Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Paraphrasing cov kab lus ntes ntawm Ilf thiab Petrov los ntawm qhov tshiab "12 Lub Rooj Zaum", peb tuaj yeem hais tias "tus neeg txheeb cais paub txhua yam … txog pej xeem". Hais txog lub neej nyob ntev npaum li cas thiab lub neej expectancy hloov li cas nrog kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej. Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb cais muab cov duab dav dav ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm kwv yees qhov kev xav tau hloov pauv.
Methodology los txiav txim qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy
Qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy (ALE) yog ib qho kev kwv yees kwv yees siv cov kev xav ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim, uas qhia tau hais tias pes tsawg xyoo ntawm cov neeg uas yug los yog nyob rau ntawm ib lub hnub nyoog yuav nyob. Kev suav yog ua rau ib lub xyoo, nrog rau qhov kev xav tias qhov kev tuag ntawm txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog yuav nyob twj ywm tib yam li thaum lub sijhawm kawm. Txawm tias muaj cov rooj sib tham, qhov taw qhia yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis raug rau qhov kev hloov pauv. Txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov lej loj, lwm lub cuab yeej rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev txheeb cais, ua lub luag haujlwm.
Qhov tseeb, qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy yog qhov qhia txog kev tuag ntawm cov pejxeem. Thawj txoj hauv kev suav tau tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm qub thiab txhim kho nrog kev txhim kho lej, txheeb cais thiab pej xeem. Piv txwv li, lawv tau pib sib cais lossis sib txawv rau hauv tus menyuam mos tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, nws yog me me thiab tsis distort tag nrho cov duab. Qhov xwm txheej zoo li txawv hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem, qhov uas cov menyuam mos tuag coob heev, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas muaj txoj sia nyob rau lub sijhawm txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm thawj peb xyoos tom qab ntawd khaws kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm txog hnub nyoog laus. Yog tias lub neej expectancy raug xam raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus lej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag, ces tus lej yuav tau txais uas tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev tuag ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hnub nyoog.
Qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws hauv Africa, tshwj tsis yog rau sab qaum teb, yog 40-50 xyoo. Nyob ntev tshaj plaws hauv Europe, North America, Australia thiab Nyiv - 70-90 xyoo
Cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv Russia npog cov hnub nyoog ntawm 0 txog 110 xyoo. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov algorithm los ntawm qhov txuas. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txoj kev, cov zauv nruab nrab ntawm cov pab pawg yog siv los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim nruab nrab rau kev suav ntxiv, qhov twg stepwise los ntawm cov qauv ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim, qhov ntsuas tau maj mam muab los ntawm qhov uas ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws.
Nws yog qee zaum ua yuam kev ntseeg tias ALE yog lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg tuag thaum lub xyoo. Tseeb, lub chaw ua haujlwm sau npe xa cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau Rosstat hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntxhuav. Cov txheeb cais ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm sau npe ntawm tus neeg tuag yog siv rau kev suav ua ib qho ntawm ntau cov khoom siv. Cov txiaj ntsig kawg yuav sib npaug, tab sis qhov no tsis tshua muaj heev.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv scientific, ob lo lus yog siv:
- nruab nrab lub neej expectancy,
- lub neej expectancy.
Lawv yog synonymous thiab txhais tau tias tib yam. Qhov thib ob - ib daim ntawv tracing los ntawm lus Askiv lub neej expectancy, nkag mus rau Lavxias teb sab lus thiab tau siv ntau zaus raws li kev tshawb fawb kev koom tes nrog demographers los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no nthuav.
Russia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm foundations
Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem sab hauv hauv tebchaws Russia cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam thiab kev cuam tshuam sab nraud vim kev nplua los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab cov koom haum, 2015 tau cim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem. Qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy rau cov txiv neej yog 65, 9 rau cov poj niam - 76, 5, tag nrho - 71, 4 xyoo. Tsis tau ua ntej muaj Russians nyob ntev li ntawd.
Lub neej expectancy ncaj qha nyob ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub teb chaws cov thawj coj
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 2016 yuav raug suav hais tias yog lub Peb Hlis 2017, tab sis tam sim no, raws li kev suav ua ntej, qhov ntsuas tag nrho yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm tsawg kawg 8 lub hlis. Yog tias qhov kev kwv yees raug, tus txiv neej qhov taw qhia yuav mus txog 66.8, thiab rau cov poj niam - 77.2 xyoo.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau pej xeem ntawm Rosstat lub vev xaib (Federal State Statistics Service).
Nyob ntawd, los ntawm kev mus rau ntu uas tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev xaiv sib tham los ntawm xyoo, lub sijhawm thiab pab pawg neeg.
Table: lub neej expectancy ntawm yug nyob rau hauv Russia
Xyoo | Tag nrho cov pejxeem | Cov pejxeem hauv nroog | Cov pejxeem nyob deb nroog | ||||||
Tag nrho | cov txiv neej | poj niam | Tag nrho | cov txiv neej | poj niam | Tag nrho | cov txiv neej | poj niam | |
1896–1897 | 30, 54 | 29, 43 | 31, 69 | 29, 77 | 27, 62 | 32, 24 | 30, 63 | 29, 66 | 31, 66 |
(nrog 50 lub xeev ntawm European Russia) | |||||||||
1926–1927 | 42, 93 | 40, 23 | 45, 61 | 43, 92 | 40, 37 | 47, 50 | 42, 86 | 40, 39 | 45, 30 |
(nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm RSFSR) | |||||||||
1961–1962 | 68, 75 | 63, 78 | 72, 38 | 68, 69 | 63, 86 | 72, 48 | 68, 62 | 63, 40 | 72, 33 |
1970–1971 | 68, 93 | 63, 21 | 73, 55 | 68, 51 | 63, 76 | 73, 47 | 68, 13 | 61, 78 | 73, 39 |
1980–1981 | 67, 61 | 61, 53 | 73, 09 | 68, 09 | 62, 39 | 73, 18 | 66, 02 | 59, 30 | 72, 47 |
1990 | 69, 19 | 63, 73 | 74, 30 | 69, 55 | 64, 31 | 74, 34 | 67, 97 | 62, 03 | 73, 95 |
1995 | 64, 52 | 58, 12 | 71, 59 | 64, 70 | 58, 30 | 71, 64 | 63, 99 | 57, 64 | 71, 40 |
2000 | 65, 34 | 59, 03 | 72, 26 | 65, 69 | 59, 35 | 72, 46 | 64, 34 | 58, 14 | 71, 66 |
2001 | 65, 23 | 58, 92 | 72, 17 | 65, 57 | 59, 23 | 72, 37 | 64, 25 | 58, 07 | 71, 57 |
2002 | 64, 95 | 58, 68 | 71, 90 | 65, 40 | 59, 09 | 72, 18 | 63, 68 | 57, 54 | 71, 09 |
2003 | 64, 84 | 58, 53 | 71, 85 | 65, 36 | 59, 01 | 72, 20 | 63, 34 | 57, 20 | 70, 81 |
2004 | 65, 31 | 58, 91 | 72, 36 | 65, 87 | 59, 42 | 72, 73 | 63, 77 | 57, 56 | 71, 27 |
2005 | 65, 37 | 58, 92 | 72, 47 | 66, 10 | 59, 58 | 72, 99 | 63, 45 | 57, 22 | 71, 06 |
2006 | 66, 69 | 60, 43 | 73, 34 | 67, 43 | 61, 12 | 73, 88 | 64, 74 | 58, 69 | 71, 86 |
2007 | 67, 61 | 61, 46 | 74, 02 | 68, 37 | 62, 20 | 74, 54 | 65, 59 | 59, 57 | 72, 56 |
2008 | 67, 99 | 61, 92 | 74, 28 | 68, 77 | 62, 67 | 74, 83 | 65, 93 | 60, 00 | 72, 77 |
2009 | 68, 78 | 62, 87 | 74, 79 | 69, 57 | 63, 65 | 75, 34 | 66, 67 | 60, 86 | 73, 27 |
2010 | 68, 94 | 63, 09 | 74, 88 | 69, 69 | 63, 82 | 75, 39 | 66, 92 | 61, 19 | 73, 42 |
2011 | 69, 83 | 64, 04 | 75, 61 | 70, 51 | 64, 67 | 76, 10 | 67, 99 | 62, 40 | 74, 21 |
2012 | 70, 24 | 64, 56 | 75, 86 | 70, 83 | 65, 10 | 76, 27 | 68, 61 | 63, 12 | 74, 66 |
2013 | 70, 76 | 65, 13 | 76, 30 | 71, 33 | 65, 64 | 76, 70 | 69, 18 | 63, 75 | 75, 13 |
2014 | 70, 93 | 65, 29 | 76, 47 | 71, 44 | 65, 75 | 76, 83 | 69, 49 | 64, 07 | 75, 43 |
2015 | 71, 39 | 65, 92 | 76, 71 | 71, 91 | 66, 38 | 77, 09 | 69, 90 | 64, 67 | 75, 59 |
Lub rooj tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm 2016-12-08 Pib los ntawm 2014, cov ntaub ntawv coj mus rau hauv tus account lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab lub nroog ntawm Sevastopol.
Nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy yog hais txog 30 xyoo. Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tsuas yog ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua, tom qab ntawd thaum lub sijhawm Soviet muaj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua raws li cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo raug daws thiab lub neej txhim kho. Txawm tias qhov kev poob loj heev hauv Great Patriotic War ntawm 1941-45 tsis tau hloov pauv. Los ntawm 1950, qhov taw qhia yog: poj niam - 62, txiv neej - 54 xyoo.
Poj niam txiv neej daim duab ntawm lifespan rau lub sij hawm 1961-2013
Los ntawm 1990, lub USSR tau mus txog nws cov pej xeem ncov, nrog rau tag nrho lub teb chaws ntawm 69.2 xyoo. Qhov no tau ua raws li lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub xeev Soviet, thiab kev kub ntxhov ntawm pej xeem pib hauv Lavxias Federation. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 90s, lo lus tu siab "Lavxias teb sab ntoo khaub lig" tau tshwm sim, uas tau siv los piav qhia txog kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kab nkhaus - kev loj hlob ntawm kev tuag thiab kev poob qis. Cov pejxeem poob qis yog 1 lab tus tib neeg ib xyoos, zoo li Russia tau tuag lawm.
Qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2000s. Lub teb chaws tau sawv. Los ntawm 2012, qhov kev yug me nyuam tshaj qhov kev tuag. Rosstat tau sau tseg txog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy ntawm cov pejxeem, uas thawj zaug tau los ua ntau tshaj 70 xyoo.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm xyoo 1991-92, kev tuag ntau tshaj qhov yug
Russia muaj ib tug loj, unevenly populated thaj chaw. Lub Federation muaj 85 cheeb tsam nrog ntau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pejxeem thiab cov kev pab cuam zoo. Yog li ntawd, lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv lawv tsis zoo li qub. Kev lig kev cai, lawv nyob ntev nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus thiab nyob rau hauv lub capitals - Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, qhov phem tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv Tuva thiab Chukotka.
Table: Lub neej expectancy los ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 2013
№№ | Thaj tsam ntawm Russia | Ob leeg poj niam | Txiv neej | Poj niam | №№ | Thaj tsam ntawm Russia | Ob leeg poj niam | Txiv neej | Poj niam | |
1 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Ingushetia | 78, 84 | 75, 97 | 81, 32 | 43 | Kostroma cheeb tsam | 69, 86 | 64, 31 | 75, 29 | |
2 | Moscow lub nroog | 76, 37 | 72, 31 | 80, 17 | 44 | Ivanovo cheeb tsam | 69, 84 | 63, 90 | 75, 42 | |
3 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan | 75, 63 | 72, 31 | 78, 82 | 45 | Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam | 69, 81 | 63, 64 | 75, 86 | |
4 | St. Petersburg | 74, 22 | 69, 43 | 78, 38 | 46 | Altai cheeb tsam | 69, 77 | 64, 11 | 75, 44 | |
5 | Koom pheej ntawm North Ossetia-Alania | 73, 94 | 68, 46 | 79, 06 | 47 | Bryansk cheeb tsam | 69, 75 | 63, 32 | 76, 32 | |
6 | Karachay-Cherkess koom pheej | 73, 94 | 69, 21 | 78, 33 | 48 | Omsk cheeb tsam | 69, 74 | 63, 86 | 75, 57 | |
7 | Kabardino-Balkar koom pheej | 73, 71 | 69, 03 | 78, 08 | 49 | Koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan | 69, 63 | 63, 66 | 75, 84 | |
8 | Chechen koom pheej | 73, 20 | 70, 23 | 76, 01 | 50 | Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam | 69, 52 | 63, 48 | 75, 46 | |
9 | Stavropol cheeb tsam | 72, 75 | 67, 91 | 77, 27 | 51 | Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam | 69, 42 | 63, 06 | 75, 75 | |
10 | Krasnodar cheeb tsam | 72, 29 | 67, 16 | 77, 27 | 52 | Tula cheeb tsam | 69, 41 | 63, 22 | 75, 57 | |
11 | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra | 72, 23 | 67, 27 | 77, 08 | 53 | Thaj tsam Samara | 69, 40 | 63, 28 | 75, 50 | |
12 | Belgorod cheeb tsam | 72, 16 | 66, 86 | 77, 32 | 54 | Vologodskaya cheeb tsam | 69, 35 | 63, 21 | 75, 63 | |
13 | Republic of Tatarstan | 72, 12 | 66, 35 | 77, 73 | 55 | Mari El Republic | 69, 30 | 62, 82 | 76, 13 | |
14 | Koom pheej ntawm Adygea | 71, 80 | 66, 55 | 76, 97 | 56 | Komi koom pheej | 69, 27 | 63, 22 | 75, 39 | |
15 | cheeb tsam Penza | 71, 54 | 65, 47 | 77, 52 | 57 | Republic of Karelia | 69, 19 | 63, 17 | 75, 05 | |
16 | Volgograd cheeb tsam | 71, 42 | 66, 11 | 76, 57 | 58 | cheeb tsam Vladimir | 69, 13 | 62, 78 | 75, 44 | |
17 | cheeb tsam Rostov | 71, 39 | 66, 34 | 76, 28 | 59 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha (Yakutia) | 69, 13 | 63, 54 | 75, 00 | |
18 | Tyumen cheeb tsam | 71, 35 | 65, 97 | 76, 72 | 60 | Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam | 69, 06 | 63, 35 | 74, 77 | |
19 | Republic of Kalmykia | 71, 35 | 65, 65 | 77, 25 | 61 | Orenburg cheeb tsam | 68, 90 | 63, 10 | 74, 82 | |
20 | Astrakhan cheeb tsam | 71, 34 | 65, 91 | 76, 72 | 62 | Smolensk cheeb tsam | 68, 90 | 62, 93 | 74, 97 | |
21 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District | 71, 23 | 66, 53 | 75, 88 | 63 | Perm Territory | 68, 75 | 62, 61 | 74, 89 | |
22 | Tambov Region | 70, 93 | 64, 87 | 77, 15 | 64 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Khakassia | 68, 57 | 62, 95 | 74, 14 | |
23 | Voronezh cheeb tsam | 70, 89 | 64, 81 | 77, 03 | 65 | cheeb tsam Kurgan | 68, 27 | 61, 93 | 74, 97 | |
24 | Chuvash Republic | 70, 79 | 64, 59 | 77, 19 | 66 | Primorsky Krai | 68, 19 | 62, 77 | 73, 92 | |
25 | Moscow cheeb tsam | 70, 78 | 65, 10 | 76, 30 | 67 | Tver cheeb tsam | 68, 13 | 62, 28 | 74, 03 | |
26 | Ryazan cheeb tsam | 70, 74 | 64, 77 | 76, 61 | 68 | Kamchatka Krai | 67, 98 | 62, 59 | 74, 07 | |
27 | Saratov cheeb tsam | 70, 67 | 65, 01 | 76, 19 | 69 | Khabarovsk cheeb tsam | 67, 92 | 62, 13 | 73, 96 | |
28 | Lipetsk cheeb tsam | 70, 66 | 64, 56 | 76, 77 | 70 | Pskov cheeb tsam | 67, 82 | 61, 81 | 74, 05 | |
29 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Mordovia | 70, 56 | 64, 79 | 76, 39 | 71 | Kemerovo cheeb tsam | 67, 72 | 61, 50 | 74, 04 | |
30 | Kaliningrad cheeb tsam | 70, 51 | 65, 10 | 75, 68 | 72 | Thaj tsam Sakhalin | 67, 70 | 62, 17 | 73, 53 | |
31 | Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam | 70, 50 | 64, 64 | 76, 30 | 73 | Novgorod cheeb tsam | 67, 67 | 60, 89 | 74, 75 | |
32 | Murmansk cheeb tsam | 70, 46 | 65, 15 | 75, 26 | 74 | Lub koom pheej ntawm Buryatia | 67, 67 | 62, 32 | 73, 06 | |
33 | Yaroslavskaya cheeb tsam | 70, 45 | 64, 25 | 76, 37 | 75 | Altai koom pheej | 67, 34 | 61, 48 | 73, 44 | |
34 | Leningrad cheeb tsam | 70, 36 | 64, 73 | 76, 05 | 76 | Thaj tsam Magadan | 67, 12 | 61, 84 | 72, 77 | |
35 | Tomsk cheeb tsam | 70, 33 | 64, 78 | 75, 90 | 77 | Transbaikal cheeb tsam | 67, 11 | 61, 47 | 73, 10 | |
36 | Kirov cheeb tsam | 70, 26 | 64, 31 | 76, 29 | 78 | Irkutsk cheeb tsam | 66, 72 | 60, 32 | 73, 28 | |
37 | Oryol Region | 70, 22 | 64, 36 | 75, 92 | 79 | Amur cheeb tsam | 66, 38 | 60, 59 | 72, 59 | |
38 | Novosibirsk cheeb tsam | 70, 19 | 64, 29 | 76, 13 | 80 | Nenets Autonomous District | 65, 76 | 60, 22 | 75, 21 | |
39 | Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam | 70, 16 | 64, 11 | 76, 27 | 81 | Jewish Autonomous Region | 64, 94 | 58, 84 | 71, 66 | |
40 | cheeb tsam Kursk | 70, 14 | 64, 27 | 76, 00 | 82 | Chukotka Autonomous Region | 62, 11 | 58, 65 | 66, 42 | |
41 | Kaluga cheeb tsam | 70, 02 | 64, 43 | 75, 51 | 83 | Tyva Republic | 61, 79 | 56, 37 | 67, 51 | |
42 | Udmurtia | 69, 92 | 63, 52 | 76, 33 | Nco tseg: Crimea thiab Sevastopol, uas nkag mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv 2014, tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. |
Qhov xwm txheej tau qhia meej meej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia
Lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 2011
Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov rooj, cov duab kos thiab kev nthuav qhia, yog cov cuab yeej rau cov thawj coj thiab cov koom haum tsim cai los pab txiav txim siab hauv kev nom kev tswv thiab kev lag luam.
Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb no
Lub neej expectancy nyob ntawm ntau yam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:
- caj ces;
- khoom noj zoo;
- qib kev kho mob;
- kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua neej nyob;
- ecological xwm txheej thiab climatic yam ntxwv;
- kev kawm ntawm cov pejxeem;
- cwj pwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv paus hauv cov neeg;
- domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.
Keeb kwm, Russia yog inferior nyob rau hauv lub neej expectancy rau nws cov neeg nyob ze. Qhov sib txawv tseem mus txog niaj hnub no. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb:
- huab cua hnyav thiab kev deb heev;
- kev tsov kev rog, kev sib kis thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th;
- kev ua yuam kev ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua, kev tawm tsam tib neeg txoj cai thaum kawg ntawm eras.
Txaus siab rau tus qauv ntawm kev nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb? Nyeem txog Mongolia: //emigrant.guru/kuda/osobennosti-zhizni-v-mongolii-i-voprosyi-immigratsii.html
Nyob rau hauv 2010, raws li lub UN, Lavxias teb sab lub neej expectancy ntawm 66, 7 xyoo yog nyob rau hauv lub modest 136th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qeb duas. Ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm yav dhau los USSR, qhov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv Tajikistan, Kazakhstan thiab Turkmenistan.
Nyob rau hauv 2015, qhov taw qhia txhim kho, Russia tseem nyob rau hauv lub thib ob puas, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 110th qhov chaw. Rau 5 xyoo, qhov nce los ntawm 26 cov ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv cov lus zauv - 70, 5 xyoo.
Table: UN ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub neej expectancy ntawm cov pejxeem
Kev ntsuas | Lub teb chaws | ob leeg poj niam | tus txiv. | poj niam |
m. qib |
f. qib |
1 | Nyiv | 83, 7 | 80, 5 | 86, 8 | 7 | 1 |
2 | Switzerland | 83, 1 | 80, 0 | 86, 1 | 1 | 6 |
3 | Singapore | 83, 0 | 80, 0 | 85, 0 | 10 | 2 |
4 | Australia | 82, 8 | 80, 9 | 84, 8 | 3 | 7 |
5 | Spain | 82, 8 | 80, 1 | 85, 5 | 9 | 3 |
6 | Iceland | 82, 7 | 81, 2 | 84, 1 | 2 | 10 |
7 | Ltalis | 82, 7 | 80, 5 | 84, 8 | 6 | 8 |
8 | Israel | 82, 5 | 80, 6 | 84, 3 | 5 | 9 |
9 | Fabkis | 82, 4 | 79, 4 | 85, 4 | 4 | 5 |
10 | Sweden | 82, 4 | 80, 7 | 84, 0 | 16 | 12 |
Russia yog ib lub teb chaws nrog LE nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 71, 1-69, 7 xyoo.
Table: Russia nyob rau hauv UN qeb duas
106 | Kyrgyzstan | 71, 1 | 67, 2 | 75, 1 | 111 | 102 |
107 | Egypt | 70, 9 | 68, 8 | 73, 2 | 100 | 111 |
108 | Bolivia | 70, 7 | 68, 2 | 73, 3 | 103 | 110 |
109 | DPRK | 70, 6 | 67, 0 | 74, 0 | 113 | 108 |
110 | Russia | 70, 5 | 64, 7 | 76, 3 | 127 | 89 |
111 | Kazakhstan | 70, 5 | 65, 7 | 74, 7 | 123 | 106 |
112 | Belize | 70, 1 | 67, 5 | 73, 1 | 110 | 114 |
113 | Fiji | 69, 9 | 67, 0 | 73, 1 | 114 | 115 |
114 | Butane | 69, 8 | 69, 5 | 70, 1 | 97 | 126 |
115 | Tajikistan | 69, 7 | 66, 6 | 73, 6 | 116 | 109 |
Xav txog tej yam "zoo" raws li qhov loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam, ntim ntawm kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, tus nqi ntawm cov kub thiab txawv teb chaws pauv reserves, txoj hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub UN ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem hu ua kev nyuaj siab, tsis tsim nyog rau qhov muaj peev xwm, tshwj tsis yog., tau kawg, peb coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov zoo dynamics ntawm tsib lub xyoos dhau los.
Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau Russia lub lagging qab ntau lub teb chaws vam meej nyob rau hauv lub neej expectancy yog hais tias cov theem ntawm kev txom nyem thiab tsis sib xws, thiab tej zaum txawm tsis ncaj ncees, faib ntawm cov nyiaj tau los tseem muaj siab. Ntau lab tus tib neeg tsis tau txais kev lees paub ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo tshaj tawm los ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Lavxias. Kev ua txhaum cai, kev quav yeeb tshuaj, kev quav dej caw, kev xav tua tus kheej ua rau kev tuag ntxov thiab tam sim ntawd. Tsis muaj kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov thawj coj saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev ua rau cov pej xeem poob. Kev tsis txaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kho mob, cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis txaus rau GOST cov qauv yuav txo tau lub neej zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv txhua cheeb tsam. Muaj ntau yam teeb meem thiab txhua yam yuav tsum tau daws.
Kev cia siab rau lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv Russia
Cov xwm txheej pej xeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sab nraud thiab cov txheej txheem sab hauv hauv zej zog. Txhawm rau kom cov kev hloov pauv zoo ntawm xyoo tas los no yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab tsis thim rov qab, kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm lub xeev kev coj noj coj ua yog xav tau ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem.
Qhov kev xav rau lub sijhawm tam sim no yog optimistic
- Kev lag luam yog qhia kev ruaj ntseg. Lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua tshaj tawm kev nce ntxiv hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg.
- Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob qhia txog kev txo qis hauv kev tuag hauv oncology, tuberculosis thiab kab mob plawv.
- Kev tsis kam haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv yog tsim los ntawm cov pej xeem. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau nce ntxiv. Muaj tus cwj pwm loj hauv kev ua kis las thiab kev kawm lub cev.
- Nyob rau hauv 2017, yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws txoj cai thiab yuav txo tau ntawm tensions nrog NATO lub teb chaws.
Muaj ntau yam, qee qhov yuav nce ntxiv, lwm tus tsis muaj zog. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem pej xeem yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb.
Eduard Gavrilov
Tsoomfwv Lavxias tau ntseeg siab tias nyob rau yav tom ntej Russia tseem yuav nce ntxiv hauv UN qhov kev ntsuas
Thawj Tswj Hwm Dmitry Medvedev
Lavxias Minister of Health Veronika Skvortsova
Yog tias tsoomfwv ua tiav nws cov phiaj xwm tiag tiag kom nce cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pejxeem thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo, ces lub neej expectancy yuav loj hlob ntxiv. Cov pej xeem tuaj yeem pab tsoomfwv ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm pej xeem los ntawm kev saib xyuas lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tso tseg tus cwj pwm phem thiab koom nrog kev kawm lub cev thiab kev ua kis las.
Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tsis tu ncua tso rau pem hauv ntej lub tswv yim los ua qhov taw qhia ntawm nruab nrab lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yog lub ntsiab rau kev txiav txim cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos. Txoj kev pib tsis pom kev txhawb nqa kev cai lij choj, tab sis tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev tuag thiab tus nqi ntawm kev ciaj sia rau txhua pawg ntawm cov pejxeem qhia meej meej txog lub xeev ntawm tib neeg thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov pej xeem.
Pom zoo:
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Freemasonry nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th
Cov tsev so, uas muaj cov neeg German, Fabkis, thiab Askiv, ua haujlwm raws li kev cai sib txawv, thiab ob peb tus neeg Lavxias uas tau pib rau hauv lawv pom lawv tus kheej koom nrog ntau yam Masonic systems. Cov nom tswv Lavxias tau koom nrog Masonic lodges txawv teb chaws, piv txwv li, Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov, uas tau txais mus rau Berlin Lodge ntawm Peb Lub Ntiaj Teb thaum Lub Peb Hlis 16, 1761
Kuv yog zaub qhwv, koj yog nqaij, thiab qhov nruab nrab peb noj zaub qhwv: cov nyiaj hli nruab nrab raug thuam hauv Is Taws Nem raws li Rosstat
Ib nthwv dej ntawm kev npau taws ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm tsis ntev los no ntawm Rosstat ntawm qhov nruab nrab nominal nyiaj hli nyob rau hauv Russia. Rosstat hais tias cov nyiaj hli ntawm Lavxias teb sab nce nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis los ntawm 10.4 thiab tam sim no sawv ntawm 43 550 rubles
Cov cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab European poj niam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th
Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lub suab ntawm cov poj niam pib suab nrov: kev sib deev ncaj ncees pib muaj kev tawm tsam rau lawv txoj cai. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias, feem ntau, kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws lagged qab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov poj niam txoj cai tau nce zuj zus. Thiab nws muaj feem cuam tshuam txog cov khoom vaj khoom tsev
Consumer fever nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1930s
Nyob rau hauv 1934-35 nyob rau hauv lub USSR, poob nthav rau ntau tus neeg mob kub taub hau pib. Cov khw noj mov tau qhib, khw muag khoom noj thiab khaub ncaws. Cov ntawv xov xwm zam tau txhawb nqa hedonism. Cov neeg siv khoom lub vaj kaj siab pib raug yuam rau cov neeg txawj ntse: nws tau txais cov niam tsev, tsheb, chav tsev tshiab
Qhov nruab nrab nyiaj laus nyob rau hauv Russia yog 20% tsawg tshaj li ib tug nom thiab tus nqi rau 9827 rubles
Xws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev pabcuam ntawm Public TV ntawm Russia raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm cov neeg saib los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Txhua lub lim tiam, OTP cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tshawb pom tias daim duab tiag tiag ntawm kev noj qab haus huv nyiaj txiag ntawm cov pej xeem txawv li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais