Cov ntawv txhais li cas? 2. Kev txiav txim siab. Xaus

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thiab dab tsi txog thunderstorm thiab dab tsi yog qhov zoo ib yam nrog nws? Thunderstorm xaus nrog A, thiab xob quaj xaus nrog Kommersant. Peb tau pom zoo tsis quav ntsej ib qho kos npe, thiab muaj laj thawj zoo rau qhov ntawd. Thiab ntawm no txhua tus tib "A", tom qab tag nrho, yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tsis quav ntsej qhov no. Tseeb tiag, tsis muaj nqis. Tab sis ua ntej, qhia rau kuv, dab tsi yog qhov "nyuaj kos npe" ua txhaum ntawm, uas nws tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, tab sis tsab ntawv "A" ua tsis tau? Nws yog qhov tsim nyog me me ua ntej ntawm txhua tus. Ua tus thawj tsis yog qhov tsim nyog, ua tus thawj yog lub luag haujlwm. Zoo, cia peb saib.

"A" xaus yuav luag tag nrho cov lus ntawm poj niam txiv neej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "Kommersant" xaus yuav luag txhua tus txiv neej lo lus. "A" ua kom tiav ntau lo lus hauv cov lus sib txawv, thiab qee zaum kuj qhia ntau qhov ntau. Ib qho "kos npe" tuaj yeem khav tau ntawm tib yam, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, mus rau lub heap, nws xaus rau hauv tag nrho cov lus xaus nyob rau hauv tej consonant nyob rau hauv tej declension, thiab muaj ntau ntawm cov consonants, raws li koj nkag siab. Tsab ntawv twg tseem ceeb dua yog lo lus nug loj. Ob qho tib si tseem ceeb, thiab ob qho tib si zoo li ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ob lub cim no tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov lus hauv peb cov lus. Dab tsi lwm cov tsiaj ntawv xaus lus? Obviously, cov no yog tag nrho cov vowels uas tseem tshuav thiab tus kwv tij ntawm "hard sign" - "mos". Cia wb mus saib lawv.

"B" thiab "Kuv" xaus ntau lo lus hais txog poj niam txiv neej. Tsab ntawv "Y" xaus feem ntau ntawm ntau ntau thiab qee cov lus. "O" thiab "E" xaus lus hais txog poj niam txiv neej neuter. Tsis muaj lwm tus. Thaum poob, ntau "U" thiab "U" tshwm sim, tus so tsuas yog hloov ib leeg nyob ntawm daim ntawv, tus lej lossis poj niam txiv neej. Zoo li no:

Nco lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm? Qhov sib txawv ntawm lo lus kawg yog qhov kawg.

Thiab tseem, nco ntsoov, ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv uas xaus cov lus, tsuas yog "b" tau poob rau hauv lub abyss. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, los ntawm qhov no, los ntawm qhov abyss, ib tug mysterious "zero xaus" tshwm sim, uas yog li annoyed nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv xyoo. Txaus siab heev, tsis yog nws? Nws tseem yog qhov nthuav tias qhov "magic npliag kawg" raws li niaj hnub kev cai, nws hloov tawm, kuj yog tom qab "mos kos npe". Cia kuv qhia koj ib yam tam sim no. Hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj tom ntej no, kuv tau hais txog ib feem ntawm cov lus uas hloov nrog declension nyob rau hauv rooj plaub.

Muaj cov txiv neej li oilmen. Roj yog pumped, refined, muag. Petroleum khoom yog siv rau kev tsim khoom, peb refuel lub tsheb. Feem ntau, oilmen koom nrog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov seamstresses ntawm lub Hoobkas xaws khaub ncaws rau peb, peb hnav lawv, peb tsis khov, peb khav rau peb cov phooj ywg. Seamstresses kuj tseem siv tau cov ntxhais, koj tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj lawv. Kuj tseem muaj cov kws tsav tsheb, tsav tsheb, cov neeg muag khoom, kws kho mob, cov neeg cawm siav, beekeepers. Lawv txhua tus xav tau. Txawm tias hu xov tooj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov thawj tswj hwm qis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Cov tub txib qee zaum pab tib neeg tawm hauv lub neej nyuaj. Tab sis koj, txiv neej, linguists, koj ua dab tsi? Koj ua dab tsi yog koj tsis pom NO?

Kuv tsis tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias qee cov lus feem ntau muaj "ѣ" hauv rooj plaub dative. "Yat" yog ib tsab ntawv complex, complex ntawm txhua sab, ntau nyuaj tshaj li "Duab". Tab sis qhov no! Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv tej kev qhia. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem saib tau ntawm lub hom phiaj. Tsuas yog cov dig muag yuav tsis pom, tab sis txawm nws yuav nkag siab tias tag nrho cov no yog ib qho thiab ib feem ntawm lo lus. Qhov hloov ntawm lo lus. Lub morpheme nkaus xwb uas hloov txhua lo lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus, yog qhov kawg. Txawm hais tias, hauv lus Askiv, yog tias nws yooj yim dua rau koj, "flexion" yog " yoog raws", uas yog, muaj peev xwm hloov pauv.

Cia peb ua siab ntev. Okay, tam sim no peb paub tias qhov xaus yog dab tsi. Ua ntej peb sau lawv rau hauv cov cai ntawm peb cov kev txiav txim siab, cia peb tshawb xyuas lawv lub ntsiab lus. Hmoov zoo rau peb, cov lus hauv Lavxias tsis xaus nrog cov lus, uas txhais tau hais tias kev tshawb nrhiav yuav tsis siv sijhawm ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj txiav txim siab tias peb tau muab tag nrho cov lus tso rau ntawm kev ua, thiab tsis muaj ntau qhov kev ua hauv ntiaj teb tiag tiag.

Tsab ntawv a"

Yog tsis muaj ado ntxiv, "A" tuaj yeem coj mus rau "tsim". Leej twg tab sis thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog, thiab nws haum rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. Cia peb nco qab kaum ob lo lus xaus rau hauv tsab ntawv "A", lossis zoo dua, tsuas yog nqa qee lub tsev kawm ntawv rooj plaub loj thiab saib qhov ntawd rau cov piv txwv no hauv txhua kis, poj niam txiv neej thiab tus lej. Tsis txhob tub nkeeg, nrhiav thiab pom. Nrhiav-nrhiav, cov ntawv tsis yog lus nyob, thaum koj tab tom nrhiav, yuav tsis khiav tawm … Peb pom dab tsi? Tag nrho cov lus nyob rau hauv cov lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nominative uas muaj qhov xaus "A" yog cov tswv yim tsim, uas yog, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim ib yam dab tsi. Thaj, yog li ntawd, poj niam txiv neej. Tseeb tiag, tsuas yog cov poj niam muaj peev xwm tsim tau lawv tus kheej zoo nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej thiab tawm ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Nyob deb. Qhov kawg "A" yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov lus nyob rau hauv lub genitive singular. Lawv taw tes rau tib yam, rau kev tsim. Peb tau siv los nug cov lus nug txawv txawv heev rau kev txiav txim siab qhov xaus ntawm rooj plaub genitive "Tsis muaj dab tsi?", Txawm hais tias lub npe ntawm rooj plaub tsuas yog qw: "Niam txiv ntawm leej twg?" Leej Tub "," yug ntawm leej twg? Calf "," Cov tsos ntawm dab tsi? Snow ". Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive, qhov kev txiav txim yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov khoom, qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev yug, zoo li, tsim. Okay, txhua yam haum. Nyob rau hauv lub plural, nws yog tej zaum tsis tsim nyog mus rau hauv lub plural.

Tam sim no cia saib tsab ntawv "U" twb paub rau peb. Nws tsuas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv rooj plaub dative. Muab rau dab tsi? Muab rau leej twg? Yuav ua li cas koj muab ib yam dab tsi rau ib tug neeg yam tsis tau qhia cov ntsiab lus los yog tus neeg nyob hauv? Zoo meej haum!

Tsab ntawv "O" ua qhov xaus

Huab, pas dej, haze, sawv ntxov, hauv qab, ua siab loj. Cov lus txaus siab, txoj cai? Qee qhov kev nkag siab tsis meej tshwm sim los ntawm lawv. Ob yam khoom, lossis cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv tsis meej thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no peb muaj "lub rooj", nrog rau tsab ntawv "O", tab sis lub rooj yog qhov tseeb thiab meej, nyob ntawm no, hauv qab cov keyboard, koj tuaj yeem kov nws. Koj puas tuaj yeem kov cov no? Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas thaum sawv ntxov? Pib nrog, mus txog rau qhov haze, thiab xav tias lub siab tawv. Cov no, yog tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, "yam", nws feem ntau tsis meej tias lawv yog dab tsi. Piv txwv li, "huab" ntab saum ntuj, peb pom nws, yog li hais lus, peb tuaj yeem kov nws ntawm peb lub qhov muag, tab sis nws nyob tas li, nws hloov pauv tas li, txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej nws txawv. Nws belongs rau nruab nrab genus, thiab cov poj niam txiv neej neuter yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nws yog qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm. Tsis yog ib tug los yog lwm tus, mus ib txhis undetermined nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej thiab nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tus soj ntsuam. Qhov no yog qhov tsis paub, tsis meej thiab tsis nkag siab, qee qhov tsis nkag siab, uas muaj nyob hauv ib "tus neeg". Nov yog "Duab".

Xaus "E"

Lwm genus neuter. "Lub plawv", "Tshav", "Tsav", "Hiav txwv", "Run". Nws zoo nkaus li kuv, los yog cov lus no yog ib qho kev ua neej nyob lossis ib yam dab tsi. Tsis txias thiab paub daws teeb li lawv cov kwv tij nruab nrab nrog tsab ntawv "O" thaum kawg. Cov neeg no xav tias qee yam kev ua yeeb yam tsis pom thiab pom kev ywj pheej. Lub plawv, zoo li yog ntaus los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub hnub nws tus kheej ci, thiab lub teb nws tus kheej nyob. Cov dab thiab lub hwj txwv zoo li tau loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej rau cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo. Muaj, hauv cov no, yog tias kuv tuaj yeem hais li ntawd, cov khoom, muaj qee yam ntawm lub cev muaj zog, ua tsaug uas lawv muaj peev xwm "nyob" sib nrug, tsis hais ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov "cov txiv neej" lawv tus kheej tas li, incessant lub neej boils. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab ntawv yog "Yog" lossis "Kuv yog". Qhov no, pom tseeb, txhais tau tias "cov khoom yog" lossis "cov khoom muaj." Zoo, qhov zoo. Cov no … "cov khoom" muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus, sib nrug, ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab heev rau lawv tus kheej yog zoo txaus siab rau qhov no. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntxiv hais txog lawv, txwv tsis pub nws yog txhua yam "ib txwm" rau cov neeg tsis paub tsis paub, tsis meej thiab tsis nkag siab hauv ib "lub ntsej muag". Yog li yuav nws. "E" - muaj, muaj.

"Hard sign", "Soft sign"

Tag nrho txhua yam uas muaj tus consonant kawg hauv cov lus niaj hnub no xaus nrog lub cim ruaj khov. Los ntawm cov npe niaj hnub "stol" rau cov lus qhia thiab cov lus xws li "nashkodil" lossis "kak". Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua noj porridge ntawm no, muaj ntau yam sib txawv los txiav txim siab tag nrho nws cov kev siv, ib tsab ntawv ib zaug. Cia peb saib "b", nws yog ob qho tib si paub ntau dua thiab "softer", thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov paib no, txawm tias sau ntawv, yog qhov txawv txav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua yam uas peb khawb txog "mos kos npe" nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov cim nyuaj.

"Swamp", "Elm", "Ntiaj Teb", "Npau", "Trill", "Stink", "Hlawv", "Txawm yog", "ntshav", "Kub". Dab tsi yog tag nrho cov lus no muaj sib xws? Los peb sib sau ua ke… Tsis yog tsab ntawv yooj yim, nws muaj tseeb. Tab sis tag nrho cov lus no yuav tsum muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws, txij li lawv txhua tus xaus rau tib lub cim. Tej yam khoom uas tsis yooj yim kiag li…Ib txhia cov lus no kuj tsis meej pem thiab elusive, koj puas xav li ntawd? Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, tib yam rau peb txhua tus. Yog li ntawd hais tias "nqaij" yuav hais, thiab txhua leej txhua tus yuav tam sim ntawd qhia tib yam. Tsis yog, tsis yog, raws nraim tib yam. Piv txwv li, thaum peb hais tias "luav", peb txhua tus tam sim ntawd xav txog ib tug luav. Tej zaum txawv luav, tab sis tsawg kawg peb xav txog seb tus luav yog dab tsi. Nws dhia, saib nrog lub qhov muag ntse, tawg carrots, ua ntau yam, ib leeg thiab ua khub. Tab sis koj puas tuaj yeem xav txog "nqaij" li ntawd, lossis "swamp"? Tsis zoo li. Nws txhais tau tias cov no yog dua "cov duab". Auj, qhov teeb meem nrog lawv. Cia peb mus tam sim no thiab.

Tab sis "luav", raws li peb pom, yog qhov tseeb, meej, nkag siab thiab meej rau peb thiab peb tus kheej. Zoo li "stol". Thiab "cov quav". "Dom", "Smoke", "Snѣg", "muzhik", "ntshav", "ntev". Tag nrho cov no yog tej yam yooj yim thiab to taub uas muaj lub ntsiab lus nruj me ntsis, tsis plam los ntawm av nkos thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis ruaj khov. Peb hais tias "raft" thiab tam sim ntawd xav txog ib qho chaw nruj nreem khi los ntawm cav. Lawv ntab rau saum dej. Nws muaj cov cav thiab cov hlua, thiab peb paub yuav ua li cas sib sau ua ke thiab yuav ua li cas. Tab sis peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab "trill" los ntawm cov khoom thiab cov haujlwm? Yog li, lawv txiav txim siab, "b" qhia tias muaj tseeb thiab tseeb. Thiab xws li tsuas yog cov khoom uas npaj txhij rau kev siv thiab siv, cov khoom tsim, cov khoom tiav. Peb twb muaj tsab ntawv "A", uas tsim thiab manifests; nws yuav yog ib qho laj thawj kom muaj ib tsab ntawv uas yuav yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom tiav, "tsim" cov khoom.

Koj puas nco qab dab tsi? Zoo, ces, thaum kawg, cia peb sim txuas ib feem ntawm lo lus "kawg" rau lub decryption system uas peb twb muaj.

"Xov Xwm". Kev txav (G) los ntawm cov txheej txheem (P) cov ntawv (O) "M", tsim los ntawm (b). Hmo. Nws hloov tawm "M" thiab yog tsim, thiab tib lub sij hawm twb tsim. Cas tsis zoo heev, txoj cai? Cia peb sim nrog cua daj cua dub thiab sib piv, tej zaum ib yam dab tsi yuav tawm tuaj.

"Thunderstorm". Movement (G) los ntawm txheej txheem (R) daim ntawv (O) "W", tsim (A). Tam sim no, ntawm no yog nthuav ntau. "Z" yog qhov zoo rau peb, nws yog tsim thiab tsim tam sim ntawd. Yooj yim thiab ncaj. Tab sis qhov no yuav ua li cas? Tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive, lo lus "thunder" kuj yuav sau nrog qhov xaus "A" - "thunder". Cov kev cai sib txawv rau cov ntawv sib txawv, kev ntxub ntxaug dua? Tom qab ntawd vim li cas peb txoj kev xav zoo dua yog tias muaj xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv nws?

Auj yog, peb yog dab tsi. Tom qab tag nrho, "b" thiab "A", cov no yog qhov xaus. Puas yog qhov xaus ntawm ib lo lus hais txog tsab ntawv dhau los? Tsis yog, lawv xa mus rau tag nrho cov ntawv yav dhau los ib zaug, hais txog kev tshawb fawb, cov lus xaus xa mus rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus. Zoo, tom qab ntawd es tsis txhob lo lus hais txog lo lus kawg ua ntej kawg, muab "semicolon", uas yuav qhia tias nws tsis yog hais txog lo lus kawg hauv kab lus, tab sis rau tag nrho kab lus ib zaug. Schematically, peb tsuas yog muab qhov kawg tus nqi sab nraum lub brackets, thiab nws yuav paub meej tias dab tsi yog dab tsi.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab "thunder" yog tsim, nws yog tsim.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm "thunderstorms" yog tsim, nws tsim.

Lub thunderstorm hem txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej. Thunder - tuag thiab ploj, nws yog tsim. Thunder yog ib txheej txheem, thiab xob quaj yog qhov tshwm sim. Thiab nco ntsoov, thiaj li tsis mus tsis meej pem yav tom ntej. Lo lus "thunderstorm" tsis tsim, nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm "thunderstorms". Lo lus "thunderstorm" yog ib lub thawv uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus sib xws ("thunderstorm" thiab "a"), cov no yog ob kab lus uas ua ke nrog lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ua. Zoo li "Masha" thiab "crying".

Hauv tshooj kawg, hauv kev nrhiav kev yooj yim thiab kev nkag siab, peb muab tso tseg, txawm hais tias peb lees paub nws ua tau, ib qho ntxiv ntawm kev sau cov kab lus monosyllabic: "noun + participle." Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov phem dua, thiab hauv ntau qhov kev hwm txawm zoo dua. Zoo siab dua, kuv xav tias. Qhov kev phooj ywg nyob rau hauv lub ligament no tsis yog yam tsis muaj laj thawj, qhov kev koom ua ke sib txuas ua ke ntawm qhov kev ua ntawm cov lus qhia thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm adjective. Tab sis ib tug adjective tsis yog ib tug txhais, nws yog ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom, tab sis nws yog ib txwm ib yam dab tsi ntawm tus kheej, ib yam dab tsi uas peb tus kheej endow lub khoom nrog, thiab yog li cov khoom yuav nyob ze rau peb tshaj tag nrho cov lwm yam, txawm tias zoo sib xws.. Khaws tag nrho cov khoom los ntawm ob feem ntawm kev hais lus, cov neeg koom nrog muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov lus qhia thiab muaj kev lom zem ntau dua li cov npe, cov koom ua ke tsim ib qho chaw. Sib piv: "pob ntab" - "lub pob yog ntab", "qhia Masha" - "Masha quaj".

Tab sis txij li cov neeg koom tau pom zoo dua thiab tib lub sijhawm khaws tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov lus qhia, tej zaum rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nkag siab zoo dua, nws puas tsim nyog hloov lawv tsawg kawg qee zaum? Koj hais tsis tau? Qhia. Thiab kuv nug hais tias, “Lub cim nco txog puas qhia txog kev ua? Qhov kev txiav txim no coincides nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lus qhia los ntawm nws keeb kwm? Puas yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tense ntawm participle coincide nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tense ntawm verb?" Kuv twv tag nrho peb cov lus teb yuav zoo ib yam. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv luv: kom qhia lub ntsiab lus kom meej meej li sai tau thiab tsis poob lub ntsiab lus. Cov koom tes ua txoj haujlwm no nrog rau cov lus qhia. Koj tuaj yeem hais tias "tsim" lossis "tsim". Koj tuaj yeem, tab sis, koj pom, cov koom nrog "tsim" thiab "tsim" tom kawg ntawm kab lus pom meej dua. Thiab tsis txias li cov lus hais kho siab.

"Stol" … Zoo siab txais tos, tus qub.

Tam sim no peb txawm paub tias lub rooj tau tsim los ntawm ib tug neeg, nws tsis yog ib qho duab uas tsis meej tias nws zoo li cas. Qhov no yog lub pob zeb, cov khoom siv nrog lub luag haujlwm kom meej meej thiab cov cai ntawm kev ua tiav, thiab yuav ua li cas raws nraim nws yog qhov thib kaum, cia nws tus creator txiav txim siab. Tus tsim yog tus tsim rau qhov ntawd, cia nws tsim. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb? Yuav kom muaj, rau qhov nws xav tau.

Yog li peb muaj tam sim no: