Lub nroog nyob qhov twg? Ntu 7. Lub nroog Antediluvian, los yog vim li cas thawj cov plag tsev hauv av?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov ntawv qub muab los ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm

Palace ntawm Peter 1 (1716)

Txhua lub nroog qub muaj vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai. Ua tib zoo saib ntawm no engraving. Thawj pem teb ntawm lub tsev tau ploj mus, nws yog qhov qub, qub heev.

Los yog ntawm no, kuj nyob rau hauv 1716 (engraving. Alexey Zubov).

Lub ntsiab nkag thiab lub qhov rais ntawm thawj pem teb yog tob rau hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau ntau xyoo nws yuav tsum tau sawv mus txog rau xws li ib tug xeev?

Ntawm no yog daim duab hnub no, lub tsev muaj 300 xyoo. Sib piv txoj kev theem nrog rau theem hauv av.

Thiab yuav ua li cas qhov no haum rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim kho thoob ntiaj teb? Founded rau lub Tsib Hlis 16, 1703, thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tag nrho lub nroog, nrog infrastructure, fortresses, chaw nres nkoj, palaces thiab vaj, yog commissioned, raws li lawv hais, nyob rau hauv ib tug turnkey. kuv tsis ntseeg!!!

Xav txog cov architecture ntawm St. Petersburg, muaj ntau cov lus nug tshwm sim rau architects. Paub tias lub nroog muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhua lub tsev vim qee qhov sawv hauv caug-ntev hauv dej, hauv qab daus hauv qab yog dej nyab, yog li lo lus nug: LEEJ TWG YUAV UA LI CAS? … los yog twb yog. Xav txog ob peb daim duab kos thiab duab ntawm dej nyab hauv kev sib koom tes. Yog tias cov duab kos tuaj yeem ua rau tus kws kos duab lub tswv yim, ces cov duab qhia keeb kwm qhov tseeb, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm nws.

Ntawm no yog daim ntawv qhia kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub nroog.

Tej zaum, ntawm cov neeg nyeem tsis muaj ib tus neeg uas tsis paub txog cov paj huam los ntawm A. S. Pushkin's "Bronze Horseman", tab sis ob peb (txawm ntawm Petersburgers) pom qhov tseeb txoj kev npaj ntawm nto moo dej nyab piav los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Cov phiaj xwm zoo li no tau ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab tshaj tawm A. Savinkov, uas tau ua haujlwm hauv Depot of Maps, tsim los ntawm Paul I tsab cai lij choj nyob rau xyoo 1797. Cov chaw dej nyab thaum dej nyab xyoo 1824 yog cov xim xiav.

"Kev npaj ntawm lub nroog lub nroog ntawm St. Petersburg". Engraver A. Savinkov (St. Petersburg, 1825). Copper engraving, 1040ґ1010 hli.

Thiab tam sim no cov duab ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19

Paub txog cov dej nyab ntawm lub nroog, cov kws tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum tau muab cov hauv paus loj thiab cov hauv paus loj, nrog rau qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim kho nws tsis yooj yim, tab sis … Basements ntau dua li thawj cov plag tsev uas tau poob rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tsar, kuv yuav khaws xws li architects rau Solovki … los yog lawv tsis tsim? niaj hnub saib dua. Peb paub ntau npaum li cas cov nqi kho dua tam sim no, tej zaum cov haujlwm no tau muab zais raws li kev tsim kho. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv rau feem ntau ntawm cov tsev tsis ploj, tab sis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm.

Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim ntawm kev kho dua tshiab, lub colonnade zoo li tsis zoo nyob rau theem ntawm peb thiab plaub hauv pem teb, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau tsa, txwv tsis pub cov kab yuav yog ib feem peb qis dua hauv av.

Thiab ntawm no lawv twb tub nkeeg dhau mus khawb lawv, sab laug li nws yog.

Qhov rai hauv qab daus ntawm Hermitage.

Txawm tias ib tug tshiab architect yuav qhia rau koj hais tias semi-basements tsis ua nrog xws li qhov rais. Lub qhov rais tau pw tom qab. Tom qab ntawd, koj nug … ntawm no kuv sim nrhiav.

Screenshot los ntawm ib tug yees duab ntawm NTV channel. Hermitage, hauv qab daus.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov hauv paus ntawm Alexandria Kem, Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav …, St. Isaac's Cathedral thiab lwm tus … ntau npaum li cas yuav poob rau hauv qhov chaw, tab sis puas yog cov neeg muaj hwj chim xav tau nws poob rau hauv qhov chaw?

Ntxiv, ib tsab xov xwm nthuav txog tib lub ntsiab lus: Ancient civilizations tau them nrog xuab zeb.

Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav heev txog lub nroog cartography: maps thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm St.

Cov duab ntawm cov tsev zaum hauv av yuav luag rau hauv pem teb. Niaj hnub no.

Txawm li cas los xij, lawv hais tias rau ob puas xyoo, tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv hauv lawv qhov tsos.

Yog tias koj pom dab tsi yog ib lub hauv paus hauv qab daus tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab, ces nws pom tseeb tau txais kev cawmdim ntawm lub qhov rais.

St. Petersburg 23 kab V. O., lub tsev ntawm Mining University

Lub tsev ntawm P. A. Syreishchikova (Rakhmanovs). Vorontsovo Txoj Kev.(Yog lawm, lub qhov rais ntawm thawj pem teb yuav tsum tau rov ua dua, tab sis koj tuaj yeem mus qhov twg.)

Tsev ntawm Steingel (Lopatina). Gagarinsky Txoj Kev. (Thiab leej twg tsim zoo li ntawd, lub hauv paus nrog lub qhov rais, nws yuav ua li cas?)

Lub tsev loj ntawm P. P. Kiseleva (N. A. Cherkasskaya). Bolshaya Nikitskaya txoj kev. (Saib xyuas, sab xis, yuav ua li cas lub qhov rooj tau rub, lawv nyob hauv pem teb ntawm lub qhov rais thib ob)

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Muravyov-Apostles. Old Basmannaya txoj kev. (Thawj pem teb yuav tsum, tsawg kawg, yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov thib ob, lub hauv paus tseem tsis tau muab tso tseg. Tab sis nws tob npaum li cas yog faus, lub hauv paus heev?)

Yusupov Palace ntawm Moika

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pem teb, lub Great Catherine Palace kuj nthuav. Ntawm no yog daim duab niaj hnub.

Peb pem teb thiab ib lub me me av embankment nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv paus yog kom meej meej pom.

Tam sim no xav txog ib daim duab ntawm lub palace tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas ib tug embankment yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, lub qhov rais pom meej meej, uas tom qab ntawd yuav muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv los ntawm builders thiab restorers.

Ntawm no yog ib daim duab niaj hnub, nrhiav qhov rais qhov twg

Koj tuaj yeem saib cov duab kos thiab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lawv kuj tseem ceeb.

Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tsis muaj qhov rais hauv av, tab sis lawv pom meej meej ntawm lub tsev nruab nrab. Qhov no txhais li cas?… Qhov tseeb hais tias tag nrho cov outbuildings yog tom qab.

Ntawm no yog engravings los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Catherine

Yog tias koj saib ze ntawm peb lub tsev nruab nrab, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov rais ze rau hauv av.

Nov yog lwm daim duab nthuav.

Tseem tsis tau muaj av embankment thiab hauv qab yog pom.

Kuv xav ua tsaug rau Andrey Bogdanov, uas tau xa cov duab no rau ntawm no.

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus sau cov duab:

Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los qhia qhov piv ntawm qib nrog cov duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim muaj ob peb ntawm lawv!

Thiab yog li ntawm daim duab 1 yog qib uas twb muaj lawm ntawm lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev loj.

Hauv daim duab 2 muaj lub qhov rooj khaws cia rau hauv pem teb 1.

Yees duab 3 qhia pom qhov pom ntawm hauv qab daus mus rau lub qhov rais nteg. Tseem muaj cov laus thiab ntxaum masonries.

Nov yog ib tsab xov xwm nthuav dav hauv qab qhov txuas: Lub imperial metro nyob ze St.

Lub Alexander Palace kuj yooj yim haum rau hauv txoj kev xav ntawm hauv pem teb skidding.

Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev skid, ntawm no yog ib daim duab

Cov dej theem siab dua li theem ntawm "hauv qab daus" hauv pem teb, yog li nws tsis tau tsim txawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Ntawm no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub qab daus ntawm lub palace, theem hauv pem teb tau tsa los ntawm ntau tshaj ib 'meter' twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Ib nrab-ntev qhov rais qhib tau pom meej heev. Mus tob los ntawm 120-140 cm, peb tuaj hla lwm lub pob zeb hauv pem teb, thiab txawm qis dua ntawm qhov seem ntawm lub hauv paus. Rau kev sib piv, Moscow Kremlin (raws li official version, nws yog 300 xyoo, tab sis lub qab nthab ntawm thawj pem teb yog ib txwm, tsis tas yuav nteg mus rau ib nrab ntawm lub qhov rais).

Me ntsis keeb kwm. Ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm Srednyaya thiab Dvortsovaya txoj kev, ib tug ntawm cov keeb kwm monuments ntawm Pushkin flaunts - lub dacha ntawm Giacomo Quarenghi. Muaj ib zaug, 200 xyoo dhau los, muaj ib tug kws kes duab vajtse zoo nyob hauv lub teb chaws no. … Tus kws kos duab Italian Giacomo Quarenghi tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Russia raws li kev caw ntawm Catherine II hauv 1779. Nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias kev pabcuam kom txog thaum nws tuag hauv 1817, tsim nws cov kev tsim zoo tshaj plaws hauv St. Petersburg thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig, uas coj nws lub koob meej hauv ntiaj teb.. Lub sijhawm ci ntsa iab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog txuam nrog Tsarskoe Selo. Rau ob xyoo caum ntawm 1780 txog 1800. ntawm no, raws li nws tej yaam num thiab nyob rau hauv nws ncaj qha saib xyuas, muaj ib tug yuav luag tas mus li kev tsim kho. Nws rov tsim kho qhov chaw sab hauv hauv Zubovsky lub tsev ntawm Grand Palace, ua kom txias thiab Turkish da dej, Concert Hall, chav ua noj puas tsuaj, Turkish kiosk, txuas hniav thiab, thaum kawg, tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb - Alexander Palace. Raug yuam kom nquag thiab nyob ntev hauv Tsarskoe Selo, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau tig mus rau lub tsev hais plaub nrog kev thov kom muab nws thiab nws tsev neeg nrog tsoomfwv vaj tse. Qhov kev thov tau tso cai …

… Ib lub laj kab zoo nkauj kawg-rau-kawg faib thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw faib los ntawm Quarenghi nyob rau hauv Catherine II ua ob kwv yees li ntawm qhov sib npaug, ntawm qhov me me, sab qab teb, tau muab tso tseg rau lub tshav puam nrog lub tsev manor thiab cov kev pabcuam, thiab qhov loj, sab qaum teb, rau ib lub vaj toj roob hauv pes nrog lub pas dej thiab lub vaj pavilion (Khaus lub tsev) thiab lub tsev cog khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub album ntawm 1833 "Costumes thiab views ntawm St. Petersburg thiab ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam" muaj ntau paintings, piv txwv li, daim duab no.

Keeb kwm hais tias lub tsev nyob rau sab laug twb nyuam qhuav ua tiav. Ib lo lus nug ncaj ncees tshwm sim: yog vim li cas lub qhov rais hauv qab daus tau pw, vim li cas? Yog tias lawv tsis xav tau, vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim. Ib qho yooj yim plinth yog ntau pheej yig dua. Yog tias koj xav tau, vim li cas koj thiaj tso nws?

Tab sis yog tias koj khawb tob, peb mus rau plaub meters los ntawm qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem ntog rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv no. Igor Garbuz, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm lub koom haum rau Keeb Kwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, hais txog qhov kev khawb: Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog muab lawv nrog cov pob zeb tawg, kuv txhais tau tias granite, pob zeb, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm rau lawv. Xav txog seb koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev ntau npaum li cas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, los ua ib lub pob zeb granite tawm ntawm ib qho. pob zeb.” …thiab faus nws plaub meters hauv av (qhov no yog los ntawm kuv).

Underground Petersburg tseem yuav muab faib … lossis muag

Cov kws tshaj lij tawm tswv yim commission ntawm lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv hauv av tau rov tsim dua hauv St. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj: teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw hauv av ntawm St. Txog tam sim no, tsuas yog cov lus nug …

1. Puas yog St. Petersburg npaj rau qhov no - kev cai lij choj, kev cai lij choj, kev tawm tswv yim?

2. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj yog dab tsi hauv kev ua raws li kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv kev tsim kho hauv av, hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam vaj tsev?

3. Puas muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov chaw hauv av hauv thaj chaw ruaj ntseg, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li cas?

4. Cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog dab tsi ua ntej yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev xeem?

Raws li Vladimir Ulitskiy, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm, lub nroog tsis muaj tswv yim npaj rau kev txhim kho hauv av - tsis muaj ib qho kev npaj rau kev tsim kho hauv av.

Ntawm no yog HUGE cov duab ntawm cov qub Peter.

Ua tsaug rau tus sau ntawm lub xaib rau txoj haujlwm zoo li no.

Sau ntawv ntawm tus neeg dhuav. Saint Petersburg.

Thiab ntawm no yog cov tsev tsim hauv xyoo pua 18th, raws li cov haujlwm zoo sib xws …

Man-Tess. Lub tsev so me me nyob hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog hauv qub Riga. Lub tsev so (18th caug xyoo) tau koom nrog tus kws kos duab nto moo Riga Kr. Haberland. (Qhov siab ntawm thawj pem teb yog qhov nws yuav tsum yog.)

Lub tsev ntawm Degtyarev (Degtyarevs, ib tug qub KALUGA tub lag luam tsev neeg). Fedor Fedotov, tus tub ntawm Degtyarev - MUROMSKY tub lag luam ntawm lub 3rd guild. Phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg uas tau kos npe rau xyoo 1781 los ntawm cov bourgeoisie mus rau cov tub lag luam. (Thawj pem teb yog raws li nws yuav tsum tau).

Lub ntsiab kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Moscow kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th yog qhib ntawm Moscow University nyob rau hauv 1755 (Qhov siab ntawm thawj pem teb yog ib txwm.)

Lub tsev ntawm lub qub chaw nres tsheb hauv Taganrog. (Qhov siab ntawm thawj pem teb yog kom meej meej siab dua, txhua yam yog raws li nws yuav tsum tau).

Hotel Loj Moscow. Rostov-on-Don. (Thawj pem teb yog ok).

Penza Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Railway Thauj. (Thawj pem teb yog ok).

Ntawm no yog ib qho kev xaiv tag nrho ntawm cov duab ntawm Moscow cov tsev uas muaj hnub nyoog tib yam li cov tuam tsev St. Raws li kuv tsis tau saib ze, zoo li kuv tsis tau piv cov plag tsev, cov tsev hauv Moscow tau tsim kom raug, nrog cov hauv paus, lossis hauv qab daus muaj zog. Yog li vim li cas cov architects tsim cov tsev sib txawv nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv St. Petersburg nrog lub qhov taub, thiab hauv Moscow tsis muaj lawv?

Muaj ib qho kev xav txawv txawv ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, yog vim li cas thoob plaws Russia thiab Europe, tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev zoo sib xws hauv kev tsim tsim, thiab tsuas yog nyob hauv lub nroog St. Petersburg xwb lawv tau faus rau hauv pem teb ntawm ib lub tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub nroog ntawm St. qee qhov chaw hauv pem teb hauv av? Tej zaum lawv tau khawb los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav, tawm hauv thawj pem teb qhov twg tiag tiag?