Legendary hero ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Ua kom tiav reconstruction ntawm lub feat Alexander Matrosov

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws yog hnub 616 ntawm kev ua rog. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 27, 1943, Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Alexander Matveevich Matrosov, npog lub ntsej muag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab bunker nrog nws lub hauv siab, tau los ua tus hero ntawm Great Patriotic War. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, txhua leej txhua tus paub txog nws feat thiab, zoo li, txhua yam twb paub. Tab sis tsis ntev los no declassified cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Central Archives ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau reconstructed hnub ntawd nyob rau hauv nthuav dav thawj zaug, tab sis kuj yuav ua tau ib qho tseem ceeb kev hloov kho rau lub zoo-paub daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Pib nrog lub fact tias Alexander Matrosov tuag thaum lub sij hawm cua daj cua dub lub zos ntawm Plethen, thiab tsis Chernushki, raws li nws tau sau nyob rau hauv encyclopedias thiab tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv rau hnub no, nrog rau cov ntawv no, peb soj ntsuam yog thawj Lavxias teb sab historian sim sau lub lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug tub rog zoo tib yam rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Pem hauv ntej. Cov neeg ua haujlwm npaj N0057

Ua ntej kuv yog txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Kalinin Front No. 0057 hnub tim 8 Lub Ob Hlis 1943. Hnub no, Alexander Matrosov nrog lub tuam txhab taug kev tseem nyuam qhuav txav mus rau pem hauv ntej (Lub Ob Hlis 5, nws tsuas yog 19 xyoo). Cov ntaub ntawv muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev zais cia: "Sov. zais cia. Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb. " Yog li ntawd, peb daim ntawv theej ntawm txoj kev npaj tau muab sau ua tus cwj mem ntshav thiab kos npe los ntawm tus thawj coj hauv ntej, tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj.

Cov phiaj xwm muab rau kev tsim cov pab pawg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej: kev tswj hwm ntawm ob lub phom phom, 4 phom phom, 6 phom phom (hauv ib qho ntawm lawv - 91st cais npe tom qab Stalin, Matrosov yuav ua haujlwm), 2 ski brigades, 2. corps artillery regiments, 2 reserve artillery regiments lub ntsiab lus txib, 2 anti-tank artillery regiments, 4 120-mm mortar regiments, ib tug tiv thaiv mortar regiment thiab 2 cais cov guards mortars, ib tug tank brigade thiab ib tug cais tank battalion, ib tug engineer brigade thiab 2 cais engineer battalions1. Ib txoj kev npaj tshwj xeeb muab rau kev pabcuam kev dav hlau, suav nrog kev dav dav dav dav².

Nws yog hnub 616 ntawm kev ua rog. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 27, 1943, Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Alexander Matveevich Matrosov, npog lub ntsej muag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab bunker nrog nws lub hauv siab, tau los ua tus hero ntawm Great Patriotic War. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, txhua leej txhua tus paub txog nws feat thiab, zoo li, txhua yam twb paub. Tab sis tsis ntev los no declassified cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Central Archives ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau reconstructed hnub ntawd nyob rau hauv nthuav dav thawj zaug, tab sis kuj yuav ua tau ib qho tseem ceeb kev hloov kho rau lub zoo-paub daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Pib nrog lub fact tias Alexander Matrosov tuag thaum lub sij hawm cua daj cua dub lub zos ntawm Plethen, thiab tsis Chernushki, raws li nws tau sau nyob rau hauv encyclopedias thiab tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv rau hnub no, nrog rau cov ntawv no, peb soj ntsuam yog thawj Lavxias teb sab historian sim sau lub lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug tub rog zoo tib yam rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

19-xyoo-laus Sasha Matrosov txuas ntxiv coj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua txawm tias tom qab nws tuag.

Pem hauv ntej. Cov neeg ua haujlwm npaj N0057

Ua ntej kuv yog txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Kalinin Front No. 0057 hnub tim 8 Lub Ob Hlis 1943. Hnub no, Alexander Matrosov nrog lub tuam txhab taug kev tseem nyuam qhuav txav mus rau pem hauv ntej (Lub Ob Hlis 5, nws tsuas yog 19 xyoo). Cov ntaub ntawv muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev zais cia: "Sov. zais cia. Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb. " Yog li ntawd, peb daim ntawv theej ntawm txoj kev npaj tau muab sau ua tus cwj mem ntshav thiab kos npe los ntawm tus thawj coj hauv ntej, tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj.

Cov phiaj xwm muab rau kev tsim cov pab pawg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej: kev tswj hwm ntawm ob rab phom corps, 4 phom phom, 6 phom phom (hauv ib qho ntawm lawv - 91st cais lawv. Stalin yuav ua hauj lwm rau Matrosov), 2 caij ski brigades, 2 corps artillery regiments, 2 artillery regiments ntawm lub ntsiab lus txib, 2 anti-tank artillery regiments, 4 regiments ntawm 120-mm mortars, ib tug guards mortar regiment thiab 2 cais divisions. guards mortars, tank brigade thiab ib tug cais tank battalion, ib engineer brigade thiab 2 cais engineer battalions1. Ib txoj kev npaj tshwj xeeb muab rau kev pabcuam kev dav hlau, suav nrog kev dav dav dav dav².

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tub rog, thaum lub sij hawm uas Alexander Matrosov raug tua. Photo: TSAM RF

OPERGROUP ntawm General GERASIMOV. Kev npaj txhij

Xyoo no yog xyoo peb ua tsov rog. Cov Tub Rog Liab, uas lub xub pwg pluaj tau qhia tom qab Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1943, twb nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm los tsim ib lub zog ua hauj lwm nrog cov rog ntawm pem hauv ntej. "Lub npau taws dawb huv ntawm kev tawm tsam" - sau nyob rau hauv lub pre-kev ua tsov ua rog 1938, lub poetic kab ntawm Konstantin Simonov hloov mus rau hauv lub prose ntawm lub neej. Ua ntej lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant-General Mikhail Nikanorovich Gerasimov (1894 - 1962), lub luag hauj lwm tau teem tseg: "kom txeeb lub Loknya cheeb tsam thiab ntes los yog rhuav tshem lub Kholm pab pawg neeg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog.^“3.

Qhov no yog kev tsov rog thib peb ntawm tus thawj coj tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1 thiab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, nws tau qhia nws tus kheej tsim nyog thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, txib cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Leningrad.

Kev ua haujlwm rau Gerasimov's fighters yog tsim los rau 10-12 hnub, yuav tsum pib thaum Lub Ob Hlis 20 thiab coj qhov chaw hauv ob theem. Lub Ob Hlis 23, nyob rau hnub ntawm 25th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army, cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog mus txeeb ib tug tseem ceeb thauj hub nyob rau hauv lub txhais tes ntawm cov Germans - lub nroog-hom kev sib hais haum thiab lub Loknya railway chaw nres tsheb (tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Pskov). thiab, tsim kom muaj kev vam meej, tawm tsam sab qab teb ntawm pawg tub rog "North".

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev npaj txhij ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm rau kev tawm tsam, ua rau lub Ob Hlis 17-18, tau qhia txog kev ncua sijhawm pib ntawm lub Ob Hlis 20 txog Lub Ob Hlis 24. Thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Kalinin pem hauv ntej, Colonel-General Maxim Alekseevich Purkaev (1894 - 1953) tau txiav txim siab li no.⁴… Nws txhawj xeeb txog qhov tuaj thaw, uas cuam tshuam rau kev muab cov mos txwv. Purkaev qhov kev txiav txim siab tau pom zoo los ntawm Stalin, txawm hais tias ob peb hnub ua ntej nws tau tsis kam lees qhov kev thov zoo sib xws rau lwm tus thawj coj.⁵.

Puas yog General Purkaev txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm tiag tiag? Yog lawm!

KHOOM. Resistance nodes ntawm Germans

Lub Ib Hlis 17, 1943, cov tub rog ntawm Kalinin Pem hauv ntej ntawm Purkaev coj Velikiye Luki. Lub Ib Hlis 18, qhov thaiv ntawm Leningrad tau tawg. Lub Ob Hlis 2, cov chaw kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv Stalingrad tau raug tshem tawm ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga. Cov lus txib ntawm Kalinin Pem hauv ntej npaj yuav npaj ib qho tshiab Stalingrad rau cov Germans ntawm ib qho me me: noj Loknya, ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov tub rog German hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Kholm, Novgorod cheeb tsam.

Lub 91st cais phom tub rog muaj npe tom qab. I. V. Stalin (tom qab no hu ua 91 OSBR), uas yog ib feem ntawm 6th Stalin Volunteer Rifle Corps ntawm Siberians (tom qab no hu ua 6 sk).

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, 1943, Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog tuaj txog hauv lub tub rog ua ib feem ntawm lub tuam txhab taug kev. Alexander tau raug xaiv los ua tus neeg tua phom submachine ntawm 2nd rifle battalion (osb). Nws yog kev hwm. Tom qab ntawd tsuas yog txhua tus thib tsib infantryman tau txais rab phom tshuab, tus so tseem muaj phom phom. Muaj 36,130 tus neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 6th brigade, uas 24,644 tau muaj phom phom thiab tsuas yog 5,342 nrog rab phom tshuab.⁶… Cov phom phom submachine, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm "Kev Sib Tw Phau Ntawv", "tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, xaiv fighter. Kev ceev, kev ua siab loj, xav tsis thoob thiab kev ywj pheej hauv kev ua yuav tsum tau nrog tus neeg tua phom submachine."

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 6th SC, Tus Thawj Coj General Stepan Ivanovich Povetkin (1895 - 1965), tau teeb tsa los ntawm nws thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, muab: "Cov chaw pib rau kev tawm tsam yog koom nrog zais cia (hmo ntuj pov) …^“7… Cov tub rog uas Matrosov ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm nrog "kev txiav txim siab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab (cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab nws cov chaw ruaj khov)^“8.

Thaum pib ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam, 6th SC yog tus lej zoo tshaj rau cov neeg German: "4-fold superiority ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm bayonets, 4-fold nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom, nrog ib tug nruab nrab ceev ntawm rab phom ib 1 km ntawm lub pem hauv ntej - 19 thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub ntsiab nres 41, 8 phom tau tiav^“9… Tab sis cov lej no yuav tsum tsis txhob yuam kev. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942 ntawm Rzhev-Vyazemsky ledge, corps ntawm 37,500 tus neeg poob 25,400, thiab los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1943 tsuas yog 33.5% ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, thiab 66.5% yog cov neeg nrhiav neeg, suav nrog thiab Sailors. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li daim ntawv pov thawj kos npe los ntawm Colonel Mikhail Aleksandrovich Aleksankin (1899-1957), tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw haujlwm txawj ntse ntawm Kalinin pem hauv ntej lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, "hauv ib xyoos tus yeeb ncuab tau tsim ntau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab hauv ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv., kev sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg nrog cov txheej txheem hluav taws zoo. Cov nodes tiv thaiv tau tsim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm txhua qhov siab ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tactical, nrog rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb^“10.

Alexander Matrosov thiab nws cov phooj ywg tub rog yuav tsum tau tawg cov pob caus ntawd.

BRIGADE. Kev cai raus dej los ntawm hluav taws ntawm recruits

Cia peb xa mus rau "Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm Kalinin Front" rau Lub Ob Hlis 1943 thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia.

Lub Ob Hlis 16-17, thaum hmo ntuj, los ntawm Zemtsy chaw nres tsheb, 91 OSBR pib ua 83-kilometer kev taug kev nrog peb hmo hla thiab tom ntej mus rau hauv hav zoov hauv cheeb tsam Smat. Tag nrho cov hnub thiab hmo ntuj, Alexander Matrosov tsis khoom nrog cov tub rog ua haujlwm nyuaj: nws tshem txoj kev, npaj kev hla hla tus dej Lovat, equips mus rau lawv, tsim choj. Fighters tsiv nyob rau hauv hav zoov thiab swamps, nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus daus thiab off-txoj kev.

Thaw thiab av nkos txoj kev coj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias cov tub rog Red Army nqa tag nrho cov khoom thiab mos txwv nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, rub cov phom loj ntawm cov hlua, uas ua rau muaj kev siv dag zog ntxiv, sijhawm thiab lub zog. Dej ciam teb ntawm r. Lov, r. Loknya nrog ntxhab, ntxhab ntug dej yuav tsum tau kov yeej, ferrying lub hnab nqa taug kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab artillery ntawm tes. Tsis muaj txoj kev los ntawm tus dej. Latching rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm units ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev thauj cov mos txwv thiab khoom noj khoom haus thiab ua rau ib tug tas li backlog ntawm artillery, uas zoo heev cuam tshuam lub maneuver ntawm infantry.^“11.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army Corps, nyob rau hauv lub npog ntawm cov vanguards, tau koom nrog kev tso thiab txhim kho cov kab ke hauv lawv thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hnub 25th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Tub Rog Liab, cov neeg tua rog tsis muaj sijhawm rau hnub so. Txoj kev npaj rau kev nce qib ntawm cov vanguards mus rau kab ntawm kev xa mus thiab kev tawm tsam tau raug ncua rau ib hnub. Cov neeg tsav nkoj tsis khoom nrog lub cev ua haujlwm hnyav txhua hnub. Nws tsis muaj sij hawm so. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov chav nyob, lub sijhawm tseem tshuav ntawm lawv qhov kev pov tseg yuav tsum tau siv los txhim kho txoj kev thiab kev hla, tshawb xyuas cov khoom ruaj ntseg, tsim cov sledges, runners, drags, skis rau thauj artillery mortars thiab tshuab phom nyob rau hauv off-road.^“12.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, qhov concentration ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg German. Thaum 13.20 ib pawg yeeb ncuab txog li 70 tus neeg ua tsis tiav tau sim ua kev soj ntsuam … Txog li 20 tus neeg German raug tua, 3 tus neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj, tus kheej tau teev tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub sector ntawm 6th Rifle Corps, cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tau ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab …^“13

Lub Ob Hlis 25 "ntawm Kholm-Loknyansky kev taw qhia - Gerasimov lub luag haujlwm ntawm 10.00 mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. … Tus yeeb ncuab muab hluav taws muaj zog. Nyob rau 6 sk los ntawm 12.00, tom qab ib tug luv luv artillery npaj, nws mus rau lub offensive ntawm tag nrho cov pem hauv ntej thiab los ntawm 17.00, kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tawv ncauj tiv thaiv thiab off-txoj kev, nws twb sib ntaus sib tua. … 91 OSBR txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Chernoe^“14… Lub vanguard ntawm lub brigade, nws 3rd battalion, "coj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Chernoe, tau ntsib cov yeeb ncuab tawv ncauj tsis kam, phom loj, tshuab phom thiab mortar hluav taws raug tso tseg.^“15.

Lub "sailor" thib ob battalion raug xa mus rau nws txoj kev cawm, uas ua rau ib tug quab yuam ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj 25-26, bypassing lub zos ntawm Chernushka Severnaya los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus tua cov Germans los ntawm sab qaum teb.

Ceev nrooj los ua kom tiav lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, raws li tau hais hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm 91st brigade, "tus thawj coj tub rog Afanasyev thiab nws tus thawj coj ntawm kev nom kev tswv, Tus tauj ncov loj Klimovsky, tsis tau xa kev soj ntsuam thiab kev ruaj ntseg sab nraud. Lub battalion taug kev nyob rau hauv ib tug saw, tus yeeb ncuab nco ib feem ntawm nws thiab txiav tawm^“16… Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj, battalion commander Afanasyev tsis poob kev tswj hwm thiab ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Nov yog qhov tau sau tseg rau Lub Ob Hlis 26 hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 91st tub rog: "Thaum lub peb hlis ntuj, lub battalion tau dismembered los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rau hauv 3 pawg. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj, pawg tub rog sib koom ua ke, thaum lub tuam txhab mortar poob nws cov khoom, tus thawj coj tub rog tub rog Afanasyev raug mob. … Cov yeeb ncuab tawv tawv tawm tsam, tua cov mortars nruab nrab, cov phom loj thiab cov mortars hnyav ntawm peb cov kev sib ntaus sib tua.^“17.

Thawj qhov kev cai raus dej los ntawm hluav taws tau txais ntawm Chernushka los ntawm cov neeg nrhiav Sasha Matrosov.

BATALION. Wicker pem hauv ntej

Lub Ob Hlis 26, los ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub tsev haus luam yeeb, nws sau ib tsab ntawv rau ib tug ntxhais nws paub. “Thiab tam sim no kuv xav nrog koj tham txog txhua yam uas kuv xav, uas kuv txhawj xeeb. Yog lawm, Lida, thiab kuv pom kuv cov phooj ywg tuag. Thiab niaj hnub no tus thawj coj tub rog tau qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug general tuag, nws tuag, tig mus rau sab hnub poob. Kuv hlub lub neej, kuv xav ua neej nyob, tiam sis pem hauv ntej yog ib yam uas koj nyob thiab nyob, thiab tam sim ntawd ib rab phom los yog ib tug splinter txov mus rau lub kawg ntawm koj lub neej. Tab sis yog tias kuv yuav tsum tuag, kuv xav tuag zoo li peb tus thawj coj: hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tig mus rau sab hnub poob. Koj Sashok."

Cov kab sau tom qab kev taug kev nyuaj ob lub lis piam. Tom qab sib ntaus sib tua. Puas yog qhov kev xav ntawm no … Tab sis muaj pes tsawg tus tuaj yeem tsim cov tswv yim txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 yog li succinctly?

Los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kalinin Front rau Lub Ob Hlis 26:

Ntawm Kholm-Loknyanskoye kev taw qhia, Gerasimov's Task Force txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam. Lub 91st tub rog tau ntsib cov yeeb ncuab tawv tawv tiv thaiv ntawm Dub, Brutovo kab … Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav, cov khoom plig raug ntes: 19 phom sib txawv, phom tus kheej-3, tsheb - 5, phom tshuab - 23, walkie-talkie - 1, maus taus - 3, tsheb kauj vab - 50, lub tsev khaws khoom nrog mos txwv - 1, lub tsev khaws khoom noj - 1. Cov neeg raug ntes - 31 tus tub rog thiab 1 tus tub ceev xwm, 14 ntawm lawv raug tua ntawm txoj kev^“18.

Daim duab kawg vividly characterizes qhov loj tshaj qib ntawm iab kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev nce qib Red Army cov tub rog thiab bearing hnyav poob.

Lub Ob Hlis 27, "tus neeg tsav nkoj" 2nd battalion, nrog nws sab laug flank, koom nrog sab xis ntawm lub 4th battalion thiab pib tawm tsam rau lub zos ntawm Plethen (Severnye), nrog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov zos ntawm Chernushka thiab Chernaya nrog lub tshuab rau lub flank, thiab ntes lawv.

Lub 4th battalion tau nce los ntawm pem hauv ntej mus rau lub zos Plethen. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub zos Plethen, cov Germans tau tsim ib lub chaw ruaj khov uas muaj zog: txoj hauv kev mus rau lub zos tau npog los ntawm peb lub bunkers. Lub pivot yog tus yuam sij rau tag nrho txoj hauj lwm. Yog tias tsis rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab bunkers, nws tsis tuaj yeem daws tau lub luag haujlwm kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm li cas los xij, kev sim coj cov bunkers taub hau yuav ua rau poob hnyav.

Lub 2nd battalion, tsis pub dhau lub hav zoov tuab, hla lub zog ntawm cov flank, mus rau ntawm ntug hav zoov, tig nws pem hauv ntej ntawm Pletin - thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv hnyav tshuab- phom tua hluav taws los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab bunkers. Cov Germans pom qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no thiab npaj rau nws.

Cov bunkers tau pom zoo, nrog cov kab tua ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov riam phom infantry, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub hnyav tau tawm ntawm ntug hav zoov thiab groves, hollows thiab txhua txoj hauv kev.^“19.

FIGHTER. Ob peb ntawm Red Army tub rog Matrosov

Hnub ua ntej, thaum hmo ntuj lub peb hlis ntuj, lub tuam txhab mortar ntawm 2nd battalion poob khoom - tag nrho cuaj 82-mm battalion mortars. Txawm li cas los xij, lub battalion muaj ib pab tub rog ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv tank (PTR), uas muaj peb pab tub rog ntawm peb PTR hauv txhua. Qhov tshiab "Kev Cai Sib Tw" ntawm 1942 tau muab rau kev siv PTR pab pawg ua ib feem ntawm pawg neeg ua phem. Cov pab pawg ua phem tau tswj kom rhuav tshem cov flank bunkers. Tab sis rab phom tshuab los ntawm lub hauv paus bunker txuas ntxiv mus tua ntawm lub hollow pem hauv ntej ntawm lub zos Plethen. Kev sim ua kom nws los ntawm PTR ua tsis tiav.

Thiab ces nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub bunker crawled submachine gunners Pyotr Ogurtsov thiab Alexander Matrosov. Rau lawv cov dej num tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, "Combat Manual" tau xa mus rau "ceev, daring thiab npaj txhij txog kev ua ntawm cov flanks thiab qab yeeb ncuab kab, nrog rau lub caij nyoog ntawm nws kev sib ntaus sib tua formations nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm inflicting poob rau nws nrog hluav taws., tsim kev ceeb ntshai, cuam tshuam kev tswj hwm thiab kev sib txuas lus, thiab thaiv txoj hauv kev. tshem tawm "…

Ogurtsov raug mob hnyav, thiab Matrosov tswj kom tau ze rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag. Los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 30 meters, nws pov ob lub grenades ib tug tom qab lwm yam. Qhov hluav taws kub bunker nres. Cov tub rog Liab cov tub rog ntawm 2nd thiab 4th battalions tau nce mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam, tab sis tau nres los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub bunker zoo li puas lawm. Tsis muaj kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg, Matrosov tau nce mus rau nws qhov siab, rushed mus rau lub bunker nrog ib tug jerk - thiab kaw lub embrasure nrog nws lub cev.

Nws tsis yog ib qho kev poob siab, tab sis yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab kiag li: rau ob peb feeb hluav taws los ntawm bunker nres. Cov vib nas this tau txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tus German tshuab rab phom, uas tau ntsib kev puas siab puas ntsws hnyav, muaj nws qhov kev pom rau ob peb lub sijhawm, thiab Matrosov lub cev tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tua hluav taws. Thiab thaum lub tshuab rab phom tua pov nws tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag, cov tub rog Liab ua ntej tau tswj kom ncav cuag cov neeg tuag (tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam) qhov chaw ntawm lub bunker.

Qhov kev tawm tsam rov pib dua.

Tag nrho cov tub rog tawm tsam ntawm ob lub battalions, ua raws li nruj raws li kab lus 73 ntawm "Sib ntaus sib tua Regulations", tau mus tua thiab ntes lub bunker: "Txhua yam tsis muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws thiab nce lawv cov hluav taws yuav tsum raug txiav txim rau tam sim ntawd. ua ntej ntawm pab pawg rau pem hauv ntej. " Lub zos ntawm Plethen raug coj los ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej los ntawm 4th Battalion thiab kev tawm tsam los ntawm 2nd Battalion. Txoj kev mus rau lub zos Chernushka tau qhib, thiab thaum 13.00 lub zog ntawm lub 4th battalion coj lub zos.²⁰… Ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, thaum cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau sau tseg, nws hloov tawm tias cov tub rog ntawm 6th SC tau rhuav tshem 156 tus yeeb ncuab bunkers, suav nrog ib qho ntawm lub ntsej muag uas cov Sailors pw nrog lawv lub hauv siab.²¹.

36-xyoo-laus laus lieutenant Pyotr Ilyich Volkov, ib tug neeg ntawm Nizhny Tagil, xa mus rau 2nd battalion los ntawm nom tswv department, rho ib daim ntawv los ntawm ib tug phau ntawv sau thiab sau ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom: "Rau lub taub hau ntawm nom tswv department ntawm lub 91st. Pab tub rog ntawm Siberian tuaj yeem pab dawb … Kuv nyob hauv battalion thib ob. Peb tab tom ua ntej … Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub zos ntawm Chernushki, Komsomolets Matrosov, yug hauv 1924, ua ib tug heroic deed - nws kaw lub embrasure ntawm lub bunker nrog nws lub cev, uas ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm peb shooters. Blackies raug coj mus. Qhov kev tawm tsam txuas ntxiv mus. Kuv yuav qhia cov ntsiab lus thaum kuv rov qab los. Agitator ntawm nom tswv department of art. Volkov "lwm.

Tus tub ceev xwm tsis muaj sijhawm rov qab los: tib hnub, Lub Ob Hlis 27, Volkov raug tua. Lub zos ntawm Chernushka yuav suav nrog cov npe khoom plig ntawm Alexander Matrosov, uas tuag nyob ze ntawm lub zos Pletin, thiab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

Thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg tuag laus lieutenant Volkov hais txog qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau suav nrog hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm lub tuam tsev nom tswv ntawm 91st brigade thaum Lub Ob Hlis 28: Cov yeeb ncuab tawv ncauj tawm tsam, vim li ntawd peb tau poob … 1327 tus neeg. Ntawm no, tua: commanders - 18, junior command neeg ua hauj lwm - 80, privates - 313 … Red Army tub rog ntawm lub thib ob battalion Komsomolets Matrosov tso tawm tshwj xeeb ua siab loj thiab heroism. Cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm lub bunker qhib lub tshuab rab phom muaj zog thiab tsis pub peb cov tub rog mus nce qib. phooj ywg Sailors tau txais kev txiav txim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub fortified point. Despising kev tuag, nws kaw lub embrasure ntawm lub bunker nrog nws lub cev^“22.

Pem hauv ntej. Kev hloov pauv zoo heev

Kev tawm tsam ntawm Gerasimov lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis tau mus txog nws lub hom phiaj thiab raug tso tseg. Loknya yuav raug tso tawm tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab - Lub Ob Hlis 26, 1944, lub nroog Kholm tsib hnub ua ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv yuav tsis hu ua kev tawm tsam ntawm Lub Ob Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis 1943 ua tsis tiav. Nws tau dhau los ua ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm ib qho kev tsis ncaj ncees. Nws yog lub Ob Hlis 27 uas German commander tau txiav txim kom tshem tawm cov tub rog ntawm 9th Army, cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm 4th Army thiab 3rd Panzer Army los ntawm Rzhev-Vyazemsky ledge, uas mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tseem yog ib tug choj rau luv luv. maj mus rau Moscow. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau nkag mus hauv lub nroog Rzhev …

Yog lawm, kev txo qis ntawm cov kab pem hauv ntej los ntawm Germans yog tus yeeb ncuab cov lus teb rau kev poob ntawm cov rog loj nyob rau yav qab teb tis ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej - ze Stalingrad thiab ntawm Don. Tab sis undoubtedly qhov kev pab cuam, txawm hais tias tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tau ua rau qhov kev hloov pauv zoo los ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo ntawm General Gerasimov.

Phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Tsov Rog

6th sk - 6th Stalin Volunteer Rifle Corps ntawm Siberians

91st OSBR - 91st Separate Rifle Brigade muaj npe tom qab I. V. Stalin

2 osb - 2nd cais phom battalion

Bunker yog qhov chaw tua hluav taws ntoo

Alexander Matrosov yog posthumously muab tsub lub title ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union, thiab nws nws tus kheej los ua tus thawj Soviet tub rog mus ib txhis enlisted los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg Commissar ntawm Defense nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev cov npe. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm No. 269 ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 8, 1943, nws tau sau tias: "Qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo ntawm Comrade Matrosov yuav tsum ua tus piv txwv ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev ua yeeb yam rau txhua tus tub rog ntawm Red Army. … Nyeem qhov kev txiav txim hauv txhua lub tuam txhab, roj teeb thiab tub rog."

Txij hnub ntawd los, tam sim no tus tub rog 19-xyoo-laus tsis paub dhau los ua Hero rau txhua lub sijhawm. Ib daim duab loj heev, uas nws lub koob meej tsis txawj tuag overshadowed nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm zoo ntawm keeb kwm lub koob meej ntawm lwm tus thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

1. Npaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm OG (pab pawg ua haujlwm) Lieutenant General Comrade Gerasimova // TsAMO. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Document 57. L. 3.

2. TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Dr. 57.,3.

3. TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Dr. 57. Nplooj 1.

4. Kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam ntawm 6th SC hauv cheeb tsam Holm, Loknya // TsAMO. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Dr. 1215.74 Ib.

5. Shtemenko S. M. Cov neeg ua haujlwm dav dav thaum ua tsov rog. M., 1975. S. 169.

6. Phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm kev ua tub rog 6 SK rau lub sijhawm ntawm 20.2.43 txog 7.3.43 // TsAMO. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 22. L. 74.

7. Kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam ntawm 6th SC (rifle corps) hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Kholm, Loknya // TsAMO. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Dr. 1215 Ib., 73.

8. TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 783. Dr. 1215.74 Ib.

9. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 22. L. 74–75.

10. Defensive structures on the Kholm-Loknyansky direction // TsAMO. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 937. L. 86-86 rev.

11. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D.22. L. 80.

12. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 22. L. 76.

13. Phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm kev ua tub rog KalF (Kalinin Front). Feb 1943 // TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 961. L. 29.

14. TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 961. L. 31.

15. Extract los ntawm combat operations log 91 OSBR for the time from 20.2.43 to 10.3.43 // TsAMO. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 19. L. 81.

16. Hais. Muab los ntawm: Belan N. Matrosov's Lot // Soviet Russia. 2005.26 Feb.

17. Extract los ntawm combat operations log 91 OSBR for the time from 20.2.43 to 10.3.43 // TsAMO. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 19. L. 81.

18. Phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm kev ua tub rog KalF (Kalinin Front). Feb 1943 // TSAM. F. 213. Op. 2002. D. 961. L. 33-34.

19. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 19. L. 79 ob.

20. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D. 19. L. 77 ob.

21. TSAM. F. 860. Ib. 1. D.22. L. 80.