Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm ib txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm cov yas decomposition

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav tau ib yam khoom uas decomposes yas hauv ob peb hnub. Lawv npaj yuav tsom mus rau lawv cov kev siv zog rau kev txhim kho ntxiv - lawv twb muaj tswv yim yuav ua li cas kom ceev cov decomposition los ntawm ib qho ntawm 100.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib qho enzyme uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov yas, thiab nws ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nrog lub hwj yas. Qhov kev ua tiav no yuav pab daws cov yas loj loj uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb ua qias tuaj. Lawv tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv phau ntawv Journal Proceedings ntawm National Academy of Sciences.

Xyoo 2016, cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov yas tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg hauv Nyij Pooj. Cov txheej txheem, uas feem ntau siv sijhawm ntau pua xyoo, coj lawv ob peb hnub. Tam sim no cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov enzyme uas lawv siv rau qhov no, thiab ua ke nws. Thaum pab pawg tau sim cov enzyme, nws tau tig los ua cov khoom siv polyethylene terephthalate (PET) uas siv hauv lub raj mis haus txawm tias zoo dua li qub.

"Nws tau pom tias peb txhim kho cov enzyme. Peb xav tsis thoob me ntsis, "hais tias xibfwb John McGehan ntawm University of Portsmouth hauv UK. "Qhov no yog qhov kev tshawb pom tiag tiag."

Ua li no, cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias lawv yuav tuaj yeem txhim kho nws, ua kom nws ua haujlwm sai dua.

"Peb cia siab tias yuav siv cov enzyme no los rhuav tshem cov yas rau hauv nws cov khoom thiab tom qab ntawd siv lawv dua los ua cov yas. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yuav tsis muaj roj ntau ntxiv thiab yuav txo tau cov yas hauv ib puag ncig, "McGeehan sau tseg.

Txog ib lab lub raj mis yas raug muag txhua feeb hauv ntiaj teb. Tsuas yog 14% ntawm lawv tau ua tiav. Ntau tus so xaus rau hauv dej hiav txwv, ua rau muaj kuab lom txawm tias qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub neej hauv hiav txwv thiab - muaj peev xwm - cov neeg siv khoom noj nqaij nruab deg.

McGehan piav qhia tias "Cov yas yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev degradation," McGehan piav qhia.

Niaj hnub no, lub raj mis uas tau siv dua tshiab yog siv los tsim cov opaque fibers uas ua cov khoom siv rau khaub ncaws thiab ntaub pua plag. Tab sis ua tsaug rau kev siv cov enzyme, lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua lub raj mis yas tshiab, tshem tawm qhov xav tau los tsim cov yas ntau dua.

McGehan tau hais tias "Peb yuav tsum nyob nrog qhov tseeb tias cov roj raug nqi tsawg, yog vim li cas PET ntau lawm pheej yig," McGehan tau hais. "Nws yooj yim dua rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov yas ntau dua li sim rov ua dua nws."

Pib nrog, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov enzyme uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm Nyiv. Ua li no, lawv tau siv lub pob zeb diamond synchrotron, uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov X-rays muaj zog, uas ua rau nws pom tau tias cov qauv ntawm ib tus neeg atoms. Cov enzyme tau pom tias zoo ib yam li cov kab mob uas feem ntau siv los rhuav tshem lub ntuj polymer cutin, cov quav ciab uas feem ntau npog daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov enzyme thaum kawm nws txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho hauv nws lub peev xwm degrade yas.

McGehan hais tias "Nws yog kev txhim kho me ntsis 20%, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog lub ntsiab lus," McGehan hais. - Dab tsi tshwm sim qhia tau hais tias cov enzyme tseem tsis tau ua kom zoo dua. Qhov no muab lub sijhawm rau peb siv tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis uas tau siv los txhim kho lwm cov enzymes ntau xyoo thiab tsim cov enzyme uas ua haujlwm ceev ceev."

Ib qho kev txhim kho tau yog los hloov cov enzyme rau cov kab mob extremophile uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab tshaj 70 ° C - nws melts PET, thiab hauv daim ntawv molten nws decomposes 10-100 zaug sai dua. Qee cov fungi kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas degradation, tab sis cov kab mob yooj yim dua los siv rau kev lag luam.

Cov kab mob uas tam sim no hloov zuj zus hauv ib puag ncig tuaj yeem siv los tua lwm hom yas, McGehan tau hais. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov yas nyob hauv dej hiav txwv, cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm thauj cov kab mob uas noj cov yas rau cov khib nyiab no.

"Kuv xav tias qhov no yog ib qho kev nthuav dav heev uas qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm siv cov enzymes los tawm tsam qhov teeb meem loj zuj zus," Oliver Jones hais tias. "Enzymes yog non-toxic, biodegradable thiab tuaj yeem tau txais nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov khoom loj."

Wax moth larvae tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov kab mob - lawv tsis ntev los no tau pom tias muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov yas ntawm tus nqi zoo. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo - ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, Federica Bertochini, ib tus neeg nyiam ua beekeeper, tau koom nrog tshem tawm cov kab mob los ntawm cov honeycomb ntawm nws khaus. Bertochini muab cov kab ntsig rho tawm ib ntus tso rau hauv lub hnab khib nyiab tsis tu ncua thiab tom qab ib ntus pom tias tsis muaj larvae.

Bertochini, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Spanish Institute of Biomedicine thiab Biotechnology, tau nyiam qhov tshwm sim thiab ua qhov kev sim tshawb fawb nrog biochemists los ntawm Cambridge. Kwv yees li ib puas larvae raug coj mus, muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas zoo tib yam yuav nyob rau hauv lub khw British, thiab tos kom lub qhov tshwm sim. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, ib puas kab ntsig muaj peev xwm daws tau 92 mg ntawm polyethylene hauv 12 teev.