Leej twg tsim lub Colosseum thiab vim li cas?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Leej twg tsis paub daim npav tuaj xyuas Rome, tab sis thaum twg, los ntawm leej twg thiab rau dab tsi lub Colosseum tau tsim hauv Rome - Ltalis? Keeb kwm ntawm Roman Colosseum los yog yuav ua li cas nws tig los ntawm Flavius amphitheatre rau hauv Colosseum. Tab sis ntau dhau ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Rome thaum ub tsis haum ua ke kom tsis txhob xav txog qhov kev xav tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws keeb kwm.

Ib qho ceev faj saib ntawm lub Colosseum yog txaus kom pom tias nws tau tsim tam sim ntawd ua "ncua ruins". Tab sis cov piv txwv ntawm nws qhov kev tsim kho lig yog pom zoo kawg nkaus. Nws paub tias "Lub Colosseum tau ua los ntawm pob zeb, pob zeb thiab cib." Puas yog nws tsis yog qhov txawv txav uas CONCRETE tau siv nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv qub qub? Cov neeg sau keeb kwm tuaj yeem sib cav tias cov pob zeb tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Loos "thaum ub" ntau dua 2 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tab sis yog vim li cas yog nws tsis yog universally siv nyob rau hauv medieval kev tsim kho?

Hloov chaw, txhua qhov kev xav tias "thaum ub" cov vaj tse pob zeb yog cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau dua li cov keeb kwm xav.

Lub Colosseum (Colloseo) tau tsim tsa thaum lub sijhawm huab tais ntawm Rome thaum ub Titus Vespassian thiab nws tus tub Titus los ntawm Flavian dynasty. Yog li ntawd, lub Colosseum tseem hu ua Flavian amphitheatre. Kev tsim kho pib thaum xyoo pua 72 AD. e. nyob rau hauv Vespassian, thiab xaus rau hauv 80 nyob rau hauv Titus. Vespassian xav kom perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm nws dynasty thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub loj hlob ntawm Rome, ntxiv rau qhov kev yeej ntawm Titus tom qab kev tsuj ntawm cov neeg Yudais tawm tsam.

Lub Colosseum tau tsim los ntawm ntau tshaj 100,000 tus neeg raug kaw thiab raug kaw. Lub tsev pob zeb tau mined nyob rau hauv quarries ze Tivoli (tam sim no nws yog ib tug suburb ntawm Rome nrog zoo nkauj palaces, lub vaj thiab cov chaw). Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsev Roman yog travertine thiab marble. Liab cib thiab pob zeb tau siv los ua kev paub hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Colosseum. Cov pob zeb tau raug txiav tawm thiab tuav ua ke nrog cov hlau staples los txhawb cov pob zeb.

Lub amphitheaters ntawm ancient sij hawm yog marvels ntawm architecture thiab engineering, uas niaj hnub tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav qhuas. Lub Colosseum amphitheatre, zoo ib yam li lwm lub tsev, muaj cov duab ntawm ib lub voj voog, sab nrauv ntawm qhov ntev yog 524 m. Qhov siab ntawm cov phab ntsa yog 50 m. Qhov ntev ntawm lub chaw ntau pob yog 188 m raws cov axis loj, 156 m raws tus me axis. Lub arena qhov ntev yog 85.5 m, nws qhov dav yog 53.5 m. Qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus yog 13 m. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj cov qauv zoo li no, thiab txawm tias nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pas dej qhuav, teem ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau Flavian engineers.

Ua ntej, lub pas dej yuav tsum tau ntws. Rau qhov no, ib qho system ntawm hydrostatic raws, qhov chaw siab tshaj thiab gutters tau tsim, uas tuaj yeem pom txawm tias niaj hnub no, ib zaug hauv Colosseum. Cov kwj deg thiab cov kwj deg kuj tau siv los hloov cov kwj deg cua daj cua dub uas ntws mus rau hauv cov dej phwj hauv lub nroog qub.

Qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom lub mega-structure muaj zog kom nws yuav tsis tawg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. Rau qhov no, tus qauv tau ua arched. Them mloog mus rau cov duab ntawm lub Colosseum - nyob rau hauv nws lub arches ntawm lub qis tier, saum toj no lawv yog lub arches ntawm nruab nrab, sab sauv, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa qhov hnyav hnyav thiab tseem muab cov qauv zoo li lub teeb. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hais txog ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov qauv arched. Lawv qhov kev yuav khoom tsis xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj tshaj lij. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov qauv arches.

Thib peb, muaj lus nug txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Peb twb tau hais ntawm no travertine, liab cib, marble, thiab kev siv cov pob zeb ua ib qho kev sib txuas mortar.

Kuj ceeb tias, cov architects thaum ub tau txiav txim siab txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination nyob rau hauv uas tso lub rooj zaum rau pej xeem. Lub kaum sab xis no yog 30'. Ntawm lub rooj zaum saum toj kawg nkaus, lub kaum sab xis yog 35 '. Kuj tseem muaj lwm yam teeb meem engineering thiab kev tsim kho uas tau daws tau zoo thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw qub.

Thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj kev zoo siab, Flavian Amphitheatre muaj 64 qhov kev nkag - tawm, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cia cov neeg tuaj saib thiab tawm hauv lub sijhawm. Qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub yog siv los tsim cov chaw ua si niaj hnub no, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tib lub sijhawm cia cov neeg saib hauv cov kwj deg los ntawm cov kab sib txawv mus rau ntau ntu yam tsis tsim cov neeg coob coob. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev xav zoo ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev thiab cov kauj ruam, thiab tib neeg tuaj yeem nce qib mus rau lawv qhov chaw sai heev. Thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom cov lej engraved saum cov nkag.

Lub arena nyob rau hauv lub Colosseum yog them nrog planks. Cov theem hauv pem teb tuaj yeem hloov kho siv cov qauv engineering. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov laug cam raug tshem tawm thiab nws tau los ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv hiav txwv thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tsiaj. Kev sib tw Chariot tsis tau muaj nyob hauv Colosseum; rau qhov no, Maxim circus tau tsim hauv Rome. Muaj cov chav ua haujlwm hauv qab lub arena. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj tsiaj, khoom siv, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub arena, tom qab cov phab ntsa sab nrauv, hauv qab daus, cov gladiators tos rau lawv nkag mus rau lub arena, muaj tawb nrog tsiaj, muaj chav rau cov neeg raug mob thiab cov neeg tuag. Txhua chav tau txuas nrog lub tshuab nqa, uas tau nqa ntawm txoj hlua thiab cov hlua. Lub Colosseum suav 38 lub elevator.

Los ntawm sab nraud, Flavian Theatre tau ntsib nrog marble. Cov nkag mus rau lub amphitheatre tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog marble mlom ntawm vajtswv, tus phab ej thiab cov pej xeem zoo. Cov laj kab tau teeb tsa los tuav kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg coob coob sim nkag mus rau sab hauv.

Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thaum ub, tsuas yog qhov loj me ntawm cov qauv ua tim khawv rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yav dhau los thiab kev hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus.

Lub arena yog ib puag ncig los ntawm kab ntawm pej xeem zaum nyob rau hauv peb tiers. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb (podium) tau tshwj tseg rau huab tais, cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg, vestals (maidens) thiab senators.

Cov pej xeem ntawm Rome thiab cov qhua tau zaum hauv peb theem ntawm lub rooj zaum, nruj me ntsis raws li kev sib raug zoo hierarchy. Thawj theem yog npaj rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog, cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe, cov neeg caij nees (ib hom vaj tse nyob rau hauv ancient Rome). Lub tsev thib ob muaj rooj zaum rau cov pej xeem Roman. Qib thib peb yog npaj rau cov neeg pluag. Titus ua tiav lwm qib plaub. Gravediggers, actors thiab ex-gladiators raug txwv tsis pub los ntawm cov neeg saib.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam, cov tub lag luam scurried ntawm cov neeg saib, muab lawv cov khoom thiab zaub mov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm gladiatorial costumes thiab figurines - cov duab ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws gladiators yog tshwj xeeb ntawm souvenirs. Zoo li lub Rooj Sab Laj, lub Colosseum tau ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev ua neej nyob thiab qhov chaw sib txuas lus rau cov neeg hauv nroog.

Thaum pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub Colosseum yog provoked los ntawm invasion ntawm barbarians nyob rau hauv 408-410 AD, thaum lub arena tuaj txog nyob rau hauv desolation thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th mus txog rau 1132, lub amphitheatre tau siv los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Rome ua lub fortress hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov tsev neeg Frangipani thiab Annibaldi tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo. Leej twg raug yuam kom muab lub Colosseum rau Askiv huab tais Henry VII, uas muab nws rau Roman Senate.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm av qeeg muaj zog nyob rau xyoo 1349, lub Colosseum tau tawg loj heev, thiab nws sab qab teb tau tawg. Tom qab qhov xwm txheej no, qhov chaw qub qub tau pib siv rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tab sis tsis yog qhov tawg ntawm nws xwb, pob zeb kuj tau tawg tawm ntawm cov phab ntsa uas tseem muaj sia nyob. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm lub Colosseum nyob rau hauv lub 15th thiab 16th centuries, lub Venetian palace, lub palace ntawm Chancellery (Cancelleria), thiab lub Palazzo Farnese tau tsim. Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj, feem ntau ntawm lub Colosseum ciaj sia, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub zoo arena tseem disfigured.

Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj mus rau lub qub monument ntawm ancient architecture tau txhim kho txij li thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, thaum Pope Benedict XIV raug xaiv. Pope tshiab tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm thaum ub rau kev mob siab rau ntawm Tswv Yexus - qhov chaw uas cov ntshav ntawm cov ntseeg martyrs tau los. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Pope, ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj tau tsa nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub arena ntawm lub Colosseum, thiab ob peb lub thaj raug tsa nyob ib ncig ntawm. Xyoo 1874, lub tsev teev ntuj raug tshem tawm ntawm Colosseum. Tom qab kev ncaim ntawm Benedict XIV, pawg ntseeg hierarchs txuas ntxiv saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm Colosseum.

Niaj hnub nimno Colosseum, raws li ib tug architectural monument, yog tiv thaiv, thiab nws fragments, yog hais tias ua tau, raug ntsia rau hauv lawv cov thawj qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev sim siab uas tau tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm qub xyoo txhiab, cov ruins ntawm Colosseum, tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj kim, tseem ua rau muaj kev xav zoo thiab muab lub sijhawm los xav txog yav dhau los grandeur ntawm lub arena.

Niaj hnub no lub Colosseum yog lub cim ntawm Rome, nrog rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nto moo.

Yog tias koj saib ze ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub Colosseum, koj yuav pom tias cov npoo ntawm cov cib yog upholstered, zoo heev, thiab cov upholstery tau ua ua ntej masonry, thiab tsis dhau ib-paus xyoo, uas lawv sim depict, thiab cov cib yog fastened ua ke nrog ib tug compound heev reminiscent ntawm xis mas XIX caug xyoo. Tag nrho cov brickwork zoo li tib yam thiab yog ua los ntawm homogeneous cib. Nws zoo nkaus li tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub Colosseum, cov tsos ntawm ib tug supposedly centuries-laus deterioration ntawm tus qauv yog tam sim ntawd tsim forged.

Nws tuaj yeem pom txawm tias zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov raug liam tias "tshuav" cib ntsa. Cov chaw masonry no yog qhov tseeb tsis muaj tiag, ua rau niaj hnub no daim ntawv "collapsed". Yog tias cov phab ntsa cib tiag tiag tawg, tom qab ntawd nws nthuav tawm "tseem tshuav ntawm cov vaults thaum ub" zoo li tsis zoo rau cov cib ua haujlwm ntawm Colosseum. Tag nrho cov "kev hloov pauv" no tau tsim tsa tam sim ntawd thaum pib kev tsim kho, yog li lawv tau tsis meej pem los qhia qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov qauv. Kev hloov pauv tiag tiag ntawm cov vaults yog qhov tsis muaj nyob hauv cov tsev qub uas faus rau hauv av, lawv zoo li txawv kiag li.

Piv txwv li, lub tuam tsev ntawm St. Irene hauv Istanbul-Constantinople. Ntau cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv tiag tiag yog tus sawv cev zoo kawg nkaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, sab sauv ntawm cov phab ntsa zoo li tshiab dua li qhov qis dua, uas pom ntau qhov kev hloov pauv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Colosseum, cov phab ntsa yog txawv txawv: dab tsi yog saum toj no, dab tsi yog hauv qab no.

Hauv cov qauv qub tiag tiag, hauv qab ntawm cov qauv feem ntau yog nyob hauv av lossis hauv lub qhov, yog tias ua haujlwm archaeological. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Irene mus rau hauv av mus rau qhov tob ntawm 4 meters. Thiab peb tab tom tham txog lub tsev medieval. Thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Colosseum tsis muaj qhov pom tau tias poob rau hauv av. Nws hloov tawm hais tias rau ob txhiab xyoo, lub arena tau immersed nyob rau hauv tej yam ntawm lub nqus tsev vacuum thiab cov kev cai ntawm xwm tsis nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm nws, uas siv rau tag nrho cov lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab yog, los ntawm txoj kev, lub ntsiab sib tam. tseem ceeb hauv archaeology.

Tab sis yuav ua li cas hais, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm reconstruction, kiag li qhib, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov saib ntawm tourists, nrog kev pab los ntawm portable scaffolding, ua tiav ntawm lub Colosseum yog nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm.

Lub Vatican tsis muaj zog zais keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv Vatican Palace, koj tuaj yeem pom ib lub fresco uas qhia txog kev tsim tshiab tshiab ntawm Colosseum! Ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj nrog lub compass thiab lub tsev lub kaum sab xis yog kos ib sab ntawm nws. Nws pab tsim lub Colosseum. Tab sis rau leej twg? Tiag tiag - rau pagan huab tais, uas yuav tsis tsim nyog rau ib tug tim tswv? Tsis yog kiag li. Lub npe ntawm tus tsim, nrog rau lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho, yog qhia ncaj qha rau ntawm lub fresco. Ib sab ntawm daim duab, nws tau sau tias: "SEVENTH YEAR OF POPE PIA VII"

Txij li thaum Pope Pius VII kav xyoo 1800-1823, peb tab tom tham txog 1807! Tib lub xyoo yog rov ua dua ib zaug ntxiv nyob rau hauv inscription nyob rau hauv lub fresco:

AMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUMA, PIO VII CONTRA, RUINAM EXCELSO FULCIMENTO SOLIDATE THIAB PLURIFARIAM SUBSTRUCTIONE MUNITUM ANNO MDCCCVII.

Kev txhais: AMPHITHEATER FLAVIUS Pius VII, LUB RUINS OF EXCELLENT REST ON FIRM AND, ABOVE, ON DIFFERENT BASES, BUILDER YEAR 1807.

Yog li, kev tsim kho ntawm lub Colosseum li "thaum ub" ruins pib hauv 1807. Muaj tseeb, 1807, raws li lub fresco, tsuas yog pib nrog kev tsim ntawm qhov project, tom qab ntawd kev tsim kho ntawm lub ruins yog pib. Koj puas xav paub txog lub xyoo no kev dag ntxias xaus? Oddly txaus, qhov no tuaj yeem nyeem tau ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj marble uas dai saum qhov nkag mus rau amphitheatre. Nyob rau hauv uas lub xyoo ntawm lub reconstruction ntawm lub Colosseum yog qhia nyob rau hauv 1852, nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo ntawm lub reign ntawm Pius IX (1846-1878). Qhov no yog hnub tiag tiag ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Colosseum - 1852, ib puas xyoo dhau los.

Tom qab nws tsim kho, lub Colosseum tau tshaj tawm ntau heev. Thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 7, 2007, nws tau nkag mus rau hauv cov npe hu ua "xya qhov kev xav tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb", ua qhov thib ob nyob ntawd tom qab Great Wall of China.

Tab sis yog hais tias lub Colosseum tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, ces nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub hauv paus yog vim li cas rau Emperor Flavius Vespasian, uas tau liam tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1st. Cia peb tig mus rau feem ntau lees paub keeb kwm.

Lub Colosseum yog qhov loj tshaj plaws Roman amphitheatre thiab ib qho kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv Rome ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pas dej. Kev tsim kho tau pib los ntawm huab tais Vespasian Flavius, thiab tau ua tiav los ntawm nws tus tub hauv 80 AD. Emperor Titus Flavius … Thaum xub thawj, lub Colosseum tau hu ua, los ntawm lub npe ntawm Emperors Flavius, Flavian amphitheatre, nws lub npe tam sim no (hauv Latin Colosseum, hauv Italian Coliseo) tau daig nrog nws tom qab…. Qhov chaw no yog rau cov pej xeem ntawm Rome ib qhov chaw lom zem thiab spectacle … Lub invasions ntawm barbarians cim qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm amphitheatre. Nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries, lub amphitheatre tau siv raws li ib tug citadel los ntawm Roman tsev neeg ntawm Annibaldi thiab Frangipani. Tom qab ntawd lub Flavian amphitheatre dhau mus rau Henry VII, uas tau muab nws ua khoom plig rau cov neeg Loos. Rov qab rau xyoo 1332, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau muaj nyob ntawm no. Tab sis feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv 1332, bullfights tau tshwm sim tsis nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no Colosseum, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub nroog amphitheatre ntawm Italian Rome, tom qab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Angel, tab sis txij thaum ntawd los nws tsis tu ncua yeej pib …

Lo lus "amphitheatre" nws tus kheej sib txuas ob lo lus Greek lub ntsiab lus "ob chav ua yeeb yam" lossis "kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ob sab" thiab qhia meej txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm hom qub Roman architecture. Raws li rau lub npe "Colosseum", raws li ib tug version nws yog los ntawm Latin "colosseum", uas txhais tau tias "colossal", thiab nyob rau lwm yam, nws yog txuam nrog lub zes qe menyuam loj heev ntawm Nero, uas hu ua "Colosseum." Ob leeg. versions muaj txoj cai sib npaug rau muaj nyob, hmoov zoo, lawv pom zoo rau ib yam - lawv hais txog qhov ntev ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub Colosseum. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias txoj kev tshwj xeeb tau tsim los rau cov khoom siv ntawm marble, rau lub npe "Flavian Amphitheatre", nws yog vim lub fact tias lub Colosseum tau los ua ib lub tsev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub imperial dynasty - Vespasian, Titus thiab Domitian ua tau 8 xyoo, txij li 72 txog 80 AD.

Kev tsim kho tau pib los ntawm Vespasian tom qab nws cov tub rog yeej hauv Yudas, thiab kev tsim kho tau ua tiav los ntawm nws tus tub Titus, raws li tus neeg paub keeb kwm Suetonius - "Thaum kev fij ntawm lub amphitheatre thiab maj nrawm ua cov da dej nyob ze, nws (Titus - ed.) Qhia kev sib ntaus sib tua gladiatorial, zoo kawg nkaus nplua nuj thiab lush; Nws kuj tau teem caij ua rog rog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd nws coj cov tub rog tawm tsam thiab tso tsib txhiab tus tsiaj qus sib txawv hauv ib hnub." Qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub Colosseum rau qee qhov kev txiav txim siab nws txoj hmoo ntxiv - rau lub sijhawm ntev nws yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev lom zem tshwj xeeb uas tau paub zoo rau peb los ntawm niaj hnub xinesmas thiab ntawv tseeb - gladiator sib ntaus sib tua thiab tua tsiaj, tsuas yog ib qho ib feem me me ntawm kev lom zem uas nyiam cov neeg Loos mus rau lub arena. Kev kav ntawm Emperor Macrinus tau cim los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub hnyav rau lub Colosseum, tab sis los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander Severus nws tau rov qab los, thiab nyob rau hauv 248, nyob rau hauv Emperor Philip, nws ua kev zoo siab rau txhiab xyoo lub neej ntawm Rome nrog zoo solemnity.

Raws li cov pov thawj muaj sia nyob, 60 tus tsov ntxhuav, 32 ntxhw, 40 tus nees qus thiab ntau ntau lwm yam tsiaj xws li moose, zebras, tsov, giraffes thiab hippos raug tua thaum lub sij hawm "kev ua koob tsheej". Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ua si tsis txwv rau cov tsiaj, thiab cov neeg saib zoo siab tuaj yeem xav txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tag nrho ntawm 2,000 gladiators. Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, thiab Colosseum tseem khaws cov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntsiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ancient Rome, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam rau cov neeg hauv nroog xyaum tsis hloov pauv - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 405 tus huab tais Honorius tau txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, txij li qhov no contradicted. ntsuj plig ntawm Christianity, uas, pib los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Constantine Great, los ua lub xeev kev ntseeg ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim txom zoo tshaj plaws txuas ntxiv ua rau cov neeg Loos zoo siab txog thaum Theodoric the Great tuag. Lub sijhawm ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog lub sijhawm poob ntawm lub Colosseum - nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries, nws tau ua ib tug fortress rau cov noble tsev neeg ntawm Rome sib tw, Frangipani thiab Annibaldi, uas, vim li ntawd, raug yuam. kom muab lub Colosseum rau Emperor Henry VII, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav hauv daim teb no. Lub tom kawg pub lub npe nrov arena rau Roman Senate thiab cov neeg, ua tsaug rau qhov uas, txog rau thaum thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, ntau yam kev ua si tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub Colosseum, nrog rau bullfights.

Paradoxically, tab sis yog vim li cas rau qhov poob ntxiv ntawm Colosseum yog nws qhov zoo kawg li. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov phab ntsa ntawm Colosseum tau ua los ntawm cov blocks loj ntawm travertine marble, uas tau khawb hauv lub nroog Tivoli. Cov blocks marble tau fastened nrog steel brackets, vim lawv ua tib zoo hauv av ua ke thiab tsis tas yuav mortar kom zoo dua adhesion. Cov ntaub ntawv siv, nrog rau kev tsim kho tshuab nws tus kheej, coj tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub fact tias lub Colosseum muaj peev xwm nyob rau ntau centuries, tab sis kuj mus rau lub fact tias rau cov Loos ntawm lub 15th-16th centuries. nws tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau, yooj yim disassembled rau hauv cov khoom sib cais. Lub Colosseum marble tau pab txhawb nws txoj kev tsim kho ntawm Venetian Palace, Chancellery Palace thiab Palazzo Farnese.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th puas tau cov popes hloov lawv txoj kev siv mus rau lub Colosseum, yog li Benedict XIV coj nws nyob rau hauv nws kev tiv thaiv, tig mus rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov ntseeg sanctuary - ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj heev tau tsa nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub arena, uas yog framed los ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. thaj chaw nco txog txoj kev tsim txom, kev mus rau Calvary thiab kev tuag ntawm tus Cawm Seej saum tus ntoo khaub lig. Qhov no complex tau dismantled nyob rau hauv thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Sab nrauv ntawm lub Colosseum muaj peb tiers ntawm arches, nruab nrab ntawm uas nyob rau hauv ib nrab-kem, nyob rau hauv qis-tier - Tuscan, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - Ionic, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Upper - Corinthian style. Cov duab tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm Colosseum los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub yeeb koob tso cai rau peb txiav txim siab tias qhov spans ntawm lub arches ntawm nruab nrab thiab sab sauv tiers tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pej thuam. Saum toj saud, ib pem teb plaub tau tsim, sawv cev rau ib lub phab ntsa, uas tau txiav los ntawm Corinthian pilasters rau hauv compartments thiab muaj ib lub qhov rais quadrangular nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua compartment. Lub cornice ntawm hauv pem teb no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kab ntoo, uas yog kev txhawb nqa rau lub awning stretched tshaj lub arena. Thaum kawg ntawm lub loj thiab me axes ntawm lub ellipse, muaj plaub lub ntsiab nkag, uas yog peb-arched rooj vag, ob tug uas yog npaj rau huab tais, thiab tus so yog siv ob qho tib si rau ceremonial processions ua ntej pib ua yeeb yam. thiab rau kev thauj tsiaj thiab tsheb tsim nyog mus rau Colosseum.

Cov neeg saib tau zaum hauv qhov sawv ntsug raws li lawv qhov kev sib raug zoo:

- kab hauv qab, los yog podium (lat. podium) yog npaj rau huab tais, nws tsev neeg thiab lub siab tshaj plaws nobility ntawm Roman haiv neeg.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw ntawm huab tais towered saum toj no.

- Ntxiv mus, hauv peb theem, muaj qhov chaw rau pej xeem. Thawj theem yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm horsemen. Qhov thib ob theem tau tseg rau cov pej xeem ntawm Rome. Qhov thib peb theem tau nyob los ntawm cov chav kawm qis.

Nyob rau hauv lub arena, muaj ib tug complex labyrinth rau lub zog ntawm gladiators thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm predatory tsiaj, uas yog siv rau kev ua yeeb yam.

Feem ntau, cov qauv ntawm Colosseum ib leeg, txawm tias tsis suav nrog nws cov nplai, yuav txaus los hu cov qauv no yog ib qho ntawm "kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb". Nws organically combines lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm Rome, architectural complexity, uas hais lus ntawm high technology kab lis kev cai thiab pagan riot ntawm pre-Christian yav dhau los ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Ib lub tsev embodies ib txheej loj ntawm keeb kwm ntawm ib lub xeev qub tshaj plaws, lub txaj ntawm European keeb kwm. Lub Colosseum yog ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam tseeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai, ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj xov uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm lub sijhawm thiab eras pom.

Cia peb rov qab mus rau zaj dab neeg uas yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub XV thiab XVI centuries. Pope Paul II siv cov khoom siv los ntawm amphitheatre rau kev tsim kho ntawm Venetian palace, Cardinal Riario - rau kev tsim kho ntawm Chancellery palace, Pope Paul III - rau lub Farnese palace. Lub Colosseum tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nws - tsuas yog pob zeb thiab cib ntawm lub nroog qub ntawm XIV xyoo pua. tau siv rau cov tsev papal, tom qab uas qhov qub ntawm Italian Rome thiab tig mus rau hauv ruins. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm amphitheatre muaj sia nyob, Sixtus V xav siv nws thiab tsim lub chaw tsim khoom, thiab Pope Clement IX tau siv lub tsev amphitheatre ua lub chaw tsim khoom saltpeter. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum yim. cov popes tuaj rau lawv qhov kev xav lossis txiav txim siab tias nws muaj peev xwm khwv tau nyiaj ntau dua rau cov neeg mus ncig ntau dua li ntawm ntsev. Benedict IV (1740-1758) tau hais kom lub installation ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig grandiose nyob rau hauv lub arena, thiab ib kab ntawm lub thaj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, uas tshem tus ntoo khaub lig thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub Colosseum tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1874, Tej zaum, lawv dhau los tawm tsam qhov kev liam tias qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Colosseum, muab nws qhov tseeb ntseeg, yog vim li cas lawv raug tshem tawm.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Clement IX (1592-1605) ib lub Hoobkas ntaub ua hauj lwm ntawm lub site ntawm lub Colosseum, thiab ua ntej ntawd tej zaum tsuas yog ib tug pas dej ua ke. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo nyob rau hauv cov hnub, feem ntau yuav, tsis txawm pom. Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) yog thawj zaug uas xav txog kev txhim kho qee yam ntawm cov qauv loj. Tab sis nws kuj tau hais meej meej tias tsis yog "antique amphitheatre", tab sis yog ib lub monument rau Christian martyrs. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov neeg ua tiav tau coj teeb meem rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Nws yog nrog lawv tias qhov kev tsim kho tiag tiag ntawm Colosseum niaj hnub tau pib, qhia tau tias yog "kev kho kom yooj yim ntawm lub amphitheatre qub."

Ntawm no yog qhov Encyclopedic Dictionary tshaj tawm: "Cov neeg popes uas kav tom qab Benedict XIV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Pius VII thiab Leo XII, fortified cov phab ntsa hem kev puas tsuaj nrog buttresses (peb nyeem ntawm kab: lawv ua cov phab ntsa), thiab Pius IX kho ib tug. tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab lus sab hauv hauv amphitheatre (peb nyeem ntawm cov kab: lined hauv sab hauv). Lub Colosseum tau saib xyuas nrog kev saib xyuas zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv niaj hnub ntawm Ltalis. Los ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb archaeologists nyob rau hauv lub arena excavated qab daus, uas yog ib zaug siv coj tib neeg thiab tsiaj thiab decorations rau hauv lub arena, los yog damming lub arena los npaj "naumachia".

Tshwj xeeb tsis txaus ntseeg yog qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm txog "naumachiyah" - kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj sawv cev hauv cov dej uas muaj dej ntawm lub Colosseum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj cov lus piav qhia uas muaj peev xwm muab tau - yuav ua li cas raws nraim thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau dej puv lub arena ntawm Colosseum? Cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej ntim dej nyob qhov twg? Cov cuab yeej siv dej siab? Watertight phab ntsa nrog cov kab ntawm cov dej txhaws? Tag nrho cov no tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub Colosseum.

Tam sim no cia saib keeb kwm ntawm Roman Colosseum hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, thiab lawv qhia peb txog dab tsi thaum ub amphitheatre, thiab txawm tias Flavians. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yuav tsum tau qhia txog cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus li Colosseum. Tab sis nws thiaj li tshwm sim uas tsis yog ib qho keeb kwm ntawm Colosseum hais txog dab tsi. Nov yog ob qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev sau obverse annalistic yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia txog lub ntiaj teb thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, feem ntau yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Rome thaum ub. Thiab, hmoov zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau qhov chaw tau mob siab rau txoj kev kav ntawm Emperor Flavius Vespasian, uas, raws li keeb kwm, tau tsim lub Colosseum amphitheatre. Feem ntau, Obverse Chronicle yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws heev thiab muaj ntau tshaj kaum rau txhiab daim duab kos duab zoo nkauj, tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov vaj. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias tsis muaj lus hais txog lub Colosseum - tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem los yog nyob rau hauv cov duab kos - ces peb yuav tsum xaus, ces nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub 16th-17th centuries. lawv tsis paub dab tsi txog lub Colosseum. Amazingly, muaj tiag tiag tsis muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv.

Tab sis tej zaum lub pem hauv ntej vault yog ntsiag to txog lub Colosseum tsuas yog vim hais tias nws tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb lub tsev tsim los ntawm thawj Flavius hauv Rome? Tsis yog, nws tsis zoo li ntawd. Lub obverse vault piav nyob rau hauv kom meej txaus yuav ua li cas Vespasian, rov qab mus rau Rome los ntawm cov neeg Yudais ua tsov ua rog, tam sim ntawd pib tsim cov loj loj thiab amazing vaj tse. Tab sis lub Colosseum tsis tau hais txog ntawm lawv. Thiab feem ntau, tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tsuas yog hais txog cov tuam tsev, nyiaj txiag, tsev qiv ntawv. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt:

Vespasian tau xav txog yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub thaj rau ib tug mlom thiab sai sai tsim ib yam dab tsi uas zoo tshaj tag nrho cov tib neeg lub tswv yim. Thiab nws muab tag nrho cov ris tsho uas muaj nuj nqis nyob rau ntawd, thiab txhua yam zoo kawg nkaus thiab tsis muaj peev xwm raug muab khaws cia rau ntawd thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov pom tseeb. Vim qhov no, tib neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb taug kev thiab ua haujlwm, tsuas yog pom ntawm lawv lub qhov muag xwb. Nws dai daim ntaub thaiv cov Yudais nyob rau ntawd, zoo li yog lawv khav theeb, thiab txhua lub tsho hnav nrog kub, thiab txib kom khaws cov phau ntawv raws li txoj cai hauv pawg ntseeg.”

Lub obverse vault qhia txog cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Vespasian hauv Rome, ua tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Yudais. Tab sis lub Colosseum tsis tau hais txog ntawm lawv.

Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tau tshaj tawm txog lub Colosseum thiab Lutheran chronograph ntawm 1680 - lub ntiaj teb lub sijhawm sau, uas piav qhia meej txog txhua qhov xwm txheej Roman. Nws, zoo li lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, tsuas yog qhia txog kev tsim kho "lub tuam tsev ntawm kev thaj yeeb" los ntawm Vespasian thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog cov neeg Yudais: "Yexus muaj hnub nyoog 77 xyoo, lub tuam tsev ntawm kev thaj yeeb raug tsim, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev. Lub nroog Yeluxalees raug muab tso rau hauv, thiab muaj cov nkoj ntawm Judaic kub. Txoj kevcai thiab daim ntaub npog ntsej muag nyob hauv tej chav tau khaws cia los ntawm Vespesian cov lus txib.”

Qhov no xaus qhov kev piav qhia ntawm Vespasian lub tsev. Txog lub Colosseum - thiab feem ntau, txog ib qho chaw amphitheatre ua los ntawm Vespasian hauv Rome, Lutheran Chronograph yog ntsiag to kiag li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov npe thiab cov npe tau muab rau thaum kawg ntawm Chronograph tsis muaj lub npe "Colosseum". Tsis muaj lub npe zoo sib xws thiab. Yuav ua li cas yog lub Colosseum tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv Lutheran chronograph, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Observatory. Txawm hais tias nws tau sau rau xyoo 1680 thiab, nws yuav zoo li, nws tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum paub txog cov qauv zoo li Colosseum. Thiab hu nws raws nraim "Colosseum". Tom qab tag nrho, lub npe no, raws li keeb kwm qhia rau peb, tau raug xa mus rau lub Colosseum txij thaum xyoo pua VIII. Yog vim li cas tus sau ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. tseem tsis paub nws? Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya. Teb chaws Europe yeej tsis paub dab tsi txog lub Colosseum tseem.

Cia peb tig mus rau cov neeg sau ntawv "antique". Lawv paub dab tsi txog qhov loj tshaj amphitheatre ntawm Rome thaum ub, lub colosseum grandiose? Nws ntseeg tau tias Suetonius, Eutropius thiab lwm yam "antique" sau sau txog lub Colosseum. Nws kuj tseem ntseeg tias Colosseum tau txais koob meej los ntawm "antique" kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua AD. Martial. Thiab nws txawm tau sim cais nws ua ib qho ntawm xya qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb, xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub no (hauv 2007) kom faib cov Colosseum ua ib qho ntawm "xya qhov kev xav tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb".

Tab sis puas yog cov neeg sau ntawv "antique" tiag tiag hais txog Colosseum hauv ltalis, thiab tsis yog hais txog qee qhov chaw amphitheatre? Tab sis tom qab ntawd, kab tias, Colosseum tiag tiag tsis yog nyob hauv ltalis, tab sis nyob rau qee qhov chaw? Thiab ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb dua. Thaum twg, los ntawm leej twg thiab qhov twg tau raug liam tias "thaum ub" tej hauj lwm uas tam sim no feem ntau paub thiab hais txog lub Colosseum nrhiav tau? Puas yog nws nyob hauv Vatican? Thiab tom qab nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub Roman Colosseum, thiab nws yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj keeb kwm rau nws, nrhiav "cov hauv paus ntsiab lus" uas "paub meej" nws muaj nyob hauv yav dhau los?

Coj, piv txwv li, phau ntawv ntawm Suetonius (nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kwv yees li tib yam yog sau). Suetonius tshaj tawm txog kev tsim kho hauv Rome los ntawm huab tais Vespasian, thaum nws rov qab los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Yudais, ntawm ntau lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib zaug: Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb, lwm lub tuam tsev, ib qho chaw tsis muaj npe nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog. Suetonius sau tias: "… Vespasian kuj tau ua cov haujlwm tshiab: Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb … lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Claudius … lub amphitheatre nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog … ". Cov neeg tawm tswv yim niaj hnub ntseeg tias Suetonius tab tom tham txog Colosseum ntawm no. Tab sis Suetonius tsis hu rau lub amphitheatre lub Colosseum thiab, feem ntau, tsis muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws. Nws sau yooj yim txog "amphitheatre". Vim li cas nws thiaj tsim nyog lub Colosseum? Tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov no.

Eutropius hauv nws "Brief History from the Founding of the City" attributes the construction of the amphitheatre to the emperor Titus Vespasian, the son of the Emperor Vespasian. Tab sis nws kuj tsis muab tej ntaub ntawv uas yuav tso cai rau lub amphitheatre ntawm Titus yuav raug txheeb xyuas nrog lub Colosseum. Nws tsuas yog qhia me ntsis tias Titus Vespasian "tsim lub chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Rome, thaum lub sijhawm fij tseg uas 5 txhiab tsiaj raug tua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw."

Lwm "antique" historian, Sextus Aurelius Victor sau nyob rau hauv "Keeb kwm ntawm Rome" hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Emperor Flavius Vespasian nyob rau hauv Rome, lub restoration ntawm lub Capitol tau pib thiab ua tiav … lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb, lub monuments ntawm Claudius, Lub Rooj Sab Laj, thiab ib qho chaw amphitheatre loj tau tsim. Tab sis txawm nyob ntawm no tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus los txheeb xyuas qhov amphitheatre nrog lub Colosseum. Nws tsis tau hais tias qhov amphitheatre loj npaum li cas, lossis nws tau npaj li cas, lossis nyob qhov twg hauv nroog nws nyob. Thiab dua cov lus nug tshwm sim: yog vim li cas nws yog lub Colosseum? Tej zaum Aurelius Victor txhais tau hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov amphitheatre?

Lwm yam Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Roman kws sau ntawv tsis muaj laj thawj los txheeb xyuas Flavian amphitheatre nrog lub Colosseum tam sim no hauv Rome, Ltalis.

Raws li rau "Book of Spectacles" los ntawm Roman kws sau paj lug Martial, qhov chaw uas nws ntseeg hais tias tau qhuas lub Colosseum, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv uas yuav unequivocally taw tes rau lub Colosseum. Thiab phau ntawv no nws tus kheej yuav dhau los ua ib qho cuav, txij li thaum, raws li tau sau tseg ntev dhau los, nws txawv ntawm lwm yam ntawm Martial cov haujlwm. "Ib phau ntawv ntawm 14 phau ntawv ntawm epigrams tau nqis los rau peb los ntawm Martial, tsis suav nrog phau ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov paj huam, tseem hu ua epigrams, tab sis cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau kev ua si ntawm amphitheatre hauv qab Titus Flavius thiab Domitian." Thiab txawm hais tias "Book of Spectacles" los ntawm Martial yog thawj, ces tag nrho tib yam, qhov twg yog qhov pov thawj tias nws yog hais txog lub Colosseum? Tsis muaj pov thawj li ntawd.

Nws yuav zoo yog tias Martial thiab Roman historians tsis tham txog lub Colosseum nyob rau hauv ltalis kiag li, tab sis hais txog lwm amphitheatre. Ntxiv mus, lub ruins ntawm ib tug loj Roman amphitheatre, uas yog heev haum rau cov lus piav qhia, muaj nyob. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias Italian Colosseum. Tsis zoo li Colosseum hauv ltalis, qhov no, Colosseum, tsis tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm txhua. Lawv nyob ib puag ncig nws nrog kev tuag ntsiag to thiab sim ua txuj tias nws tsis muaj nyob.

Niaj hnub no, lub Colosseum yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm tsoom fwv Italian, kev ua hauj lwm tab tom mus sau randomly tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub supposedly npaj. Archaeological excavations thiab restoration ua hauj lwm, mus sib koom tes, tau coj mus rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo kawg li discoveries. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no, cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb monument ntsib teeb meem tshiab - los ntawm ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, ntau tus neeg tsis nyiam noj ib yam dab tsi "ua khoom plig" rau qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm huab cua hauv huab cua ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm Colosseum, kev co los ntawm lub nroog. tsheb thiab lwm yam technogenic cim.

Txawm hais tias nws cov keeb kwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj nyob niaj hnub no, lub Colosseum, txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ruins, khaws cia zoo li qhov zoo nkauj uas, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pov npav, nws tau lees paub hauv 2007 tias yog ib qho ntawm 7 Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Nkauj Tshiab.