Nyhav caliber. Cov riam phom uas sib tw lub tank hnyav ntawm Wehrmacht

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Xya caum tsib xyoos dhau los, thaum pib lub Yim Hli 1943, Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Xeev ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab txais plaub yam khoom siv tub rog ib zaug rau Red Army.

Cov tub rog tau mus rau lub tank hnyav IS-1, 152-mm howitzer D-1, phom tus kheej SU-122 thiab SU-152. Cov riam phom no tsis muaj zog rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab ntau yam kom zoo dua ntawm German Tigers, Panthers thiab Ferdinands, thiab tso cai rau Soviet tankers los tua cov Panzerwaffe zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib npaug. Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm "zoo kawg nkaus plaub" - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv RIA Novosti.

IS-1

IS-1 (lwm lub npe - IS-85, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm rab phom caliber) yog, qhov tseeb, ib tug sib sib zog nqus Modernization ntawm lub KV-1 thiab KV-1S hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam, uas yog xyaum impenetrable rau German anti-tank artillery ntawm pib ntawm tsov rog. Kev sim ntawm lub tshuab tau ua txij lub Peb Hlis 22 txog Lub Plaub Hlis 19, 1943 thiab tau ua tiav tiav. Cov thawj coj tau txiav txim siab tias IS-1 tso tsheb hlau luam, nrog qhov qis qis, ua tau zoo tshaj lawv cov neeg ua ntej ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam lub zog thiab ceev. Lub ntsiab armament ntawm lub tank yog D-5T 85mm cannon. Nyob rau lub Ib Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis 1944, tib rab phom tau pib nruab rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab T-34-85 - cov tsheb uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij tub rog, suav nrog rau sab hnub poob, ua lub tank zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

© Duab: Public domain

Tank qauv IS-1

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias IS-1, txawm hais tias nws nrhiav tau ib tug dynasty ntawm tshiab Soviet armored tsheb, tsis tau muab rau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 130 lub tank ntawm hom no tau tsim, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1944. IS-1 khaws cia hits los ntawm 88-millimeter cannons ntawm "tiers" zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv armor thiab firepower tseem tsis muaj. Yog li ntawd, rov qab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943, IS-1's "ideological successor", IS-2, nrog 122mm D-25T phom, tau txais yuav. Lub tank no tau tawm tsam sib npaug nrog cov "roj huab tais" ("tiger-II") thiab tau dhau los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho lwm cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov khoom hnyav zoo sib xws ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler lub teb chaws.

D-1

Lub hwj chim thiab txawb 152-mm D-1 howitzer tau txais los ua ib qho kev hloov rau qhov zoo-pov thawj, tab sis outdated thiab hnyav dhau M-10 qauv ntawm 1938, uas tau txiav tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941. Ua ntej, cov phom carriage yog complex heev. Qhov thib ob, Tub Rog Liab tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tsheb laij teb uas muaj peev xwm rub tau rab phom 4.5-tuj sai txaus rau txoj kev hauv tebchaws. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, D-1 yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov thawj coj thiab yuav luag ib tuj sib dua.

© RIA Novosti / Emmanuel Evzerikhin

Lub roj teeb ntawm 152-mm D-1 howitzers ntawm 1943 qauv hluav taws kub ntawm cov tub rog German tiv thaiv. 3rd Belorussian pem hauv ntej

Cov riam phom tshiab tau nquag siv nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1944-1945. Lawv raug ntaus los ntawm kaw txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub entrenched thiab openly nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab manpower, fortifications thiab barriers. D-1 tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua roj teeb thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov yeeb ncuab nyob ze tom qab. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom tua tus kheej hauv kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, cov artillerymen tau ntim cov pob zeb tho rau hauv lub howitzer thiab tua hluav taws ncaj qha. Soviet artillerymen txaus siab rau qhov tseeb, txhim khu kev qha thiab yooj yim rau siv riam phom. Thiab tsis tsuas yog Soviet cov neeg. D-1 howitzers tau ua haujlwm nrog kaum lub tebchaws. Ntxiv mus, kwv yees li 700 phom yog nyob rau hauv chaw cia khoom hauv Russia hnub no. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov foob pob tawg 152-mm 53-OF-530, tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1930, tuaj yeem raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tib lub caliber. Thiab yog tias muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, cov qub tub rog cannons yuav mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim muaj mos txwv txaus.

TSW-122

Raws li txoj cai, SU-122 tus kheej-propelled artillery mount tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943, tab sis nws tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm rov qab rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942. Lub tsheb tau txhim kho rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ntau qhov tsis zoo raug tshem tawm. SU-122 yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov phom tiv thaiv tus kheej-tsim phom tsim nyob rau hauv USSR, tau txais kev tsim khoom loj, yog li nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv lub siab. Cov txheej txheem no tau siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm xyoo 1943, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov phom tus kheej tau siv zog thiab siv tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kom txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tsuas yog ib daim qauv ntawm SU-122 tau muaj sia nyob - hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Armored hauv Kubinka.

CC BY 3.0 / Mike1979 Russia /

Tus kheej-propelled phom SU-122 ntawm Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Armored Riam phom thiab khoom siv hauv Kubinka

Lub ntsiab armament ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom yog M-30S phom - kev hloov kho ntawm M-30 phom 122-mm divisional howitzer ntawm 1938 qauv. Kev tua hluav taws ncaj qha mus txog 3.6 kis lus mev, qhov no yog qhov txaus los tua cov yeeb ncuab lub tsheb loj armored yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv nws cheeb tsam. Tus qauv BP-460A cumulative projectile pierced armor nrog ib tug tuab ntawm ntau tshaj 100 millimeters ntawm txoj cai kaum. Ntawd yog, txawm tias "tus Tsov" tuaj yeem raug ntaus rau hauv pliaj, ib txwm muaj, nrog rau kev txawj ntse thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg coob, txij li cov armor ntawm SU-122 nws tus kheej tsis tas yuav tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam.

TSW-152

Qhov hnyav nws tus kheej-propelled artillery unit SU-152, ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub KV-1S tank thiab nruab nrog ib tug haib 152-mm howitzer ML-20S, yog ib tug ntau ntawm ib tug ua phem riam phom tshaj li ib tug anti-tank riam phom nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua.. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom self-propelled no tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "St. John's wort" vim yog vim li cas. Nws qhov kev tshwm sim tau tshwm sim ua ntej kev lees paub rau hauv kev pabcuam - thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943 ntawm Kursk Bulge. Tsuas yog 24 SU-152s tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis lawv pom lawv tus kheej ntau dua qhov tsim nyog. Ntawm cov qauv uas muaj nyob rau hauv Soviet armored tsheb, tsuas yog SU-152 tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog cov tshiab thiab niaj hnub German tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom nws tus kheej ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua.

CC los ntawm 3.0 / Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-154-1964-28 / Dreyer /

Tus kheej-propelled artillery mount SU-152, Lub yim hli ntuj-September 1943

Yog li, cov neeg coob ntawm Major Sankovsky, tus thawj coj ntawm ib qho ntawm SU-152 roj teeb, ua tsis taus kaum tus yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam hauv ib hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov Kursk sib ntaus sib tua, hnyav self-propelled phom puas thiab puas 12 "tsib tsov rog". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias txheem armor-piercing shells tsis ib txwm nkag mus rau cov hlau ntawm German tsheb hnyav. Tab sis txawm tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm 152 mm high-explosive fragmentation mos txwv feem ntau txaus los ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov khoom siv yeeb ncuab. Lub SU-152s uas muaj sia nyob rau xyoo ua tsov ua rog tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Soviet hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, tsawg kawg txog xyoo 1958.