Tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet robotics

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov lus piav qhia zoo ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet robotics.

Robotization nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, lub USSR yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no neeg hlau. Contrary to tag nrho cov assertions ntawm bourgeois propagandists thiab politicians, lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo lawm muaj peev xwm tig los ntawm ib lub teb chaws nrog ib tug neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv mus rau hauv ib tug advanced chaw hwj chim.

Cia peb xav txog qee qhov - tab sis tsis yog txhua yam - piv txwv ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem neeg hlau.

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, ib tug ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv Soviet, Vadim Matskevich, tsim ib tug neeg hlau uas txav tau nrog nws sab tes xis. Kev tsim cov neeg hlau tau siv sijhawm 2 xyoos, tag nrho lub sijhawm no tus menyuam tub tau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tig ntawm Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12, Vadim twb txawv los ntawm nws ingenuity. Nws tsim ib lub xov tooj cua tswj me me armored tsheb uas tau tua hluav taws.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no, cov kab tsis siv neeg rau kev ua cov kabmob qhov chaw tau tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm 40s, kev tsim cov pistons rau lub tsheb laij teb tau tsim thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog automated: los ntawm kev thauj khoom raw mus rau ntim khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 40s, Soviet kws tshawb fawb Sergei Lebedev ua tiav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thawj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union hluav taws xob digital computer MESM, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1950. Lub khoos phis tawj no tau dhau los ua qhov nrawm tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Ib xyoo tom qab, lub Soviet Union tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev tswj tsis siv neeg rau cov khoom siv tub rog thiab tsim lub Department of Special Robotics thiab Mechatronics.

Nyob rau hauv 1958, Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj semiconductor AVM (analog computer) MN-10, uas yeej cov qhua ntawm lub exhibition hauv New York. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshawb fawb cybernetic Viktor Glushkov tau qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm "lub hlwb zoo li" lub khoos phis tawj uas yuav txuas ntau lab tus processors thiab pab txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nco.

Analog computer MN-10

Thaum xyoo 1950s, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Soviet tau tuaj yeem thaij duab nyob deb ntawm lub hli thawj zaug. Qhov no tau ua tiav siv qhov chaw nres tsheb tsis siv neeg "Luna-3". Thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 24, 1970, Soviet spacecraft Luna-16 tau xa cov qauv av los ntawm lub hli mus rau lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no tau rov ua dua nrog Luna-20 apparatus hauv xyoo 1972.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg hlau hauv tsev thiab kev tshawb fawb yog kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom tsim npe tom qab V. I. Lavochkin apparatus "Lunokhod-1". Qhov no yog ib tiam thib ob paub neeg hlau. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog sensor systems, uas lub ntsiab ib tug yog lub technical vision system (STZ). Lunokhod-1 thiab Lunokhod-2, tsim nyob rau hauv 1970-1973, tswj los ntawm ib tug tib neeg tus neeg teb xov tooj nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas hom, tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub hli mus rau lub ntiaj teb. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1975 lub automatic interplanetary chaw nres tsheb Venera-9 thiab Venera-10 twb launched nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nrog kev pab los ntawm repeaters, lawv kis tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw ntawm Venus, tsaws rau nws.

Lub ntiaj teb thawj rover "Lunokhod-1"

Nyob rau hauv 1962, ib tug humanoid neeg hlau "REKS" tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas ua excursions rau cov me nyuam.

Txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub 60s, lub loj kev taw qhia ntawm thawj domestic neeg hlau mus rau hauv kev lag luam pib nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, kev loj hlob ntawm scientific thiab technical foundations thiab cov koom haum muaj feem xyuam rau robotics. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm qhov chaw hauv qab dej los ntawm cov neeg hlau pib tsim kho sai, kev ua tub rog thiab chaw tsim kho tau txhim kho.

Ib qho kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb hauv cov xyoo ntawd yog kev txhim kho lub dav hlau tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas dav hlau DBR-1, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab Sab Hnub Poob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub drone no tau txais lub npe I123K, nws cov serial ntau lawm tau tsim los ntawm 1964.

IB - 1

Nyob rau hauv 1966, Voronezh kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib tug manipulator rau stacking hlau los xij.

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev txhim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb hauv qab dej tau ceev nrawm nrog lwm yam kev ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1968, lub koom haum ntawm Oceanology ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR, ua ke nrog lub Leningrad Polytechnic lub koom haum thiab lwm yam universities, tsim ib tug ntawm cov thawj neeg hlau rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub underwater ntiaj teb no - ib tug computer-tswj ntaus ntawv "Manta". (ntawm hom "Octopus"). Nws txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev hnov tsw apparatus ua rau nws tuaj yeem ntes thiab khaws cov khoom taw qhia los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj, nqa mus rau "tele-qhov muag" lossis muab tso rau hauv lub bunker rau kev kawm, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom hauv dej teeb meem.

Nyob rau hauv 1969, nyob rau hauv Central Research Institute ntawm Ministry of Defense Industry nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm B. N. Surnin pib tsim kev lag luam neeg hlau "Universal-50". Thiab nyob rau hauv 1971, thawj prototypes ntawm industrial robots ntawm thawj tiam tau tshwm sim - robots UM-1 (tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm PNBelyanin thiab B. Sh. Rozin) thiab UPK-1 (nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm VI Aksenov), nruab nrog software systems tswj thiab tsim los ua haujlwm machining, txias stamping, electroplating.

Automation nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no txawm mus txog lub ntsiab lus uas ib tug neeg hlau cutter tau qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ateliers. Nws tau programmed rau tus qauv, ntsuas qhov loj ntawm tus neeg siv khoom daim duab mus rau txiav cov ntaub.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s, ntau factories hloov mus rau automated kab. Piv txwv li, Petrodvorets saib Hoobkas "Raketa" tso tseg kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab saib thiab hloov mus rau cov kab neeg hlau ua cov haujlwm no. Yog li, ntau tshaj 300 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau tso tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm 6 zaug. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau txhim kho thiab tus naj npawb ntawm kev tsis lees paub tau poob qis heev. Rau kev tsim khoom siab thiab tsim nyog, cov nroj tsuag tau muab tsub rau Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Red Banner of Labor hauv xyoo 1971.

Petrodvorets Watch Factory "Raketa"

Xyoo 1973, thawj zaug hauv USSR mobile industrial robots MP-1 thiab "Sprut" tau sib sau ua ke thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm OKB TC ntawm Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv txawm tuav thawj lub ntiaj teb chess championship ntawm cov khoos phis tawj, qhov twg. tus yeej yog Soviet program "Kaissa".

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1974, lub Council of Ministers ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv ib tug tsoom fwv decree ntawm lub Xya hli ntuj 22, 1974 "Nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas los npaj cov kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg manipulators rau mechanical engineering" qhia: los xaiv OKB TK ua lub koom haum tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob. ntawm industrial robots rau mechanical engineering. Raws li tsab cai lij choj ntawm USSR State Committee rau Science thiab Technology, thawj 30 serial industrial robots tau tsim los pab ntau yam kev lag luam: rau vuam, kev pabcuam xovxwm thiab tshuab cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Kedr, Invariant thiab Skat magnetic navigation systems rau spaceships, submarines thiab dav hlau pib nyob rau hauv Leningrad.

Kev taw qhia ntawm ntau lub tshuab xam zauv tsis sawv ntsug. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1977 V. Burtsev tsim thawj symmetric multiprocessor computer complex (MCC) "Elbrus-1". Rau kev tshawb fawb interplanetary, Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib qho tseem ceeb neeg hlau "Centaur" tswj los ntawm M-6000 complex. Lub navigation ntawm lub computer complex no muaj ib tug gyroscope thiab ib tug tuag reckoning system nrog ib tug odometer; nws kuj yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug laser scanning nrug meter thiab ib tug tactile sensor uas ua rau nws tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig.

Cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 70s suav nrog cov neeg hlau muaj xws li "Universal", PR-5, Brig-10, MP-9S, TUR-10 thiab ntau tus qauv.

Xyoo 1978, USSR tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv "Industrial robots" (M.: Min-Stankoprom ntawm USSR; Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFSR; NIIMash; Design Bureau of Technical Cybernetics ntawm Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, 109 p.), Uas. nthuav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm 52 tus qauv ntawm cov neeg hlau muaj thiab ob tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev tswj xyuas phau ntawv.

Los ntawm 1969 txog 1979, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab ua kom tiav thiab kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam tau nce los ntawm 22, 4 txog 83, 5 txhiab, thiab cov lag luam mechanized - los ntawm 1, 9 txog 6, 1 txhiab.

Nyob rau hauv 1979, nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lawv pib tsim high-performance multiprocessor UVKs nrog ib tug reconfigurable PS 2000 qauv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm daws tau ntau yam lej thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Ib lub tshuab rau kev ua haujlwm sib luag tau tsim, uas tso cai rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev txawj ntse tsim los tsim. Nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Cybernetics, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm N. Amosov, lub legendary neeg hlau "Kid" tau tsim, uas yog tswj los ntawm ib tug kev kawm neural network. Xws li ib tug system, nrog kev pab los ntawm uas ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm neural tes hauj lwm tau ua, qhia qhov zoo nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub tom kawg tshaj ib txwm algorithmic sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub Soviet Union tau tsim ib tug revolutionary qauv ntawm lub thib ob tiam computer - BESM-6, nyob rau hauv uas tus qauv ntawm niaj hnub cache nco thawj zaug.

PEB-6

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1979 ntawm Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm KGB, ib qho cuab yeej rau kev pov tseg cov khoom tawg tau tsim - ib qho ultralight mobile neeg hlau MRK-01 (cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg hlau tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov txuas).

Los ntawm 1980, txog 40 tus qauv tshiab ntawm kev lag luam robots nkag mus rau cov khoom lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li qhov kev pab cuam ntawm USSR State Standard, kev ua hauj lwm pib ntawm tus qauv thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg hlau no, thiab nyob rau hauv 1980, thawj pneumatic muaj neeg hlau nrog kev tswj txoj hauj lwm, nruab nrog MP-8 technical visions, tau tshwm sim. Nws tau tsim los ntawm OKB TC ntawm Leningrad Polytechnic lub koom haum, qhov twg Central Research thiab Development Institute of Robotics thiab Technical Cybernetics (TsNII RTK) tau tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov neeg hlau xaim.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv 1980 tus naj npawb ntawm industrial robots nyob rau hauv lub USSR tau tshaj 6,000 daim, uas yog ntau tshaj 20% ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1982, USSR tau dhau los ua tus tsim ntawm Industrial Robots-82 thoob ntiaj teb exhibition. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib phau ntawv luam tawm "Industrial robots thiab manipulators nrog phau ntawv tswj" (Moscow: NIIMash USSR Ministry of Machine-Tool Industry, 100 p.), uas muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm industrial robots tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub USSR (67 qauv).), tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania thiab Czechoslovakia.

Nyob rau hauv 1983, lub USSR tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb P-700 "Granit" complex tsim tshwj xeeb rau Navy, tsim los ntawm NPO Mashinostroyenia (OKB-52), nyob rau hauv uas missiles muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsim thiab faib lub hom phiaj thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Hauv xyoo 1984, cov tshuab tau tsim los rau kev cawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev sib tsoo lub dav hlau thiab cov npe ntawm qhov chaw sib tsoo "Maple", "Marker" thiab "Hu".

Nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Cybernetics, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm USSR Ministry of Defense, ib tug autonomous neeg hlau "MAVR" tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no, uas yuav dawb do mus rau lub hom phiaj los ntawm rugged, nyuaj struts. "MAVR" muaj lub peev xwm hla teb chaws siab thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau xyoo no, thawj qhov hluav taws kub neeg hlau tau tsim thiab siv.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1984, tsoomfwv tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm "Nyob rau kev ua haujlwm nrawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab tsim khoom raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv tau yooj yim", uas tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv kev siv tshuab hauv USSR. Lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua raws li txoj cai hauv kev tsim, kev taw qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau raug xa mus rau USSR Ministry of Machine-Tool Industry. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering thiab metalworking enterprises.

Xyoo 1984, muaj ntau tshaj 75 qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv nrog cov neeg hlau, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov neeg hlau ua ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov chaw tsim khoom siv tau yooj yim uas tau siv rau hauv tshuab engineering, ntsuas ntsuas, xov tooj cua thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam yog tau txais lub zog.

Ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab ntawm Soviet Union, hloov pauv hloov pauv (PMM), cov kab hloov pauv hloov pauv (GAL), ntu (GAU) thiab kev cob qhia (GAC) nrog kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia (ATSS) tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Los ntawm thaum pib ntawm 1986, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab no suav nrog ntau dua 80, lawv suav nrog kev tswj hwm nws tus kheej, hloov cuab yeej thiab tshem tawm cov nti, vim tias lub sijhawm tsim khoom raug txo los ntawm 30 zaug, kev txuag ntawm thaj chaw tsim khoom tau nce 30-40. %.

Saj zawg zog Manufacturing Modules

Xyoo 1985, TsNII RTK tau pib tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm onboard robots rau ISS "Buran", nruab nrog ob lub manipulators 15 m ntev, teeb pom kev zoo, TV thiab telemetry systems. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus yog ua haujlwm nrog ntau tuj cargo: unloading, docking nrog lub orbital chaw nres tsheb. Thiab hauv 1988 ISS Energia-Buran tau pib. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm qhov project yog V. P. Glushko thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet. ISS Energia-Buran tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1980s hauv USSR.

ISS "Energia-Buran": xyuas

Xyoo 1981-1985. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR muaj ib tug tej yam poob ntawm zus tau tej cov neeg hlau vim lub ntiaj teb no ntsoog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis thaum pib ntawm 1986, ntau tshaj 20,000 industrial robots twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm lub USSR Ministry of Instruments.

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1985, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hlau muaj nyob hauv USSR tau nce mus txog 40,000, uas ua rau kwv yees li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg hlau hauv ntiaj teb. Rau kev sib piv: nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tus lej no yog ob peb zaug tsawg dua. Robots tau nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.

Tom qab cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, Moscow State Technical University muaj npe tom qab Bauman, Soviet engineers V. Shvedov, V. Dorotov, M. Chumakov, A. Kalinin sai thiab ntse tsim mobile robots uas pab ua tiav cov kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog thiab ua hauj lwm tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw txaus ntshai - MRK thiab Mobot-ChKhV. Nws paub tias lub sijhawm ntawd cov khoom siv neeg hlau tau siv ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv xov tooj cua tswj bulldozers thiab cov neeg hlau tshwj xeeb rau tshuaj tua kab mob rau thaj tsam ib puag ncig, lub ru tsev thiab lub tsev ntawm chav xwm txheej kub ntxhov ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag.

Mobot-CHHV (mobile robot, Chernobyl, rau cov tub rog tshuaj)

Los ntawm 1985, lub USSR tau tsim Gosstandards rau industrial robots thiab manipulators: cov qauv xws li GOST 12.2.072-82 "Industrial robots. Robotic technological complexes thiab seem. Kev nyab xeeb dav dav ", GOST 25686-85" Manipulators, auto-operators thiab industrial robots. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus "thiab GOST 26053-84" Kev lag luam robots. Kev lees txais. Cov txheej txheem xeem ".

Thaum kawg ntawm lub 80s, txoj hauj lwm ntawm robotizing lub teb chaws kev lag luam tau txais kev ceev ceev: mining, metallurgical, tshuaj, teeb thiab zaub mov industries, ua liaj ua teb, thauj thiab kev tsim kho. Cov cuab yeej siv cuab yeej tsim tau dav tsim, uas dhau mus rau microelectronic puag.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig Soviet xyoo, ib tug neeg hlau yuav hloov los ntawm ib tug mus rau peb tus neeg nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev ua haujlwm, nce kev ua hauj lwm tsim tau los ntawm 20-40% thiab hloov feem ntau cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas tsis muaj peev xwm. Qhov kev sib tw rau Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tsim tawm yog kom txo tus nqi ntawm cov neeg hlau, vim qhov no ua rau muaj kev txwv ntau heev rau txhua tus neeg hlau.

Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, ib tug xov tooj ntawm scientific thiab ntau pab pawg tau koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm theoretical foundations ntawm robotics, kev loj hlob ntawm scientific thiab technical tswv yim, tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm robots thiab robotic systems nyob rau hauv cov xyoo: MSTU im. N. E. Bauman, lub koom haum ntawm Mechanical Engineering. A. A. Blagonravova, Central Research and Development Institute of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (TsNII RTK) ntawm St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Vuam muaj npe tom qab E. O. Paton (Ukraine), Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Siv lej, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Teebmeem, Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Mechanical Engineering Technology (St. Rostov), Experimental Research Institute of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools, Design and Technological Institute of Heavy Engineering, Orgstankoprom, thiab lwm yam.

Cov tswv cuab I. M. Makarov, D. E. Okhotsimsky, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo thiab cov kws tshaj lij M. B. Ignatiev, D. A. Pospelov, A. B. Kobrinsky, G. N. RAB, B. C. Gurfinkel, N. A. Lakota, Yu. G. Kozyrev, V. S. Kuleshov, F. M. Kulakov, IB. Yastrebov, E. G. Nahapetyan, A. V. Timofeev, B. C. Rybak, M. S. Voroshilov, UA Platonov, G. P. Katys, A. P. Bessonov, A. M. Pokrovsky, B. G. Avetikov, UA Korendyasev thiab lwm tus.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwj xeeb tau raug cob qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm tshwj xeeb theem nrab thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm siab heev.

Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab neeg hlau tshwj xeeb "Lavxias tshuab thiab complexes" tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab hauv lub tebchaws (MSTU, SPPI, Kiev, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institutes, thiab lwm yam).

Tau ntau xyoo, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg hlau hauv USSR thiab cov teb chaws ntawm Eastern Europe tau ua nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev koom tes ntawm CMEA cov tswv cuab lub teb chaws (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). Xyoo 1982, cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg sawv cev tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Kev Tsim Kho thiab Lub Koom Haum ntawm Kev Tsim Cov Neeg Hlau, uas tau tsim los ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Tsim (SGC). Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1983, CMEA cov tswv cuab tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo ntawm ntau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev koom tes hauv kev tsim cov neeg hlau thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1985, 41st (extraordinary) CMEA kev sib ntsib tau txais Kev Pabcuam Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb. ntawm CMEA Cov Tswvcuab Lub Tebchaws kom txog rau thaum xyoo 2000, uas muaj cov neeg hlau thiab cov neeg hlau tsim khoom tau suav nrog ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib koom ua ke automation.

Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm USSR, Hungary, German Democratic Republic, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia thiab lwm lub teb chaws ntawm lub socialist camp, ib tug tshiab industrial robots rau hluav taws xob arc vuam "Interrobot-1" tau ntse tsim nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Nrog cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Bulgaria, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm USSR txawm tsim lub koom haum tsim khoom "Liab Proletarian - Beroe", uas tau nruab nrog cov neeg hlau niaj hnub nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm RB-240 series. Lawv tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm pabcuam: thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuab txiav hlau, hloov cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, thauj thiab palletizing qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.

Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub 90s, muaj txog 100,000 units ntawm industrial robots tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, uas hloov ntau tshaj li ib lab tus neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis cov neeg ua hauj lwm tso tawm tseem nrhiav tau hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, ntau tshaj 200 qauv ntawm robots tau tsim thiab tsim. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1989, ntau tshaj 600 lub tuam txhab thiab ntau dua 150 lub koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tsim tau yog ib feem ntawm USSR Ministry of Instrument. Tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam tau tshaj li ib lab.

Soviet engineers npaj los qhia txog kev siv cov neeg hlau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam: mechanical engineering, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho, metallurgy, mining, lub teeb thiab zaub mov kev lag luam, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb.

Nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm USSR, kev npaj ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov neeg hlau nyob rau hauv lub xeev tau nres, thiab cov serial zus tau tej cov neeg hlau ceased. Txawm tias cov neeg hlau uas twb tau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tau ploj lawm: txoj kev ntawm kev tsim khoom yog privatized, tom qab ntawd cov factories tau puas lawm, thiab cov khoom kim heev tshwj xeeb raug rhuav tshem los yog muag rau seem. Capitalism tau los.