Nuclear physicists yuav tsis qhia koj qhov no. hluav taws xob tiag tiag yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Koj puas tau mus rau Nyiv? Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub nroog loj, loj hlob zuj zus, qhov twg skyscrapers loj hlob zoo li nceb tom qab los nag? Txais tos rau Hiroshima. “Hiroshima yog dab tsi?” Koj nug, “Tom qab tag nrho, Hiroshima yog…” Zoo, tsis ua li cas. Nov yog lwm lub nroog Nyij Pooj - Nagasaki. Koj nyiam nws li cas? Yog, thiab Nagasaki ib yam nkaus … … Tej zaum cov neeg niaj hnub nyob hauv cov nroog no tau txhob txwm dag ntxias, thiab lawv tsis paub dab tsi txog qhov txaus ntshai?

Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj tias lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj hluav taws xob tuag? Tab sis ua ntej hu rau Emergencies Ministry, cia peb nco ntsoov dab tsi peb feem ntau paub txog Radiation? Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj ncees khoom ntawm teeb meem. Lub hnub yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws loj heev uas emits photons nyob rau hauv ntau yam, ions, thiab gamma hluav taws xob, uas yog, hluav taws xob. Lub zog ua kom sov lub ntiaj teb los ntawm sab hauv, los ntawm qhov hu ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb, kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub nuclear lwj ntawm hnyav transuranium ntsiab. Cov hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm av, lub cev muaj sia, thiab qee yam khoom siv kho mob.

Nws hloov tawm tias hluav taws xob ncig peb txhua qhov chaw thiab nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem hnov cov kab lus no: "natural radioactive keeb kwm yav dhau" - qhov chaw nws tsuas yog 15 txhiab ntawm milliRoentgen ib teev, thiab qhov chaw kaum zaus ntxiv, thiab nws tseem suav tias yog "natural". Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ntau dua ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li "natural" cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv dej hauv cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.

Xav txog dab tsi yuav tshwm sim yog tias 209 riam phom nuclear nrog tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm 250 Mt (megatons) tau tawg hauv Russia? Pip koj tus nplaig, koj hais, qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Txawm li cas los xij, koj xav li cas txog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, raws li qhov, nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1949 txog 1963, raws nraim cov xov tooj ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tau tawg rau thaj tsam ntawm Soviet Union? Ntawm no yog lub foob pob Asmeskas, lub npe menyuam yaus "Kid", uas tau poob rau lub Yim Hli 9, 1945 ntawm Hiroshima. Tam sim no muab lub foob pob no 16,600 zaug. Qhov no yog tag nrho lub zog ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam USSR los ntawm 49th mus rau 63rd xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Nws yog zoo li cov British tau tua lawv tag nrho cov arsenal nuclear ntawm 160 warheads ntawm lub uninhabited regions ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Qhov no ua tau li cas? Soviet nuclear kev sim tau tshwm sim ntawm ob qhov chaw sim loj tshaj plaws hauv Semipalatinsk thiab Novaya Zemlya. Piv txwv li, qhov chaw xeem Semipalatinsk, uas yog thiab tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg coob. Txawm hais tias, qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsum nyob ze ntawm North Ncej lossis qee qhov hauv Siberia. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj qhov kev sim nuclear foob pob tawg, lub nroog tshiab ntawm Kuratov tau nyob ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 60 km. Xyoo 1954, 80 km ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg, lwm qhov tshwm sim - lub nroog Chagan.

Yog li, xav txog tias koj nyob hauv ib lub nroog no. Tawm mus rau lub sam thiaj kom muaj huab cua ntshiab thaum sawv ntxov. Thiab mam li nco dheev - ib flash. "Yuav ua li cas muaj, nag xob nag cua?" - koj tus txij nkawm yuav nug. "Tsis yog, lawv tab tom sim foob pob nuclear dua." Tseeb tiag, yog dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm? Thiab tsis txhob ntshai! Txog ib puas atmospheric (uas yog, tsis nyob hauv av) nuclear thiab thermonuclear nqi ntawm lub zog sib txawv, los ntawm 1 kiloton mus rau ob peb megatons, nrog rau zaus ntawm ib hlis ib zaug nyob rau nruab nrab. Txawm tias tus nqi me me ntawm 1 kt ua rau muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov nceb nceb nrog qhov siab ntawm li 3 km. Thiab 1 megaton ntawm lub peev xwm yog nceb 19 km siab. Hauv av nuclear tawg ntawm qhov chaw sim Semipalatinsk muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kwv yees li 100 Mt. Yog tias tag nrho cov plhaub tau tawg nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom qab ntawd ib square ntawm thaj chaw ntsuas 240 los ntawm 240 km yuav tau txais hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog tuag ntawm 30 Sv (Sievert).

Rau kev sib piv, tus neeg uas muaj koob tshuaj tsuas yog 0.05 Sv twb suav hais tias yog irradiated. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov foob pob atomic tawg tsis yog txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv nruj me ntsis ntsuas, nrog rau lub sij hawm sib txawv, uas ua rau cov explosions tsawg txaus ntshai - suav nrog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

Txhua leej txhua tus paub los ntawm lub hnub nyoog kawm ntawv tias lub ntiaj teb tom qab tawg nuclear tsis tsim nyog rau lub neej thiab txawm tias tuag taus. Kev haus dej los ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam kuj yuav, yam tsawg kawg, ua rau muaj hluav taws xob txaus ntshai ntawm lub cev thiab kev hloov kho caj ces, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws - kom mob tuag. Muaj txawm tias ib tug zoo-paub fairy taleas txog qhov no … Tab sis qhov no yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav. Thiab ua li cas txog kev xyaum?