Mezen painting

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws tuav ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov facades thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab. Zoo li feem ntau lwm yam khoom siv tes ua pej xeem, daim duab no tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm thaj chaw uas nws tau los. Tus dej Mezen nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam, nruab nrab ntawm ob tug dej loj tshaj plaws ntawm Northern Europe, Northern Dvina thiab Pechora, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm taiga thiab tundra.

Daim duab no hu ua Mezen vim lub zos Palashchel, nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Mezen River, suav hais tias yog nws lub tebchaws, uas yog thawj zaug hais tias yog qhov chaw rau kev pleev xim rau ntoo hauv xyoo 1906. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv encyclopedias thiab ntau yam phau ntawv zoo nkauj, Koj tuaj yeem pom lub npe thib ob ntawm Mezen painting - Palashchelskaya. Hauv Mezen nws tus kheej, lawv tsis koom nrog kev pleev xim.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Mezen painting yog nws tus kheej ornaments. Qhov no ornament attracts thiab bewitches, txawm nws pom tseeb simplicity. Thiab cov khoom pleev xim nrog Mezen painting zoo li ci ntsa iab los ntawm sab hauv, exuding lub siab zoo thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Txhua qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm lub ornaments ntawm Mezen painting yog lub cim zoo heev. Txhua square thiab rhombus, nplooj thiab twig, tsiaj los yog noog - yog raws nraim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia peb zaj dab neeg ntawm hav zoov, cua, lub ntiaj teb thiab ntuj, cov artist txoj kev xav thiab ancient dluab ntawm lub Northern Slavs.

Cov cim ntawm cov tsiaj, noog, fertility, sau, hluav taws, ntuj, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus los ntawm pob zeb paintings thiab yog ib hom ntawm ancient sau uas qhia txog cov kev cai ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm North Russia. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, daim duab ntawm ib tug nees nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm cov neeg uas tau nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no txij thaum ancient sij hawm, symbolizes lub hnub sawv, thiab daim duab ntawm ib tug os yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tej yam, nws yuav siv sij hawm lub hnub mus rau hauv lub underwater ntiaj teb no. kaj ntug thiab khaws cia rau ntawd.

Kev lig kev cai, cov khoom pleev xim nrog Mezen painting tsuas muaj ob xim - liab thiab dub (soot thiab ocher, tom qab liab lead). Cov duab kos tau siv rau tsob ntoo uas tsis muaj ntoo nrog ntoo tshwj xeeb (vise), capercaillie lossis dub grouse plaub, thiab txhuam los ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog greased, uas muab nws ib tug Golden xim. Tam sim no, feem ntau, thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Mezen painting tau raug khaws cia, tshwj tsis yog tias cov txhuam hniav siv ntau dua.

Qauv symbolism

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov cim ntawm Mezen painting feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub mythological worldview ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub ancient sab qaum teb. Piv txwv li, feem ntau ntsib ntau-tiered mus kom ze qhia txog kev ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua shamanic. Peb tiers - peb ntiaj teb (qis, nruab nrab thiab sab sauv los yog underground, terrestrial thiab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej). Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm shamanic worldview ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv Mezen painting, lub qis thiab nruab nrab tiers yog sau nrog mos lwj thiab nees. Sab saum toj yog noog. Kab dub thiab liab nees nyob rau hauv tiers kuj txhais tau tias lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov nyob. Ntau lub hnub ci kos npe tso rau ib ncig ntawm nees thiab mos lwj hais txog lawv qhov keeb kwm tsis muaj tseeb. Cov duab ntawm ib tug nees ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab qaum teb kuj yog ib tug talisman (ib tug nees nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev), raws li zoo raws li lub cim ntawm lub hnub, fertility, lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej.

Cov tiers yog sib cais los ntawm kab rov tav kab txaij sau nrog cov qauv rov ua dua. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv zoo li no, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mezen painting hauv cov duab hauv qab no.

Av. Ib txoj kab ncaj tuaj yeem txhais tau hais tias ob qho tib si saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab hauv ntiaj teb firmament, tab sis tsis txhob to taub qhov tsis meej pem. Los ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg (sab saum toj - hauv qab), koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lawv lub ntsiab lus kom raug. Hauv ntau cov dab neeg hais txog kev tsim ntiaj teb, thawj tus txiv neej tau tsim los ntawm cov hmoov av ntawm lub ntiaj teb, av nkos, av nplaum. Niam thiab kev tiv thaiv, lub cim ntawm fertility thiab noj txhua hnub - qhov no yog dab tsi lub ntiaj teb no rau txiv neej. Graphically, lub teb chaws feem ntau depicted raws li ib tug square.

Dej. Lub ntuj ceeb tsheej kho kom zoo nkauj tsis muaj tsawg nthuav. Cov dej saum ntuj ceeb tsheej khaws cia rau hauv cov huab overhanging los yog nchuav rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv oblique los nag, thiab cov nag tuaj yeem nrog cua, nrog lawg. Ornaments nyob rau hauv ib tug slanting sawb feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov muaj xws li cov duab ntawm ntuj phenomena.

Cov wavy kab ntawm lub caij dej muaj nyob rau hauv abundance nyob rau hauv Mezen ornaments. Lawv yeej nrog tag nrho cov kab ncaj nraim ntawm ornaments, thiab tseem yog cov cwj pwm mus tas li ntawm cov noog.

Cua, cua. Ntau yam luv luv tawg tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg coob coob nyob rau hauv Mezen painting ntawm ornaments los yog ib sab ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb - feem ntau txhais tau tias huab cua, cua yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm. Ib tug poetic duab ntawm ib tug revived ntsuj plig, nws lub hwj chim yuav pom thiab hnov, tab sis nws tus kheej tseem tsis pom.

Ntxiv rau qhov kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm lub cim no, cov cua tshwj xeeb feem ntau txhais tau tias yog kev ua phem thiab tsis muaj zog. Nws ntseeg tau tias dab ya mus rau cua daj cua dub nqa kev phem thiab kab mob. Zoo li lwm yam khoom, cua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, tab sis nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog rau tib neeg los ua lub zog muaj tswv yim. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas Mezen masters nyiam los piav txog cov ntsiab lus txuas. Lawv cov cua strokes feem ntau yog "strung" ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim, uas zoo li lub tshuab cua ("Caught the wind," cov me nyuam hais).

Hluav taws. Divine zog, purification, tshwm sim, transformation, inspiration, ambition, temptation, mob siab rau, yog ib tug muaj zog thiab active lub caij, symbolizing ob qho tib si muaj tswv yim thiab kev puas tsuaj rog. Cov ancients suav hais tias hluav taws yog ib tug muaj sia nyob uas pub, loj hlob, tuag, thiab ces yog reborn - cov cim qhia hais tias hluav taws yog lub ntiaj teb no embodiment ntawm lub hnub, yog li nws loj heev qhia hnub ci symbolism. Nyob rau hauv lub pictorial kev txiav txim zoo, txhua yam uas nyhav rau lub voj voog nco peb ntawm lub hnub, hluav taws. Raws li kev kawm B. Rybakov, lub kauv motif tshwm sim nyob rau hauv mythology ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb pab pawg neeg raws li ib tug cim zog ntawm lub hnub lub cev nyob rau hauv lub firmament. Nyob rau hauv Mezen painting, spirals tau tawg mus rau txhua qhov chaw: lawv tau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ntau yam ornaments thiab twine nyob rau hauv abundance nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntuj ceeb tsheej nees thiab mos lwj.

Cov kauv nws tus kheej nqa lwm lub ntsiab lus. Cov duab kauv muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, xws li los ntawm galaxies mus rau whirlpools thiab cua daj cua dub, los ntawm cov plhaub ntawm mollusks mus rau kos duab ntawm tib neeg cov ntiv tes. Hauv kev kos duab, cov kauv yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Qhov tsis meej ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv cov qauv kauv yog qhov zoo, thiab lawv cov kev siv yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj li nco qab. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav compressed kauv yog lub cim ntawm lub zog zais, lub pob ntawm lub zog. Cov kauv, uas sib txuas cov duab ntawm lub voj voog thiab lub zog ntawm kev txav, kuj yog lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm, lub voj voog ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm lub xyoo. Ob chav spirals cim qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib txawv, kev sib haum xeeb (xws li Taoist kos npe "yin-yang"). Cov rog tsis sib haum, pom pom nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws, cua daj cua dub thiab cov nplaig ntawm cov nplaim taws, nco txog qhov nce, nqis los yog tig lub zog ("brace") uas tswj lub Cosmos. Lub kauv upward yog ib tug txiv neej kos npe rau, ib tug downward kauv yog ib tug poj niam, uas ua rau ob helix kuj yog lub cim ntawm fertility thiab procreation.

Cov cim thaum ub ntawm fertility yog nthuav thiab zoo nkauj - cov cim ntawm kev nplua nuj

Txhua qhov chaw lawv tau muab tso rau, thiab txhua qhov chaw lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw! Yog hais tias ib tug zhikovin (lub qhov rooj npog) ntawm cov duab no yog dai rau ntawm lub qhov rooj, nws txhais tau tias xav kom nws muaj kev zoo siab. Yog tias koj piav qhia txog kev nplua nuj nyob hauv qab ntawm rab diav, nws txhais tau tias koj xav tsis muaj kev tshaib kev nqhis. Yog tias lub tsho kab tshoob nyob rau ntawm hem - xav kom cov tub ntxhais hluas ua tiav tsev neeg loj. Lub cim ntawm fertility tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntawm cov duab qub txeeg qub teg uas qhia txog cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus menyuam ntawm leej niam nyob. Yuav luag tag nrho Mezen ornaments yog qee yam txuas nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm fertility thiab abundance. Plowed teb, noob, cag, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog depicted nyob rau hauv lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab ntau yam. Lub ornament tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ob kab thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus hauv nws yog staggered. Lub cim tseem ceeb yog lub rhombus, muaj txiaj ntsig nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau, rhombus yog lub cim ntawm fertility, rebirth ntawm lub neej, thiab ib tug saw ntawm rhombuses txhais tau tias tsev neeg tsob ntoo ntawm lub neej. Ntawm ib qho ntawm Mezen spinning log, peb tau tswj kom pom ib nrab-erased duab ntawm ib tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb.

Ncaj Cage Patterns

Geometric ornament tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv pej xeem kos duab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm weavers thiab embroiderers. Lub hauv paus ntawm ornament yog tsim los ntawm rhombuses, squares, crosses thiab swastika dluab. Lub rhombo-dot ornament ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yog lub cim ntawm fertility.

Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim

Tsis yog ib daim duab ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev piav qhia txhua yam ntawm zigzag thiab kauv duab. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piav txog tsob ntoo ntiaj teb, lossis "ntoo ntawm lub neej". Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias spirals thiab zigzags tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov duab ntawm nab uas ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg zoo li no.

Patterns nyob rau hauv ib tug slanting tawb

Ribbon ornament

Kho kom zoo nkauj duab ntawm noog nyob rau hauv tsoos Mezen painting

Lub motif ntawm ib tug noog nqa xov xwm zoo los yog khoom plig yog dav nyob rau hauv pej xeem kos duab. Cov noog nyob saum tsob ntoo feem ntau tuaj yeem pom ntawm Mezen birch bark tues. Tus noog yog kab tias nyiam tshaj plaws motif ntawm pej xeem ntxias. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog kev cai ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb sab qaum teb kom dai cov noog ntoo los ntawm cov ntoo chips nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum liab ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom plig ntawm tib lub siab nyiam - "tus noog ntawm tsob ntoo", txij li tsob ntoo revered tau txuam nrog lub ces kaum liab ntawm lub tsev.

Kho kom zoo nkauj duab ntawm ntoo thiab paj nyob rau hauv ib txwm Mezen painting

Feem ntau, ntawm Mezen spinning log, pom cov duab ntawm ob peb tsob ntoo lossis tsob ntoo uas kho siab, feem ntau spruce, pom. Ntawm qhov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm peb tsob ntoo: ob tsob ntoo zoo tib yam yog teem rau symmetrically nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub hauv paus ntoo, uas yog txawv los ntawm nws kuj loj loj. Qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib zajlus tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm Mezen spinning log yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tib zajlus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv painting ntawm antique rooj tog nyob rau hauv lub Mezen tsev.

Decorative duab ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv tsoos Mezen painting

Ntawm cov duab uas nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nyiam tshaj plaws, feem ntau tau piav qhia los ntawm Mezen masters, ib qho yuav tsum suav nrog cov duab ntawm nees thiab mos lwj. Cov nees ntawm Mezen paintings yog nyob deb ntawm cov qauv tiag tiag tshaj li cov duab ntawm cov nees hauv lwm cov neeg peasant paintings. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv, uas, raws li paub, yog txawv rau nees. Lub cev ntawm ib tug nees dub feem ntau npog nrog ib tug nruam lattice qauv, ntxiv hais txog nws txawv txawv keeb kwm. Cov nees 'unnaturally ntev thiab slender ob txhais ceg xaus ntawm qhov kawg nrog feathers zoo ib yam li cov noog.

Nees feem ntau tau piav qhia tsis yog ua raws ib leeg, tab sis tawm tsam ib leeg. Qee zaum cov neeg caij tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tau pleev xim rau ntawm kev txhawb nqa nees. Lub fact tias cov nees ntawm unearthly keeb kwm depicted nyob rau hauv lub spinning log kuj muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau lub hnub ci cim tso los ntawm cov draftsmen saum toj no manes thiab nyob ze ntawm tus nees ob txhais ceg.