Lavxias teb sab poj dab uas dag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no: Helena Blavatskaya

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Helena Blavatsky tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib tus poj niam muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Nws hu ua "Lavxias teb sab Sphinx"; Nws qhib Tibet rau lub ntiaj teb no thiab "seduced" Western intelligentsia nrog lub occult sciences thiab Eastern philosophy.

Noblewoman los ntawm Rurikovich

Blavatsky lub npe menyuam yaus yog von Hahn. Nws txiv tau koom nrog Hahn von Rothenstern-Hahn tsev neeg ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm Macklenburg. Raws li txoj kab ntawm nws pog, caj ces ntawm Blavatsky rov qab mus rau tsev neeg huab tais Rurikovich.

Blavatsky niam, novelist Helena Andreevna Gan, Vissarion Belinsky hu ua "Lavxias teb sab Georges Sand". Lub neej yav tom ntej "tam sim no Isis" tau yug los rau hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 30 txog 31, 1831 (raws li qub style) hauv Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk). Hauv nws qhov kev nco thaum yau, nws sau me ntsis: "Kuv thaum yau? Nyob rau hauv nws yog pampering thiab mob ruas ntawm ib sab, rau txim thiab iab rau lwm tus. Kev mob tsis kawg mus txog xya lossis yim xyoo … Ob tug thawj coj - Fab Kis tus poj niam Madame Peigne thiab Miss Augusta Sophia Jeffries, ib tug poj niam laus ntawm Yorkshire. Ob peb tug nais maum … Txiv tub tub rog saib xyuas kuv. Kuv niam tuag thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus."

Blavatsky tau txais kev kawm zoo nyob rau hauv tsev, kawm ntau yam lus thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, kawm suab paj nruag hauv London thiab Paris, yog ib tug nees zoo, thiab kos tau zoo. Tag nrho cov kev txawj ntse no tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws thaum nws mus ncig: nws muab piano concerts, ua haujlwm hauv circus, pleev xim rau thiab ua paj paj.

Blavatsky thiab cov dab

Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Madame Blavatsky txawv ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Nws feem ntau hais rau nws tsev neeg tias nws pom ntau yam tsiaj txawv txawv, hnov cov suab ntawm cov tswb nrov. Nws tau qhuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg Khab uas muaj hwj chim loj, uas tsis tau pom los ntawm lwm tus. Nws, raws li nws, tshwm sim rau nws hauv npau suav. Nws hu nws tias tus Keeper thiab hais tias nws cawm nws dim ntawm txhua yam teeb meem. Raws li Elena Petrovna tom qab sau, nws yog Mahatma Moriah, ib tug ntawm nws cov xib fwb ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Nws tau ntsib nws "nyob" hauv 1852 hauv London's Hyde Park. Countess Constance Wachtmeister, tus poj ntsuam ntawm Swedish Ambassador nyob rau London, raws li Blavatsky, qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham nyob rau hauv uas tus Xib Hwb hais tias nws "yuav tsum tau nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm uas nws yuav ua", thiab hais tias "nws yuav tsum. yuav tsum siv peb xyoos hauv Tibet los npaj rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb no."

Tus neeg taug kev

Tus cwj pwm txav hauv Helena Blavatsky tau tsim thaum nws tseem yau. Vim yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm leej txiv, tsev neeg feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov lawv qhov chaw nyob. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws niam hauv 1842 los ntawm kev noj, kev loj hlob ntawm Elena thiab nws cov viv ncaus raug coj los ntawm nws pog yawg.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, Elena Petrovna tau koom nrog 40-xyoo-laus tus lwm thawj tswj hwm ntawm Erivan xeev Nikifor Vasilievich Blavatsky, txawm li cas los xij, 3 lub hlis tom qab tshoob, Blavatskaya khiav tawm ntawm nws tus txiv. Nws yawg tau xa nws mus rau nws txiv nrog ob tug neeg tuaj koom, tab sis Elena tau khiav tawm ntawm lawv. Los ntawm Odessa ntawm lub nkoj Askiv sailing "Commodore" Blavatsky sailed rau Kerch, thiab ces mus rau Constantinople. Blavatsky tom qab ntawd tau sau txog nws txoj kev sib yuav: "Kuv tau koom nrog txhawm rau txhawm rau ua pauj rau kuv txoj kev tswj hwm, tsis xav tias kuv tsis tuaj yeem txiav qhov kev koom tes, tab sis karma ua raws li kuv qhov yuam kev."

Tom qab khiav tawm ntawm nws tus txiv, zaj dab neeg ntawm Helena Blavatsky txoj kev taug kev pib. Lawv cov keeb kwm yog qhov nyuaj rau rov qab los, vim nws tus kheej tsis khaws cov ntawv teev npe thiab tsis muaj leej twg los ntawm nws cov txheeb ze nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, Madame Blavatsky ua ob lub ntiaj teb no, nws nyob rau hauv Egypt, thiab nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, thiab nyob rau hauv Tibet, thiab nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, thiab nyob rau hauv South America. Xyoo 1873, nws yog thawj tus poj niam Lavxias tau txais kev ua pej xeem Asmeskas.

Theosophical Society

Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17, 1875, Lub Koom Haum Theosophical tau tsim hauv New York los ntawm Helena Petrovna Blavatsky thiab Colonel Henry Olcott. Madame Blavatsky twb tau rov qab los ntawm Tibet, qhov twg, raws li nws tau thov, nws tau txais koob hmoov los ntawm Mahatmas thiab Lamas rau kev hloov ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev paub rau lub ntiaj teb.

Cov hauj lwm rau nws cov creation tau teev tseg raws li nram no: 1. Tsim lub nucleus ntawm Universal Brotherhood ntawm noob neej yam tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg, kev ntseeg, poj niam los txiv neej, caste los yog cov tawv nqaij xim. 2. Txhawb kev kawm txog kev sib piv kev ntseeg, kev xav thiab kev tshawb fawb. 3. Kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov kev cai uas tsis tau piav qhia ntawm Xwm thiab lub zog zais hauv tus txiv neej. Blavatsky tau sau rau hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe hnub ntawd: "Tus menyuam yug los. Hosanna!"

Elena Petrovna tau sau tias "cov tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum khaws tag nrho txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg kev ntseeg thiab, nkag mus rau hauv zej zog, cog lus tias yuav muaj kev zam txim rau tib qho kev cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg. Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntseeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom siab rau qhov tseeb."

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1877, ntawm New York lub tsev luam tawm JW. Bouton tau luam tawm thawj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Helena Blavatsky, Isis Unveiled, thiab thawj tsab ntawm ib txhiab daim ntawv raug muag tawm hauv ob hnub.

Kev xav txog phau ntawv ntawm Blavatsky yog polar. Blavatsky txoj haujlwm tau hu ua "ib qho zaub mov zoo ntawm cov khoom seem" hauv Republican, "khoom khib nyiab pov tseg" hauv Lub Hnub, thiab tus kws tshuaj xyuas New York Tribune tau sau: kev paub txog tus sau”.

Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Koom Haum Theosophical txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, xyoo 1882 nws lub hauv paus tau tsiv mus rau Is Nrias teb. Xyoo 1879, thawj qhov teeb meem ntawm Theosophist magazine tau luam tawm hauv Is Nrias teb. Xyoo 1887, phau ntawv xov xwm Lucifer tau pib luam tawm hauv London, tom qab 10 xyoo nws tau hloov npe hu ua Theosophical Review.

Thaum lub sijhawm Madame Blavatsky tuag, Theosophical Society muaj ntau dua 60,000 tus tswv cuab. Lub koom haum no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau pej xeem kev xav, nws muaj cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub sijhawm, los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom Thomas Edison mus rau tus kws sau paj huam William Yates. Txawm hais tias qhov tsis meej pem ntawm Blavatsky cov tswv yim, xyoo 1975 tsoomfwv Is Nrias teb tau muab lub cim nco txog rau lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub Koom Txoos Theosophical. Lub thwj cim qhia txog lub foob ntawm Lub Koom Haum thiab nws cov ntsiab lus: "Tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab tshaj qhov tseeb."

Blavatsky thiab txoj kev xav ntawm haiv neeg

Ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Blavatsky yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib tw ntawm haiv neeg, ib feem ntawm cov uas tau teev tseg hauv qhov thib ob ntim ntawm Cov Lus Qhuab Qhia zais cia.

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias txoj kev xav ntawm haiv neeg "los ntawm Blavatsky" tau coj los ua lub hauv paus los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Thib Peb Reich.

American historians Jackson Spalevogel thiab David Redles tau sau txog qhov no hauv lawv txoj haujlwm "Hitler's Racial Ideology: Cov ntsiab lus thiab Occult Roots."

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv thib ob ntawm Cov Lus Qhuab Qhia zais cia, Blavatsky tau sau tias: “Tib neeg tau faib meej rau cov neeg uas tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm Vajtswv thiab rau hauv cov neeg qis dua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm Aryan thiab lwm haiv neeg kev vam meej thiab savages xws li South Hiav Txwv Islanders yog unexplained rau tsis muaj lwm yam laj thawj. Lub "Dawb Dawb Huv Spark" yog tsis nyob rau hauv lawv, thiab tsuas yog tam sim no lawv tsuas yog cov qis haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab hmoov zoo - ua tsaug rau cov txawj ntse tshuav nyiaj li cas, uas yog ib txwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia - lawv yog sai tuag tawm."

Theosophists lawv tus kheej, txawm li cas los, sib cav hais tias Blavatsky nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm tsis txhais hais tias anthropological hom, tab sis cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg ntsuj plig dhau.

Blavatsky, quackery thiab plagiarism

Txhawm rau kom nyiam nws txoj haujlwm, Helena Blavatsky tau qhia nws lub zog loj: cov ntawv los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab tus kws qhia ntawv Kuta Humi poob ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm nws chav; cov khoom uas nws tuav hauv nws txhais tes tau ploj mus, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov chaw uas nws tsis nyob txhua qhov.

Ib tug commission raug xa mus kuaj nws lub peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom luam tawm xyoo 1885 los ntawm London Society for Psychical Research, Madame Blavatsky tau hais tias yog "tus neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws, kev txawj ntse thiab kev dag ntxias uas keeb kwm tau paub." Tom qab qhov tshwm sim, qhov chaw ntawm Blavatsky pib poob qis, ntau lub koom haum Theosophical tau tawg.

Helena Blavatsky tus nkauj muam nraug nus, Sergei Witte, tau sau txog nws hauv nws cov ntawv sau tseg: "hais qhov tsis tau pom dua thiab dag, nws pom tseeb, nws tus kheej paub tseeb tias qhov nws hais tiag tiag, nws yog qhov tseeb, - yog li kuv pab tsis tau tab sis hais. hais tias muaj ib yam dab tsi dab nyob hauv nws uas nyob hauv nws, hais yooj yim tias nws yog damn, txawm hais tias, hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug neeg siab mos siab muag, siab zoo."

Nyob rau hauv 1892-1893, novelist Vsevolod Soloviev luam tawm ib tug series ntawm essays ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog Blavatsky nyob rau hauv lub general title "The Modern Priestess of Isis" nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Lavxias teb sab Bulletin". Elena Petrovna hais rau nws tias "Yuav kom muaj neeg, koj yuav tsum dag lawv. - Kuv tau nkag siab cov neeg no ntev dhau los, thiab lawv txoj kev ruam ua rau kuv qee zaum txaus siab heev … Qhov yooj yim dua, stupider thiab rougher qhov tshwm sim, qhov tseeb nws ua tiav." Soloviev hu tus poj niam no "catcher of souls" thiab mercilessly nthuav tawm nws nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws txoj kev siv zog, Paris ceg ntawm Theosophical Society tau tso tseg.

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 8, 1891. Nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tas li - nws haus txog 200 luam yeeb ib hnub. Tom qab nws tuag, nws tau hlawv, thiab cov tshauv tau muab faib ua peb ntu: ib feem tseem nyob hauv London, lwm qhov hauv New York, thiab qhov thib peb hauv Adyar. Hnub nco txog Blavatsky hu ua Hnub Dawb Lotus.