Kolchak hauv lub neej thiab hauv xinesmas

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Koj puas nco qab tias zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Admiral" nrov npaum li cas ntawm peb lub thawv ntawv? Lub npe Admiral Kolchak tau nrov nrov thiab nrov hauv xov xwm. Nws yog ib tug txiv neej zoo nraug, nws yog ib tug txawj ntse, innovator, ua tsov ua rog hero, thiab enviable lover …

Yog lawm, muaj ib tug admiral-polar explorer, muaj ib tug admiral - ib tug innovator ntawm mines, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam commander ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet, ib tug admiral - ib tug txim nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ntawm Siberia, ib tug txaj muag ntiav ntiav ntawm lub Entente. thiab ib tug menyuam roj hmab hauv lawv txhais tes. Tab sis cov creators ntawm cov phau ntawv, zaj duab xis thiab TV serial nyob ntsiag to txog qhov ntawd, zoo li lawv tsis paub.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1917, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Admiral Alexander Kolchak, tus thawj coj ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet, tau pov lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm Tsarist era thiab hnav khaub ncaws tshiab uas nyuam qhuav tau teeb tsa los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Russia. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau cawm nws los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Sevastopol Council of Deputies ntawm nws qhov kev tshem tawm.

Lub Rau Hli 6 ntawm tib lub xyoo, nws tawm haujlwm, Lub Xya Hli nws mus rau Asmeskas, los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Nyiv. Nyob ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab cov lus nug ntawm kev nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv British Navy thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1918 mus rau Mesopotamian pem hauv ntej. Tab sis twb tau los ntawm Singapore nws tau xa rov qab los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm British General Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm, nws raug xa mus rau thaj chaw cais ntawm Sino-Eastern Railway. Muaj kev tswj hwm txoj kev, tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm autonomous Siberia, lub Cossacks ntawm lub Atamans Semyonov thiab Kalmykov, heev heev White Guard tub ceev xwm detachments, uas tsis subordinate rau leej twg thiab tsis paub leej twg, tau khiav mus rau qhov ntawd. Kolchak tau qhia rau pawg thawj coj ntawm Tuam Tshoj Sab Hnub Tuaj Railway, tau tsa tus thawj coj ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog los sib sau ua ke cov tub rog sib txawv thiab maj mus rau Russia "nyob" los ntawm Bolsheviks. Raws li yav dhau los, nws sewed rau ntawm tus admiral lub xub pwg straps, tab sis hnav khau boots, breeches thiab ib tug tub rog tsho.

Alexander Vasilyevich tsis ua tiav, nws tsis ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1918, nrog nws tus hlub Anna Timireva, nws tau tawm mus rau Nyij Pooj, ostensibly mus sib tham nrog tus thawj coj ntawm Nyiv General Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Nws nyob hauv ib lub nroog me me, "txhim kho nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv" hauv lub nroog chaw so. Tab sis tsis ntev. Nws tau pom los ntawm Askiv General A. Knox, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Rog ntawm Tebchaws Askiv. Lawv lub rooj sib tham tau xaus nrog tus neeg saib xyuas pom zoo, nrog kev pab los ntawm Askiv, kom "rov tsim cov tub rog Lavxias hauv Siberia." Tus thawj coj zoo siab tshaj tawm rau London: "… tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias nws yog tus neeg Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws los ua peb cov hom phiaj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj." Ua tib zoo mloog, nyeem ntawv, tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub xeev Lavxias, tsis yog rau nws cov neeg, tab sis rau lawv cov hom phiaj lus Askiv! Ua tsaug!

Nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, tus neeg tsav nkoj, nrog rau General A. Knox thiab Fab Kis Ambassador Regnault, tuaj txog hauv Vladivostok. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, lub zog Soviet los ntawm Volga mus rau Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Czechoslovak corps thiab hauv zos White Guard tsim. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 14, Alexander Kolchak tuaj txog hauv Omsk, nws tau raug qhia tam sim ntawd rau tsoomfwv P. V. Vologodsky ua tub rog thiab tub rog tub rog. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, nrog rau cov tub rog Askiv nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Colonel J. Ward, nws tau mus rau pem hauv ntej, mus xyuas Yekaterinburg, ze Ufa. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17, tus neeg tsav dav hlau rov qab mus rau Omsk, thiab hmo ntuj ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, cov tub rog tau rhuav tshem lub hwj chim ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia, thaum, raws li Socialist-Revolutionary D. Rakov sau nyob rau hauv nws Paris memoirs, ib tug txaus ntshai orgy tsoo tawm ntawm ntug dej. ntawm Irtysh - cov neeg sawv cev tau raug ntaus nrog rab phom taub qab, stabbed nrog bayonets, txiav tawm nrog sabers. Alexander Kolchak tau tshaj tawm tias yog tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws ntawm Russia thiab tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws, nyob rau tib hnub nws tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm tus thawj coj. Hauv ib xyoos thiab ib nrab, qhov no yog zaum thib plaub uas nws hloov nws txoj cai hnav khaub ncaws!

Muaj overthrown Soviet hwj chim, cov tub rog dawb unleashed ib unprecedented ntshai thiab thuam ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov neeg tsis paub lub nkoj.

Cov Neeg Saib Xyuas Dawb tau tua ntau pua tus neeg hauv Barnaul, lawv tua 50 tus neeg hauv lub zos Karabinka, Biysk koog tsev kawm ntawv, 24 tus neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm lub zos Shadrino, 13 tus tub rog pem hauv ntej hauv lub zos Kornilovo …, uas tuaj yeem tig tus neeg raug tsim txom. lub cev rau hauv ib daim ntawm cov nqaij tawg hauv ob peb lub tshuab. Lieutenant Gol'dovich thiab Ataman Bessmertny, uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Kamensk koog tsev kawm ntawv, yuam lawv cov neeg raug tsim txom ua ntej tua, ntawm lub hauv caug, hu nkauj pov tseg rau lawv tus kheej, thaum cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam raug raped. Cov neeg tawv ncauj thiab ntxeev siab tau muab faus ciaj sia nyob hauv av. Lieutenant Noskovsky tau paub tias muaj peev xwm tua ntau tus neeg nrog kev txhaj tshuaj ib zaug. Drunken "lawv nobility" raug tshem tawm ntawm Barnaul tsev lojcuj los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm thawj lub hwj chim Soviet, MK Tsaplin, IV Prisyagin, MK Kazakov thiab MA Fomin, thiab tua tsis mus sib hais. Lawv lub cev yeej tsis pom, feem ntau, lawv raug txiav nrog sabers thiab pov los ntawm tus choj railway hauv Ob.

Kev lim hiam thiab tsis xav ua phem rau tib neeg tau muab ntau ntxiv nrog rau kev los rau lub hwj chim ntawm Kolchak, nrog rau kev tsim tsa tub rog dictatorship. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm 1919 ib leeg, ntau tshaj 25 txhiab tus neeg raug tua nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg xeev, nyob rau hauv lub Yenisei xeev, raws li kev txiav txim ntawm General SN Rozanov, kwv yees li 10 txhiab tus neeg raug tua, 14 txhiab tus neeg raug flogged, 12 txhiab tus neeg ua liaj ua teb. hlawv thiab plundered. Hauv ob hnub - Lub Xya Hli 31 thiab Lub Yim Hli 1, 1919 - ntau dua 300 tus neeg raug tua hauv lub nroog Kamne, thiab txawm tias ua ntej - 48 tus neeg hauv tsev raug ntes hauv tib lub nroog.

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1919, tsoomfwv Admiral Kolchak tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov xeev thiab cheeb tsam ntawm Siberia. Cov tuam txhab ntawm Altai detachment, ua ke nrog cov tuam txhab ntawm "Blue Lancers" regiment thiab 3rd Barnaul regiment nrog rau txim txhaum, scoured tag nrho lub xeev. Lawv tsis tseg tej poj niam lossis cov laus, lawv tsis paub kev hlub thiab kev khuv leej. Tom qab swb ntawm Kolchakites, Pawg Neeg Tshawb Fawb hauv nroog Biysk tau txais cov lus pov thawj txaus ntshai txog kev ua phem: Ensign Mamaev hauv lub zos Bystry Istok " tsim txom ntau dua 20 tsev neeg nrog kev tua neeg," tus thawj coj laus Lebedev tau khav theeb tias nws tus kheej tua ntau dua. tshaj 10 tus neeg "," tub ceev xwm detachment tus naj npawb ntawm 100 tus neeg nrog tsib tus tub ceev xwm tau ua tiav kev tua, tua thiab ua phem tub sab "nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Novo-Tyryshkino, Sychevka thiab Kamyshenka Sychevskaya volost thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Berezovka thiab Mikhailovka Mikhailov". Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, 20 tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb detachment muaj npe thiab tawm tsam txhua lub npe muaj cov lus "flogged", "tortured", "shot", "shot a lot of peasants", "hanged", "rout". ", "rov qab".

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2000, 100-xyoo-laus tub ceev xwm loj P. Ye. Arkhipov, nco qab nws cov hluas, hais rau tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm "Kev Kawm Dawb" tias thaum White Guards tuaj rau lub zos Chekaniha hauv cheeb tsam Ust-Pristanskiy ntawm Altai xeev, lawv tua 13 tus neeg ib zaug. Tsis muaj txoj kev, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Lawv rub tawm cov neeg nkaum hauv cellars thiab sheds thiab tua lawv.

Xws li yog cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm, xws li yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov hnub ntawd.

Peb xyoos dhau los, tus kws sau ntawv Vladimir Svintsov tau luam tawm lwm phau ntawv - "Ntawm lub spearhead ntawm kev tawm tsam", nws kuj tau tham txog Pyotr Arkhipov, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws lub zos Chekaniha 13 tus neeg raug tua tsis yog los ntawm White Guards, tab sis los ntawm cov liab partisans! Tsis tas li ntawd, lub forger tseem yog kev xav txog kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg koom nrog!

Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm peb lub sijhawm - rov sau keeb kwm, cuam tshuam nws, nyob twj ywm lossis dag txog Soviet yav dhau los.

Cov kev ua phem tau raug nplua los ntawm tus admiral nws tus kheej. Ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau hais tias: "Tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab kom xaus rau qhov kev tawm tsam Yenisei, yam tsis tau nres ua ntej qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, txawm tias lim hiam, ntsuas tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg ntxeev siab xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov pejxeem txhawb lawv … kev sib txuas los siv cov neeg hauv zos, noj hostages. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, cov neeg ua phem yuav raug tua, thiab cov tsev uas lawv nyob yuav raug hlawv … Txhua tus txiv neej uas muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov tsev loj thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab thaum muaj kev ntxeev siab, lawv yuav raug tua.."

Cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm "kev txhawb siab ntawm Russia" hauv Altai tsis tau suav, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov tub ceev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov uas tshwm sim raug puas tsuaj thaum khiav.

Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Asmeskas W. Grevs, uas tau saib xyuas tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, tom qab ntawd lees paub tias: “Kuv tsis ntseeg tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm qhia tau ib lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb li tsib caug xyoo dhau los uas kev tua neeg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev yooj yim thiab ntshai tshaj plaws. ntawm lub luag hauj lwm, raws li nyob rau hauv Siberia nyob rau hauv thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Kolchak . Thiab nws kuj tau sau tias:

"Kuv yuav tsis yuam kev yog tias kuv hais tias nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Siberia rau txhua tus neeg raug tua los ntawm Bolsheviks, muaj ntau pua tus neeg tua los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam Bolshevik."

Cov tub ceev xwm Asmeskas tub ceev xwm M. Sayers thiab A. Kann hauv lawv phau ntawv "The Secret War tawm tsam Soviet Russia" tau sau tias:

"Lub tsev loj cuj thiab cov chaw pw hav zoov tau ntim rau hauv lub peev xwm. Ntau pua tus neeg Lavxias uas tsis kam ua raws li tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab tau dai ntawm tsob ntoo thiab xov tooj ntawm tus ncej Siberian Railway. Ntau tus so hauv qhov ntxa loj, uas lawv tau hais kom khawb ua ntej Kolchak cov neeg tua neeg rhuav tshem lawv nrog hluav taws kub. Kev tua neeg thiab tub sab tau dhau los ua ib qho tshwm sim txhua hnub."

General W. Greves tau kwv yees hais tias:

"Qhov kev phem no yog qhov xwm txheej uas lawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab rov hais dua ntawm cov neeg Lavxias txawm tias 50 xyoo tom qab lawv tau ua txhaum." (W. Grevs. "American taug txuj kev nyuaj hauv Siberia. (1918-1920)". Moscow, 1932, p. 238).

General tau yuam kev! Cov neeg nco txog qhov kev phem ntawm Kolchak tsoom fwv txawm tias tam sim no, tom qab 90 xyoo, txawm hais tias tsoomfwv tshiab thiab nws cov xov xwm loj tau mob siab rau zam lub ntsiab lus no.

arbitrariness, lawlessness thiab ua phem rau cov tub ceev xwm, tua thiab flogging, tshem tawm ntawm kev cai lij choj kev ua hauj lwm, tas li requisitions nyob rau hauv lub siab nyiam ntawm cov tub rog, rampant kev ua txhaum, tub sab nyiag, dag, dag, dag, dag, xiab, unrestrained nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi rau txhua yam thiab txhua leej txhua tus sai sai thawb lub Cov neeg ntawm Siberia deb ntawm cov thawj coj tshiab. Cov neeg tsis xav rub tus quab ntawm Kolchakism, thiab yog li ntawd tag nrho tsev neeg nrog ceg txheem ntseeg thiab cudgel mus rau cov neeg koom siab. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev Altai thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1919, 25,000th pab tub rog ntawm Efim Mamontov, 20,000th faib ntawm Ivan Tretyak thiab 10,000th detachment coj los ntawm Grigory Rogov ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam liberated los ntawm partisans, lub hwj chim ntawm lub Soviets tau rov qab los, txawm lub koom pheej ntawm partisan.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm tsuas yog pawg tub rog ntawm Efim Mamontov, Kolchak tsoomfwv tau pauv 18 txhiab bayonets thiab sabers, 18 phom thiab 100 lub tshuab phom rau Altai raws li kev hais qhia ntawm General Yevtin. Ntawm lawv yog cov 43rd Omsk thiab 46th Tomsk phom phom regiments, Cossack regiment ntawm Blue Lancers, thiab cov tub rog ntawm Dub Hussars. Armored tsheb ciav hlau "Sokol", "Stepnyak" thiab "Turkestan" kuj tuaj ntawm no. Tab sis cov neeg koom nrog yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua, dhau los ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov tswv-cov qhev thiab lawv cov tswv los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1918, Kolchak cov tub rog tau tswj hwm ntau qhov kev yeej ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, lawv tau ntes Perm thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm Western Urals, npaj siab mus txog Vyatka, Kotlas thiab koom ua ke nrog White Guard thiab Anglo-American. cov tub rog nyob rau sab qaum teb. Tab sis cov phiaj xwm no tsis tau ua tiav. Cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm VIII Congress ntawm RCP (b) ntawm cov tub rog teeb meem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sai sai ntxiv dag zog rau Red Army, tsa kev qhuab qhia thiab ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm nws cov units, txhawb nqa tag nrho cov tub rog thiab txhais tau tias kom yeej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, kev tawm tsam ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau pib, Perm tau dim thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, tom qab ntawd Kolchakites tau khiav tawm ntawm Middle Urals, thiab tom qab ntawd … Lub Kaum Hli 25, cov tub rog liab nyob Tobolsk, Lub Kaum Hli 30. - Petropavlovsk. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws thiab nws tsoomfwv tau khiav tawm ntawm Siberian peev - Omsk. Txij thaum ntawd los, Kolchak cov tub rog xyaum tsis tawm tsam, nws, demoralized, tuag yam tsis muaj yeeb koob thiab feats ntawm caj npab, tsis tu ncua dov raws Trans-Siberian Railway nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam avalanche, poob ntau txhiab tus neeg raug tua, raug mob thiab mob. Kev tawm tsam, mus rau sab ntawm pawg neeg tau dhau los ua txhua hnub thiab niaj hnub tshwm sim.

Txawm hais tias qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tso siab rau Novonikolaevsk (Novosibirsk) nyuam qhuav tshwm sim, 46th Tomsk thiab 43rd Omsk phom loj regiments tau ntxeev siab, tua lawv cov tub ceev xwm thiab mus rau sab ntawm Altai liab partisans. Ua raws li tib qho piv txwv, pab pawg ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau "Sokol", "Turkestan" thiab "Stepnyak" ua raws. Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9, 1919, tag nrho Barnaul garrison - 3rd Barnaul regiment, lub "Blue Lancers" regiment, lub 15th reserve Votkinsk regiment, lub artillery battalion ntawm lub Naval Riflemen, ib tug tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj tub rog detachment, militia lub cev - khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog, vim los ntawm peb sab mus rau nws partisan regiments approached. Nws khiav tawm, txawm hais tias General V. O. Kappel los tuav thaj av Barnaul-Biysk ntawm txhua tus nqi. Ib qho kev sim ua kom tawg ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hla tus Ob tau nres los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av ntawm Barnaul, coj los ntawm Pavel Kantselyarsky, uas tag nrho lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv tus choj twb dhau lawm.

Hauv thaj tsam Tomsk-Krasnoyarsk, Siberian tub rog ntawm Lieutenant General Anatoly Pepelyaev tsis tau ua - ib feem ntawm nws tau rhuav tshem los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog AD Kravchenko thiab PE Shchetinkin, feem ntau nws decomposed thiab "melted". Krasnoyarsk xeev thiab ib feem ntawm Irkutsk, raws li ib tug ntawm cov tub ceev xwm muab nws, "hais hlawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws ntawm kev koom tes." Tsis yog cov tub rog Liab ntau npaum li cov neeg nyob rau hauv qib ntawm cov neeg koom tes hammered White Guard, raws li lawv hais, nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw thiab mane. Cov seem ntawm Pepelyaevites ntawm 500-600 tus neeg tau ntxiv rau 2nd Army, tab sis qhov ntawd kuj tau swb. Tsis pub ntau tshaj 40 txhiab tus Neeg Saib Xyuas Dawb los ntawm ib pab tub rog loj tau khiav mus rau Transbaikalia hla cov daus-npog thiab khov Siberia.

Vim muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German, txhawm rau kom mloog zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg siab dua, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1918, tsoomfwv Soviet tau xaj kom thauj kub, nyiaj, platinum thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nqis mus rau Kazan los ntawm Moscow, Petrograd, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod thiab Samara.. Thiab nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 7 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Kazan, npaj txhij txog rau lub hwj chim Soviet, raug ntes los ntawm Czechoslovak pab tub rog, txhawb los ntawm Dawb Guards. Tag nrho cov kub cia ntawm RSFSR yog nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Txawm hais tias thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18 lub zog hauv Siberia tau dhau mus rau Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, Admiral Kolchak, cov kub tseem nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj - nws tsis ntseeg Admiral. Tab sis qhov no tsis kav ntev. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj tau raug ntes los ntawm General V. O. Kappel, qee leej raug tua. Admiral A. V. Kolchak tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus saib xyuas ntawm Russia cov nyiaj khaws cia kub. Txawm li cas los xij, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws tau txiav txim siab ua tiav cov khoom lag luam uas nws tau txais tsuas yog thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1919. Txij lub hli ntawd mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo, nws tau siv 11, 5 txhiab pob nyiaj kub (37 feem pua ntawm Omsk kho). Thiab ntau npaum li cas nws siv ua ntej kev kho dua tshiab tseem tsis paub.

Tebchaws Meskas tau xa 600,000 rab phom, ntau pua rab phom thiab ntau txhiab rab phom tshuab rau tub rog ntawm Admiral Kolchak. England muab ob txhiab rab phom tshuab, 500 lab phom phom. Fabkis pub 30 lub dav hlau, ntau tshaj 200 lub tsheb, thiab Nyiv - 70 txhiab phom, 30 phom thiab 100 tshuab phom. Tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm tus kav ntawm Siberia tau hnav khaub ncaws thiab shod los ntawm lwm tus lub xub pwg nyom. Thaum pib, txhua yam tau raug sau tseg rau kev siv nyiaj rau kev yuav riam phom, mos txwv, khoom siv tub rog los ntawm cov neeg invaders, rau kev saib xyuas ntawm pab tub rog, cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov cuab yeej tsim txom. Tab sis qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob deb ntawm rooj plaub.

Cov neeg Askiv tau txais 2883 phaus kub, Fabkis - 1225, thiab Japanese - 2672 phaus kub. Nws tsis paub tias muaj pes tsawg poods cov Yankees coj mus rau lawv, tab sis tsis ntev los no nws tau paub tias kub kuj tau thauj mus rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj txawv teb chaws. Tsim, yog li hais, ib lub hnab airbag. Qhov no yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tub ceev xwm coj los ntawm tus thawj coj. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, tom qab khiav tawm ntawm Russia, Dawb emigres, thiaj li hais tias lub Soviet tsoom fwv yuav tsis txeeb lub tsev txhab nyiaj, pauv nyiaj mus rau lub account ntawm cov neeg ntiag tug. Hauv London, kwv yees li £ 3 lab tau muab tso rau K. E. von Hloov chaw, hauv New York 22.5 lab nyiaj daus las - rau tus account ntawm S. A. Uget, hauv Tokyo tshaj 6 lab yen - mus rau tus account ntawm KK Miller.

Alexander Kolchak tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws cov neeg txawv teb chaws thiab cov phooj ywg. Thaum tus thawj coj ntawm Czechoslovak corps, Radol Gaid, mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub tsheb ciav hlau, nws tau txais 70 txhiab francs kub los ntawm tus admiral! Tus admiral tsis rub cov francs tawm ntawm nws lub hnab ris!

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 1919, lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog kub cia tau tawm ntawm Omsk nrog tsab ntawv "D", nws ua raws lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Admiral A. V. Kolchak. Tab sis raws li txoj kev nws tau caum los ntawm kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua: lwm lub tsheb ciav hlau tsoo rau hauv nws, thiab txawm tias tib lub sijhawm tawg thundered, ces mam li nco dheev qee lub tsheb tsis sib xws, tom qab ntawd nws tau ua "yuam" nres hauv qhov chaw uas muaj suab puam. Ataman G. S. Semyonov nres lub "golden echelon" rau ob peb teev, thiab txawm hais tias tus admiral xav tau ib qho kev piav qhia, nws tsis tau muab nws. Lub caij no, nws nyiag 711 lub thawv nrog cov khoom muaj nqis 70-90 lab rubles hauv kub. Lub ataman ntawm Ussuri Cossacks, Esaul I. M. Kalmykov, coj 36 pob kub rau Manchuria. Cov kwv tij Viktor thiab Anatoly Pepelyaevs thauj lub steamer "Permyak" nrog kub thiab xa lawv mus rau lawv haiv neeg Tomsk, tab sis nws tsis mus txog nws lub hom phiaj. Txog rau tam sim no, muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus pov thawj uas feem ntawm "Kolchak cov khoom muaj nqis" tau muab zais rau hauv qhov loj ntawm Siberia. Lawv tau tshawb nrhiav hauv Kemerovo, Tomsk thiab Irkutsk cheeb tsam, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kazakhstan thiab thaj tsam Tyumen, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory, hauv Transbaikalia thiab hauv qab ntawm Lake Baikal, nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua Sikhote-Alin, thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua. txawv teb chaws. Tab sis…

Cov tub rog dawb plundered, nyiag, muab tam sim ntawd, nkaum, coj tawm ntau txhiab lab nyiaj rubles ntawm Lavxias teb sab treasury txawv teb chaws, thaum lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj, kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev txom nyem. Lawv yuav tau nqa nrog lawv cov nyiaj txiag ntxiv, tab sis cov koom haum ntawm thaj av Baikal tsis tso cai rau lawv. Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1920, 18 wagons ntawm "golden echelon" rov qab los rau Moscow; lub thawv thiab hnab ntim kub thiab lwm yam khoom muaj nqis muaj nqis 409,625,870 rubles 86 kopecks.

Nyob rau hauv Nizhneudinsk, lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub Supreme Ruler raug kaw rau lub sij hawm ntev. Txawm hais tias tus neeg saib xyuas kev npau taws, cov phoojywg tau cog lus tias yuav xa lub tsheb ciav hlau tsuas yog tom qab lub ntsiab ntawm Czechoslovak echelons tau dhau mus. Tsheb ciav hlau nrog Dawb Czechs stretched los ntawm Krasnoyarsk nws tus kheej. Lawv txeeb tau 20 txhiab lub tsheb, 600 lub tsheb nrog "kev ua tsov ua rog booty" tau tshwj xeeb saib xyuas, thiab tsoomfwv dawb ntawm Siberia tsis paub tias muaj dab tsi hauv lawv. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa lawv cov tsheb ciav hlau, Czechs feem ntau coj chav locomotives los ntawm tsheb thauj neeg mob tsheb ciav hlau, los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau nrog cov neeg tawg rog. Kolchak lub hwj chim tsis tau txuas mus rau lawv. Ib yam li cov kws pab tswv yim - Fab Kis General M. Jeannin, American General W. Grevs thiab Admiral O. Knight, English generals A. Knox thiab D. Ward.

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21, kev tawm tsam ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Cheremkhovo, hmo tom ntej - nyob rau hauv suburbs ntawm Irkutsk … Tsis ntev tom qab lub White Guard lub hwj chim raug rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntawm Zima, Tulun, Nizhneudinsk … Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1920, lub underground Political Center tshaj tawm kev hloov ntawm tag nrho cov hwj chim rau nws. Lub hwj chim ntawm tus dictator ntawm Siberia kom nyob ntev.

Admiral pom zoo caij nyob rau hauv ib tug cais carriage ntawm lub echelon ntawm lub Czechoslovak pab tub rog. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm 500 tus neeg tam sim ntawd mus rau Bolsheviks. Tsis xav txog kev ntxeev siab ntawm nws thiaj li ceeb rau tus admiral uas nws tig grey hmo ntuj. Lub tsheb ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, qhov chaw uas nws tau muab tsuas yog ib qho me me, tau txaj muag txuas mus rau tus Tsov tus tw ntawm thawj pab tub rog ntawm 6th Czech rog.

Lub Irkutsk Provincial Committee ntawm lub Bolsheviks pib sib tham nrog lub Political Center ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov lus txib ntawm cov interventionists nrog ib tug thov kom extradite Admiral Kolchak, nws tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsoom fwv, V. N. Pepelyaev, thiab lub teb chaws lub teb chaws lub kub reserves. Txwv tsis pub, cov neeg koom siab tau hem tias yuav tawg lub Circum-Baikal railway tunnels, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm - tsis txhob muab cov thee, taws lossis dej. Cov kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj kev xaiv; nws tsis yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm los hloov lawv nraub qaum rau cov tub rog ntawm Red Army.

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1920, ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Innokentyevskaya, tus pab cuam rau Czech tus thawj coj nkag mus rau hauv lub tsheb thauj neeg thiab tshaj tawm tias tus neeg tsav nkoj tau raug xa mus rau cov tub ceev xwm Irkutsk. Tus thawj tswj hwm tau tuav nws lub taub hau nrog nws txhais tes.

- Jeannin puas paub txog qhov no? Nws nug, rov zoo sai. Thiab thaum nws tau txais cov lus pom zoo, nws xaus lus: - Yog li cov phooj ywg ntxeev siab rau kuv.

Yog, lawv surrendered nws, raws li lawv hais, nrog giblets, thiaj li yuav cawm lawv cov tawv nqaij.

Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho Siberia, tus thawj coj ntawm nws tsoomfwv thiab ntau tus neeg nyob ze lawv raug coj mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 21, Pawg Neeg Tshawb Fawb tau pib nug, cov thawj coj ntawm Dawb Siberia tau tos mus sib hais. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 6, kev nug txuas ntxiv mus, thiab nyob sab nraud ntawm lub nroog, cov neeg ua haujlwm pab pawg tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj thiab tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tshaj plaws uas tau thov kom tshem tawm tus neeg nplua nuj.

Muab qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, Gubrevkom, yam tsis ua tiav qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem: "Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj, Admiral Kolchak thiab yav tas los Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws, Pepelyaev, yuav tsum raug tua. Zoo dua los tua ob tug neeg txhaum cai uas tau txais kev tuag ntev dua li ntau pua tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis muaj txim."

Lawv raug tua thaum 5 teev sawv ntxov thaum Lub Ib Hlis 7, 1920, ntawm ntug dej Ushakovka River, ib qho chaw ntawm Angara. Cov neeg tuag tau txo qis rau hauv lub qhov.

Admiral Kolchak tau nthuav tawm lub hwj chim, raws li cov neeg hais tias, "ntawm lub platter nyiaj." Los ntawm lub caij nyoog nws tau txais tag nrho cov kub cia ntawm Russia ntawm nws pov tseg. Txhua lub tebchaws Entente tau pab nws, thiab tsis yog nrog riam phom, mos txwv thiab khoom siv xwb. Hauv Siberia, ntxiv rau Cov Tub Rog Dawb thiab Czechoslovak corps, Asmeskas cov tub rog, peb pawg neeg Nyij Pooj suav nrog 120 txhiab tus neeg, pawg neeg Polish, ob pawg tub rog Askiv, tub rog Canadian, Fab Kis Fab Kis, Romanian legion ntawm 4,500 tus neeg, ntau txhiab leej. Italians, ib pab tub rog ntawm Croats, Slovenes thiab Serbs ua haujlwm, ib pab tub rog ntawm 1300 Latvians. Tsaus! Horde!

Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib xyoos ntawm nws txoj kev kav, tus admiral tau tswj los tawm tsam nws tus kheej feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Siberia. Nrog rau kev tua dav dav thiab tsis raug cai, kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau thawb cov neeg ua liaj ua teb zoo thiab muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb los ntawm Urals mus rau Far East coj axes thiab pitchforks thiab koom nrog cov koom haum. Nws coj ib pab tub rog ntau pua txhiab mus rau demoralization, lwj, loj desertion thiab mus rau sab ntawm cov partisans thiab Red Army.

Zoo, yam ntawm "kev txawj ntse" koj puas xav tau kom poob cov tub rog, thaj chaw, thiab lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag nrog kev ceev uas tsis tau pom dua? Cov thawj coj zoo li no, qhov tseeb, tau zaum ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj!

Tab sis txoj hmoo tig rau nws txawv.

Admiral Kolchak tau paub tias yog ib tus neeg muaj kev paub dhau los, thiab cov miner, raws li koj paub, ua yuam kev ib zaug. Tus admiral ua rau nws yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub pre-Autumn hnub ntawm 1918 nyob rau hauv Nyiv, thaum nws pom zoo rau lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Department ntawm lub British War Ministry, General A. Knox, coj lub "re-creation" ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog nyob rau hauv. Siberia. Cov kev txhaj tshuaj raug tua thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, 1920 yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem tawg ntawm lub sijhawm foob pob, ncua sijhawm tawg uas ua rau nws tuag.

Txhawm rau txhim kho monuments rau nws niaj hnub no, txhawm rau dai cov plaques memorial yog qhov ua txhaum loj tshaj plaws rau tib neeg, yav dhau los, nyob thiab yav tom ntej. Monuments rau nws twb tau sawv rau 90 xyoo los ntawm lub Volga mus rau lub Pacific ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau txhiab lub ntxa crosses thiab pyramids nrog liab hnub qub, me me qauv tshaj loj graves.