Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob rotavirus yog exaggerated heev

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Peb raug txhawb kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus. Cov thawj coj cov lus sib cav ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau qhov xwm txheej los yog txhob txwm yuam kev hauv cov duab thiab qhov tseeb

Lub Plaub Hlis 3, lub rooj sib tham xov xwm tau muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm International Multimedia Press Center ntawm Rossiya Segodnya MIA, mob siab rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb ntawm Moscow cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 8 lub hlis tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus.

Tau kawg, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tias lawv muaj sijhawm los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tiv thaiv lwm tus kabmob. Raws li ib txwm muaj, txawm li cas los xij, thaum hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv muab rau cov niam txiv tsis raug.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kws kho mob xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev tawm tsam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev xav ntawm ntau tus pej xeem, tab sis vim li cas thiaj li xav tsis thoob yog tias lawv cov lus sib cav ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg, uas, dhau los, yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau qhov yuam kev los yog txhob txwm yuam kev hauv cov duab thiab qhov tseeb.. Peb yuav nrog lawv ua ntu zus, thaum peb kawm lub ntsiab lus.

Rotavirus yog dab tsi?

Tus kab mob rotavirus feem ntau hu ua "mob plab hnyuv" hauv lub neej txhua hnub: qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, raws li txoj cai, yog mob, cov tsos mob ntawm gastroenterological teeb meem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ua pa. Rotavirus muaj zog heev thaum lub caij txias, txawm hais tias kev kis tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov.

Tus kab mob rotavirus yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntuav, kub nce siab, thiab raws plab. Hnub thib ob - thib peb ntawm tus kab mob, cov quav quav yuav tshwm sim: grey-daj thiab av nplaum zoo li. Thaum lub sij hawm mob, tsis muaj qab los noj mov, muaj kev tawg.

Tus kab mob no suav hais tias yog menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus mob nrog nws tsawg dua, txawm tias qhov no tshwm sim rau lawv thiab. Tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm tes qias neeg.

Cov kws kho mob, raws li txoj cai, sau ntawv kom noj cov tshuaj sorbents (activated carbon, smecta, attapulgite) los tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim ntawm intoxication. Hauv kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov nruj: nrog rotavirus, lactase deficiency feem ntau tshwm sim, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tsis suav nrog cov khoom siv mis nyuj kom txog thaum rov ua tiav.

"Raws li WHO cov txheeb cais, kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov menyuam tuag hauv ntiaj teb thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1-5 xyoos yog txuam nrog rotavirus," RIA Novosti lub vev xaib tau hais hauv kev caw rau lub rooj sib tham xov xwm.

"Raws li WHO, ntau dua 500 txhiab tus menyuam tuag los ntawm RVI thoob plaws ntiaj teb txhua xyoo," Nikolai Briko, tus kws tshaj lij tus kabmob kis kabmob kis kabmob ntawm Lavxias Ministry of Health, hais txog daim duab no hauv nws cov lus.

Hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem hauv Asia thiab Africa, lub cev qhuav dej tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem loj thiab, thaum tsis muaj dej huv thiab kev kho mob raws sijhawm, tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob tuag.

Cov kws sau ntawv xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, uas yooj yim heev rau kev txheeb xyuas vim tias WHO cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv pej xeem. Cov ntaub ntawv no hais tias raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau xyoo 2013, kwv yees li 3.4% ntawm cov menyuam tuag yog tshwm sim los ntawm rotavirus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov ntsiab lus tseeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no yog 215,000 xyoo 2016, tsis yog 500,000.

Raws li koj tau pom, cov tub ceev xwm lub luag haujlwm rau kev ceeb toom tau nthuav dav qhov tseeb ntawm qhov txaus ntshai.

Lub geography ntawm kev tuag los ntawm tus kab mob kuj tseem ceeb heev. Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos tshwm sim hauv plaub lub tebchaws: Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, Nigeria thiab Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Angola yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm tus kabmob rotavirus (dua ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos) rau 100,000 tus pejxeem nrog qhov ntsuas ntawm 241, thiab hauv 70 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tsis muaj ib tus menyuam tuag los ntawm tus kabmob no xyoo 2013.

Qhov me me ntawm qhov teeb meem, txawm li cas los xij, tsis ua rau tus kab mob rotavirus muaj kev lom zem rau menyuam yaus thiab niam txiv. Kev tuag los ntawm nws hauv peb lub tebchaws nrog cov neeg muaj kev paub ntau tshaj plaws uas nkag siab txog kev xav tau kev kho mob rau tus menyuam me uas muaj raws plab, ntuav thiab kub taub hau yog qhov tsawg, thiab, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sim zam tus kab mob no.

Kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis qhov no tsa ob lo lus nug. Dab tsi suav nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv - puas tsuas yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv? Thiab lo lus nug thib ob: dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam tiv thaiv rotavirus?

Cia peb pib nrog qhov thib ob.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv

LEEJ TWG pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws xav kom nws rau cov tebchaws uas tsawg kawg 10% ntawm tag nrho cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos tuag vim yog raws plab ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb.

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyij Pooj, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus suav nrog hauv lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, hauv Tebchaws Europe nws txawv. Lub tebchaws xws li Tebchaws Askiv, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria, Belgium, Finland, qee lub tebchaws European sab hnub tuaj tau qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub, tab sis hauv Fabkis, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain thiab feem ntau ntawm Eastern Europe, nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub..

Ob qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus tau txais patented: Rotarix (GSK) thiab RotTek (Merck).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv RotaTek yog siv nyob rau hauv Russia, yog li peb yuav qhia koj txog nws kom meej.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj tsib tus kab mob sib kis tau los ntawm tib neeg thiab bovine rotavirus hom. Nws yog qhov ncauj, uas yog, nws yog qhia los ntawm lub qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tee.

Thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv rau lub sijhawm ntawm 6 mus rau 12 lub lis piam ntawm lub neej, thiab qhov kawg, thib peb - tsis pub dhau 32 lub lis piam, vim tias txij li hnub nyoog no qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm intussusception hauv menyuam yaus nce (qhov no yog dab tsi, peb yuav qhia. koj me ntsis tom qab). Lub sijhawm tsawg kawg ntawm cov koob tshuaj yog 4 lub lis piam.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus gastroenteritis ntawm ib qho mob hnyav yog kwv yees li ntawm 71, 3-74, 0%, hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav - 98, 0-100%.

Kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom rau 2 lub caij, thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Nws kav ntev npaum li cas dhau lub sijhawm no tsis paub.

Dab tsi yog qhov profile kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus?

"… Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li, Oleg Filippov, tus kws kho mob ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kev Kho Mob ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, tau lees paub," yog lwm nqe lus coj txawv txawv los ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog kev nyab xeeb zoo ntawm cov tshuaj, tab sis tsis muaj tshuaj yuav "muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li".

Tej yam tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ob lub chaw tsim khoom thiab Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. Cov no muaj xws li raws plab, ntuav, chim siab, otitis media, nasopharyngitis, thiab bronchospasm. Lawv tsis tshwm sim, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv siab thiab saib xyuas tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Qhov no yog ib hom kev thaiv, uas yog vim li cas yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ib feem ntawm txoj hnyuv mus rau hauv lub lumen ntawm lwm tus, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov hnyuv folds zoo li lub tsom iav. Tus mob no xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd, feem ntau yog kev saib xyuas, tab sis qee zaum, kev phais.

WHO tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus hais txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm intussusception (uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos thiab rau lwm yam), feem ntau hauv thawj 7 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Cov kev paub ntawm Fabkis tau raug suav hais tias yog ib qho piv txwv: muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov teeb meem no tseem nyob hauv tib qhov kev txwv ib yam li lwm lub ntiaj teb, txawm li cas los xij, ob tus me nyuam mos tuag los ntawm intussusception yog txuas los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub tebchaws no mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Txawm li cas los xij, WHO cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus deb tshaj qhov txaus ntshai.

Dab tsi ntxiv koj yuav tsum paub yog tias koj tau txiav txim siab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv RotaTek yog contraindicated yog tias tus menyuam tau pom tias muaj qhov tsis haum rau nws tom qab koob tshuaj dhau los. Tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm intussusception.

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lwm yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis haum ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob gastroenterological, phais hauv cheeb tsam plab, hauv cov mob hnyav (mob raws plab, ntuav., ua npaws).

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus me nyuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tus kab mob cab thiab, txog li 15 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, zais rotavirus, yog li yog tias nws nyob ze nrog tus neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas qhov ntsuas. tag nrho tsev neeg sib npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

"Kev Tiv Thaiv" tsis sib npaug rau "kev txhaj tshuaj"

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, peb cov kws kho mob tsis tuav lub rooj sib tham txog cov ncauj lus no thiab tsis txhob sau cov ntawv.

Lub caij no, muaj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob hais txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm vitamin D hauv kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus. Qhov no yog qhov nkag siab: zoo li tus mob khaub thuas, rotavirus yog kab mob ntawm lub caij txias, uas txhais tau hais tias kuj tseem muaj lub caij nyoog hauv nws txoj kev kis mob. Vitamin D tej zaum yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus mob khaub thuas, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias, theem ntawm qhov txo qis hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, thaum tib neeg lub cev tau txais lub hnub tsawg (nyeem ntxiv txog qhov no ntawm no). Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xav tias tib yam rau rotavirus.

Qhov no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb kho mob.

Hauv txoj haujlwm no, cov kws tshawb fawb Turkish tau muab piv rau cov qib vitamin D hauv cov ntshav ntawm 67 tus menyuam noj qab haus huv thiab 70 tus neeg mob rotavirus raws plab, thiab pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: hauv cov menyuam mos, nws qhov nruab nrab ntawm 14.6 ng / ml, hauv cov menyuam mos noj qab haus huv - 29.06 ng / ml.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb Suav no, vitamin D3 supplementation nres rotavirus replication nyob rau hauv npua.

Tus kab mob rotavirus tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau hauv Is Nrias teb, qhov uas nws tseem muaj teeb meem loj heev. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ua nyob rau hauv kuj taw tes rau ib tug kev sib txuas ntawm tus kab mob thiab vitamin D deficiency.

Nco ntsoov tias vitamin D3 yuav tsum tau siv los ua kev noj haus ntxiv (D2 tsis zoo), thiab qhov no tseem yuav tiv thaiv rickets thiab mob khaub thuas rau tus menyuam. Qhov tsuas yog contraindication rau kev noj cov vitamin D yog hypercalcemia, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj yuav tsum xub tham ib tug kws kho mob.