qub pab rau Yu. V. Andropov, General General ntawm KGB Nikolai Vladimirovich Governors, qhia txog qhov no nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv SMERSH tawm tsam Bussard: khi.

Lawv sim rhais tus tub txoj hlua khi, tab sis nws, nrog cov lus: "Tsis txhob kov nws, nquab!" nws tuav tes ntawm ib tug saib xyuas nrog nws cov hniav, tus so ntawm cov txiv neej maj mus rau nws pab. Tus tub tau nug nws lub npe. Lub daredevil teb nrog meej mom - Viktor Mikhailovich Komaldin. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Nazis tsis tau tso tseg lawv txoj kev siv zog thiab cov peev txheej los rov qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas "nyuaj".

"Lawv tau nyob hauv thaj chaw yos hav zoov ntawm lub taub hau ntawm 'Bussard' Bolz. Cov kws qhia los ntawm Dawb emigrés thiab cov tub ceev xwm German txawj ntse tau koom nrog kev cob qhia kev xav, txhawb lawv txoj kev nqhis dej rau kev lom zem thiab ua rau lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev tso cai thiab txawm tias muab nqi zog rau yam uas yav tas los zoo li txaj muag lossis txaj muag. Cov menyuam yaus raug kev puas tsuaj, ua rau lawv ua txhaum cai uas ntxub lawv lub tebchaws thiab tib lub sijhawm extol txhua yam German. Ua li no, lawv tsis tu ncua coj mus ncig ua si rau "tus qauv" German nroog, chaw tsim khoom thiab ua liaj ua teb," hais tias tub rog keeb kwm Dmitry Surzhik.

Ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab nyob rau hauv pab neeg uas muab Soviet cov me nyuam mus rau hauv "hawkers" yog tus thawj tub rog ntawm Abwehr Yuri Vladimirovich Rostov-Belomorin, aka Kozlovsky, aka Yevtukhovich. Tus tub ntawm ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tsarist pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub txhais tes ntawm NKVD. Nov yog qhov nws hais txog nws tus kheej thaum ib qho ntawm kev nug:

"Thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1941, kuv raug xa mus rau General Directorate ntawm Reich Security, mus rau SS thiab SD, qhov twg, tom qab kev kuaj xyuas zoo thiab kev kuaj mob, kuv tau qhia rau SS General Standartenfueher Six. Los ntawm nws kuv kawm tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev txiav txim ntawm Hitler thiab nyob rau hauv lub coj ntawm Himmler, nws tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj Sonderkommando "Moscow". Nws yuav tsum, ua ke nrog cov tub rog siab heev, tawg mus rau hauv Moscow, txeeb cov tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tog thiab lub xeev lub cev, thiab tseem ntes lawv cov thawj coj uas tsis muaj sij hawm los khiav tawm ntawm lub peev. Pawg A ntawm Sonderkommando yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog cov haujlwm no. Pawg B yuav tsum tawg lub Lenin Mausoleum thiab lub Kremlin. Kuv haum txhua qhov kev xav tau thiab tau tso npe rau hauv pab pawg A."

Kev ua haujlwm "Moscow" tsis tau tshwm sim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Yevtukhovich, ib tug txiv neej ua tub rog tau txais kev cob qhia ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Soviet tsis muaj tsev nyob thiab menyuam ntsuag, sim tig lawv mus rau "buzzards."

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub tswv yim no muaj nws lub zog: ua ntej, kev nplua nuj ntawm cov menyuam yaus txoj kev - muaj txog li 1 lab tus menyuam yaus txoj kev hauv thaj chaw nyob hauv Soviet ib leeg. Qhov thib ob, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov neeg laus (cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Soviet thiab cov tub rog). Thirdly, - kev paub los ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej qhov chaw ntawm lub lag luam thiab, fourthly, kev siv ntawm ib tug me nyuam, unsettlement psyche, craving rau taug txuj kev nyuaj. Tseeb tiag, leej twg yuav xav tias cov txiv neej uas taug kev los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau lossis chaw nres tsheb tiag tiag tau tso cov mines hauv qab cov tsheb ciav hlau lossis muab pov rau hauv cov tsev khaws khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob?”Dmitry Surzhik hais.

Misha thiab Petya mus rau SMERSH

Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 30 txog 31, thiab tom qab ntawd hmo ntuj ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 1, 1943, ob lub cav German lub dav hlau tau hloov pauv ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Orsha. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kaum tus tswv cuab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Bussard ntawm cov rooj zaum hlau tawv.

Txhua "sarych" muaj lub kaus mom hlau tom qab nws nraub qaum, thiab hauv nws lub hnab duffel - peb daim ntawm cov khoom tawg, cov khoom noj rau ib lub lim tiam thiab 400 rubles ntawm txhua tus. Qee qhov chaw hais tias txhua tus hluas saboteur kuj tau muab ib lub raj mis vodka. Tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Rau qhov rov qab hla ntawm kab pem hauv ntej, cov menyuam yaus-saboteurs tau muab sau nrog lo lus zais hauv German: "Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tam sim xa mus rau 1-C". Tus password tau muab qhwv rau hauv ib lub hnab roj hmab nyias thiab sewn rau hauv pem teb ntawm nws lub ris. Lub parachute poob tau ua ua khub.

Thaum sawv ntxov lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1943, ob tug tub hluas uas txawv txav tau mus txog "SMERSH" lub chaw saib xyuas kev txawj ntse ntawm Bryansk pem hauv ntej, uas nyob hauv lub nroog Plavsk, cheeb tsam Tula. Tsis yog, lub ntsiab lus tsis yog li cas lawv hnav - qias neeg tunics, cov ris tsho pej xeem … Lub ntsiab lus yog tias lawv tau nqa parachutes hauv lawv txhais tes. Cov tub hluas muaj kev ntseeg siab tau mus cuag tus tub txib thiab hais kom tso lawv tam sim ntawd, vim tias lawv yog German saboteurs thiab tuaj yeem tso siab rau.

Ob peb teev tom qab ntawd, ib tsab xov xwm tshwj xeeb raug xa mus rau Moscow, rau Pawg Kws Tiv Thaiv Xeev (GKO), nrog rau daim ntawv "Comrade Stalin".

Cov lus tshwj xeeb. Tsis pub twg paub

"Lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1943, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg "SMERSH" ntawm Bryansk pem hauv ntej tau mus xyuas los ntawm: Mikhail Kruglikov, 15 xyoo, yug hauv Borisov, BSSR, Lavxias, kev kawm qib 3, thiab Marenkov Peter, 13 xyoo, ib txwm nyob ntawm Smolensk cheeb tsam, Lavxias teb sab, kev kawm qib 3. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tham thiab nug cov tub ntxhais hluas, nws tau tsim muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv sabotage rau cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 12-16, tsim los ntawm German tub rog txawj ntse Abwehr. Rau ib hlis, Kruglikov thiab Marenkov, ua ke nrog ib pawg ntawm 30 tus neeg, kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no, uas yog deployed ntawm ib tug yos hav zoov dacha, 35 km ntawm lub roob. Kassel (Lub teb chaws Yelemees yav qab teb). Ib txhij nrog Krutikov thiab Marenkov, lwm 27 saboteurs-cov tub ntxhais hluas raug pov rau hauv peb lub nraub qaum nrog txoj haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv Moscow, Tula, Smolensk, Kalinin, Kursk thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov Germans tab tom sim rhuav tshem peb lub nkoj nkoj nrog cov kev ua phem ntawm kev ua phem thiab yog li cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov tub rog ua ntej ntawm Western, Bryansk, Kalinin thiab Central fronts. Lub taub hau ntawm Counterintelligence Department SMERSH ntawm Bryansk Front, Lieutenant-General NI Zheleznikov.

Thaum Stalin tab tom nyeem cov lus no, Misha Kruglikov thiab Petya Marenkov, ua ke nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab tom nrhiav rau cov neeg saboteurs ntxiv hauv hav zoov. Stalin qhov kev tawm tsam rau cov xov xwm txawv txawv no yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Nov yog qhov KGB General General Nikolai Gubernatorov tshaj tawm: "Yog li, lawv raug ntes! Leej twg? Me nyuam! Lawv yuav tsum kawm, thiab tsis mus kaw. Yog tias lawv kawm tau, kev lag luam puas tsuaj yuav rov qab los. Sau tag nrho lawv thiab xa mus rau lub tsev kawm khoom siv tes ua. Thiab qhia txog qhov txaus ntshai rau peb cov kev sib txuas lus mus rau Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Xeev."

Txij lub Tsib Hlis 31, 1941, lub luag haujlwm txhaum cai rau kev ua txhaum cai hauv USSR pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos. Yuav luag txhua tus me me saboteurs ntawm Abwehr tuaj yeem raug rau txim loj, thiab tsuas yog Stalin qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ncauj tau cawm cov menyuam yaus txoj sia.

Yuav ua li cas SMERSH yos hav zoov "hawkers"

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1943, tau tsaws nyob ze ntawm lub zos pawg sab laj ntawm Timsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kursk cheeb tsam, Kolya Guchkov tau siv hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob thiab thaum sawv ntxov mus rau muab tso rau NKVD. Nyob rau tib hnub, lwm tus tub rog tub rog, kaum plaub-xyoo-laus Kolya Ryabov, raug coj mus rau Oboyansk koog tsev kawm ntawv lub chaw haujlwm ntawm UNKGB, uas tuaj yeem tso rau hauv ib pab tub rog uas sawv ze ntawm lub nroog Oboyan. Thiab nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 6, 1943, tus thib peb saboteur Gennady Sokolov tuaj rau lub Directorate ntawm NKGB ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub Kursk cheeb tsam, mus rau lub nroog ntawm Kursk. Ib qho ntawm thawj zaug tso rau cov tub ceev xwm yog Vitya Komaldin, tus uas tsis xav koom nrog cov thawj coj khi hauv German kev txawj ntse.

"Txawm hais tias muaj kev ntxhov siab tas li thiab kev hem thawj ntawm kev tuag, cov txiv neej tsis mloog cov neeg invaders. Tag nrho cov tub hluas tau lees txim rau lub cev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab pab txheeb xyuas Hitler tus neeg saboteurs, "hais tias tub rog keeb kwm Surzhik.

Yog li, SMERSH fighters yeej tsis tau siv riam phom. Tag nrho 29 tus neeg ua phem ua tsis tiav tau tuaj lees txim.

Explosives - "coal"

Cov khoom tawg tau raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg raug ntes tsis txawv ntawm qhov "coal". Txoj kev loj hlob tawg tshiab German tau dhau los ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nruj tshaj plaws. Thiab nws muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev:

"Ib thooj ntawm tawg yog ib qho hnyav dub tsis zoo, zoo ib yam li cov thee, muaj zog heev thiab muaj cov cemented thee hmoov. Qhov no sheath yog siv rau ib tug net ntawm twine thiab tooj liab hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub plhaub yog lub khob noom cookie loj, nyob rau hauv uas yog muab tso rau ib tug pressed dawb khoom, zoo li lub tog raj kheej, qhwv nyob rau hauv liab-daj parchment daim ntawv. Lub hau detonator txuas rau ib qho kawg ntawm cov khoom no. Nyob rau hauv lub detonator cap yog clamped ib seem ntawm lub fuse-cord nrog qhov kawg txuas mus rau hauv cov dub loj. Cov khoom zoo li khob noom cookie yog gelled tawg, muaj 64% RDX, 28% TNT thiab 8% pyroxylin. Yog li, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau tsim tias qhov tawg no yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov khoom tawg uas muaj zog, hu ua "hexanite", uas yog cov riam phom tua hluav taws ua haujlwm hauv ntau hom rauv taws. Thaum lub plhaub yog ignited los ntawm qhov chaw, lub explosive tsis ignite, vim ib tug tseem ceeb txheej ntawm lub plhaub (20-30 mm) yog ib tug zoo-insulating txheej uas tiv thaiv ignition. Thaum lub plhaub kub hnyiab mus rau txheej uas lub fuse-cord nyob, tom kawg ignites thiab tawg thiab deformation ntawm lub cub tawg yog tsim. " (Los ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom mus rau lub taub hau ntawm lub Main Directorate ntawm counterintelligence "SMERSH" V. Abakumov).

Kev Ua Haujlwm Bussard 1943-1945

Txawm hais tias qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Bussard thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943 (tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tub rog Soviet echelon los ntawm cov menyuam yaus-saboteurs tau sau tseg), Abwehr txuas ntxiv nws cov haujlwm txhaum cai.

"Hauv xyoo 1944, lub tsev kawm tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua phem tau txav mus ze rau pem hauv ntej: ua ntej mus rau thaj chaw nyob ib ntus ntawm Belarus, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazi cov tub rog, mus rau Poland. Tam sim no cov me nyuam (ntawm ntau haiv neeg: Lavxias teb sab, Belarusians, Gypsies, cov neeg Yudais) tau recruited nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam lub concentration camp nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog Lodz. Tam sim no lawv txawm coj cov ntxhais hluas, "hais tias Dmitry Surzhik, Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb.

Tab sis lub Soviet tub rog counterintelligence SMERSH los ntawm lub sij hawm no twb paub txhua yam txog Bussard. Kev hlub cuam tshuam rau hauv txoj kev npaj insidious. Thaum pib ntawm 1943, lub taub hau ntawm cov me nyuam lub tsev kawm ntawv sabotage, ib tug dawb émigré, Yu. V. Rostov-Belomorin tau ntsib N. V. Mezentseva.

"Tus tub ceev xwm Soviet txawj ntse ntxias cov neeg tawg rog Dawb ntawm kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Mezentseva tau mus rau cov neeg koom nrog, nqa nrog nws 120 tus neeg laus hloov siab lees txim Bussard cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm cov tub rog liab qub tub rog raug kaw. Cov kws paub txog kev txawj ntse A. Skorobogatov (kev ua haujlwm pseudonym - "Weaver") xa los ntawm SMERSH infiltrates "Bussard" los ntawm Rostov-Belomorin thiab thaum pib ntawm 1945 coj tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv sabotage mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog liab ua ntej, suav nrog cov hluas. menyuam. Lawv tau xaus rau hauv SMERSH counterintelligence department ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, "hais tias ib tug tub rog keeb kwm.

Cov menyuam yaus-saboteurs tom qab tsov rog

Txoj hmoo ntawm "saryches" "recruited" los ntawm Abwehr tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb ntawm NKVD ntawm lub USSR.

Lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb ntawm NKVD ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab: "Tau tawm raws li kev rau txim rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev kaw ua ntej thiab tso tawm ntawm kev saib xyuas." Ib txhia ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas raug xa mus rau cov menyuam yaus raug yuam ua haujlwm camp (ITL) txog thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog. Thiab tsuas yog ob peb - cov neeg uas tau tawg thiab tua tiag tiag, tau txais cov kab lus txij li 10 txog 25 xyoo.

Txoj hmoo ntawm qee tus ntawm lawv tau ua raws li Major General N. V. Cov tswv xeev: Thaum tab tom nrhiav thoob plaws lub tebchaws rau tus kws tshaj lij zaj dab neeg thiab accordion player Pasha Romanovich, kuv pom nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Moscow, tab sis, hmoov tsis, tsis pom nws ciaj sia. Lub txiaj ntsim Vanya Zamotaev, tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws txiv saws, raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv Suvorov, kuv nrhiav tau nws nyob rau hauv Orel, tab sis, ces vim muaj mob kuv poob khiav.

Kuv tus phooj ywg, ib tug neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Kursk, Vladimir Prusakov, muaj hmoo dua. Nws tswj kom nrhiav tau ib co ntawm cov hais mav los ntawm thawj cam khwb cia - 1943. Los ntawm nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm, kuv tau kawm tias Volodya Puchkov rov qab los tsev rau Moscow, qhov chaw nws nyob nrog nws tsev neeg. Dmitry Repukhov kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum tom qab tsov rog thiab coj ib tug kev tsim kho kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Sverdlovsk. Thiab Petya Frolov, tau txais kev tshwj xeeb ntawm ib tug kws ntoo nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam lub colony, ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tsob nroj nyob rau hauv Smolensk."