LEDs cuam tshuam li cas rau kev pom?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsab xov xwm tham txog cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim cov koob tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm lub teeb xiav hauv qab LED teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tau pom tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm photobiological, ua raws li GOST R IEC 62471-2013, yuav tsum tau qhia meej txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo thiab spatial faib ntawm lub teeb. -absorbing xiav lub teeb (460 nm) pigment nyob rau hauv lub macula ntawm lub retina.

Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm kev suav cov koob tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub hnub ci. Nws tau qhia tias niaj hnub no hauv Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj lub tswv yim ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo hloov pauv thiab lub teeb dawb LEDs tau raug tsim los txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas tshwj xeeb, lub tswv yim no txuas ntxiv tsis yog rau cov teeb pom kev dav dav, tab sis kuj rau lub khoos phis tawj thiab lub teeb taws hauv lub tsheb.

Niaj hnub no, LED teeb pom kev zoo tau qhia ntau dua hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, kindergartens thiab tsev kho mob. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm LED luminaires, GOST R IEC 62471-2013 "Teeb thiab teeb tshuab. Photobiological kev nyab xeeb ". Nws tau npaj los ntawm Lub Xeev Unitary Enterprise ntawm koom pheej ntawm Mordovia "Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Chaw Teeb Meem muaj npe tom qab A. N. Lodygin "(State Unitary Enterprise ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Mordovia NIIIS muaj npe tom qab AN Lodygin") raws li nws tus kheej txhais lus tseeb rau hauv Lavxias ntawm tus txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb IEC 62471: 2006 "Photobiological kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov teeb thiab teeb lub teeb" (IEC 62471: 2006) "Photobiological kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub teeb thiab teeb lub teeb") thiab zoo tib yam rau nws (saib nqe lus 4. GOST R IEC 62471-2013).

Xws li kev hloov ntawm tus qauv siv qhia tias Russia tsis muaj nws lub tsev kawm ntawv tshaj lij rau kev nyab xeeb photobiological. Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm photobiological yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus (tiam neeg) thiab txo qis kev hem thawj rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws.

Sib piv kev tsom xam ntawm hnub ci thiab teeb pom kev zoo

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm photobiological kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub teeb ci yog ua raws li txoj kev xav ntawm kev pheej hmoo thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas qhov txwv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev raug teeb meem xiav xiav ntawm lub retina. Qhov kev txwv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm photobiological yog xam rau qhov kev txwv qhov txwv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 hli (cov tub ntxhais kawm cheeb tsam ntawm 7 mm2). Rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm B (λ) yog txiav txim siab - qhov hnyav spectral txaus ntshai ua haujlwm los ntawm lub teeb xiav, qhov siab tshaj plaws uas poob rau ntawm cov hluav taws xob spectral ntawm 435-440 nm.

Txoj kev xav ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev suav cov kev nyab xeeb photobiological tau tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim ntawm photobiological kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, Dr. David H. Sliney.

David H. Sliney tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo los ua Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm US Army's Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine thiab tau coj cov phiaj xwm kev nyab xeeb photobiological. Hauv 2007 nws ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm thiab so haujlwm. Nws cov kev xav tau tshawb fawb tsom mus rau cov ncauj lus ntsig txog UV raug rau lub qhov muag, hluav taws xob laser thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib cuam tshuam, kev phom sij laser, thiab kev siv lasers hauv tshuaj thiab phais. David Sleeney tau ua tus tswv cuab, tus kws pab tswv yim thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm ntau lub koom haum thiab cov koom haum uas tau tsim cov qauv kev nyab xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv tsis-ionizing hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lasers thiab lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau (ANSI, ISO, ACGIH, IEC, WHO., NCRP, and ICNIRP). Nws co-sau Phau Ntawv Kev Nyab Xeeb nrog Lasers thiab Lwm Qhov Chaw Kho qhov muag, New York, 1980. Los ntawm 2008-2009, Dr. David Sleeney tau ua Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm American Society of Photobiology.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsim los ntawm David Sleeney qhia txog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no rau kev nyab xeeb photobiological ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov qauv txheej txheem no tau hloov pauv mus rau LED qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tau tsa lub galaxy loj ntawm cov thwjtim thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv txoj kev no rau LED teeb pom kev zoo. Hauv lawv cov ntawv sau, lawv sim ua kom pom tseeb thiab txhawb nqa LED teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev faib cov kev pheej hmoo.

Lawv txoj haujlwm tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Philips-Lumileds, Osram, Cree, Nichia thiab lwm yam LED teeb pom kev zoo. Tam sim no, thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb hnyav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm (thiab kev txwv) hauv thaj chaw ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo suav nrog:

• tsoom fwv cov koom haum xws li US Department of Energy, RF Ministry of Energy;

• Cov koom haum pej xeem xws li Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), Alliance for Solid-State Illumination and Technologies (ASSIST), International Dark-Sky Assosiation (IDA) thiab NP PSS RF;

• cov tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws Philips-Lumileds, Osram, Cree, Nichia thiab

Lavxias teb sab manufacturers Optogan, Svetlana Optoelectronica;

• nrog rau ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb, cov tsev kawm qib siab, cov chaw sim: Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Teeb Pom Kev ntawm Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (LRC RPI), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), American National Standard Institute (ANSI), nrog rau NIIIS im. AN Lodygin , VNISI lawv. S. I. Vavilov.

Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb xiav, kev ua haujlwm "Optical kev nyab xeeb LED teeb pom kev zoo" (CELMA-ELC LED WG (SM) 011_ELC CELMA txoj hauj lwm ntawv kho qhov muag kev nyab xeeb LED teeb pom kev zoo_Final_July2011) yog qhov txaus siab. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm European no piv cov hnub ci ci nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (incandescent, fluorescent thiab LED teeb) raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm EN 62471. Los ntawm lub prism ntawm lub niaj hnub paradigm ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev tu cev, xav txog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv no European tsab ntawv ceeb toom nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas ntawm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm LED dawb lub teeb qhov chaw. Hauv daim duab. 1 qhia cov qauv spectral ntawm lub teeb dawb LED, uas muaj cov siv lead ua emitting xiav lub teeb thiab daj phosphor uas nws yog coated los tsim lub teeb dawb.

Hauv daim duab. 1. Kuj tseem qhia tau yog cov ntsiab lus siv uas tus neeg tu cev yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum txheeb xyuas qhov spectrum ntawm lub teeb los ntawm ib qho twg. Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, xav txog lub hnub ci (Daim duab 2).

Daim duab qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov xim kub ntawm 4000 K txog 6500 K, cov xwm txheej ntawm "melanopsin cross" raug pom. Ntawm lub zog spectrum ntawm lub teeb, lub amplitude (A) ntawm 480 nm yuav tsum ib txwm siab dua qhov amplitude ntawm 460 nm thiab 450 nm.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koob tshuaj xiav lub teeb 460 nm nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci nrog xim kub ntawm 6500 K yog 40% siab dua li lub hnub ci nrog xim kub ntawm 4000 K.

Cov nyhuv ntawm "melanopsin cross" yog pom tseeb los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov spectra ntawm incandescent teeb thiab LED teeb nrog ib tug xim kub ntawm 3000 K (Fig. 3).

Qhov feem pua ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm LED spectrum nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov feem ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm ib tug incandescent teeb yog ntau tshaj li 55%.

Xav txog cov saum toj no, cia peb piv lub hnub ci ntawm Tc = 6500 K (6500 K yog qhov txwv xim kub rau lub retina raws li David Sleaney, thiab raws li cov qauv kev huv, nws yog tsawg dua 6000 K) nrog cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb incandescent Tc = 2700 K thiab lub spectrum ntawm ib lub teeb LED nrog Tc = 4200 K ntawm qhov illumination theem ntawm 500 lux. (daim duab 4).

Daim duab qhia cov hauv qab no:

- LED teeb (Tc = 4200 K) muaj emission ntawm 460 nm ntau tshaj hnub ci (6500 K);

- nyob rau hauv lub teeb spectrum ntawm ib tug LED teeb (Tc = 4200 K), lub poob ntawm 480 nm yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm magnitude (10 zaug) ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci (6500 K);

- nyob rau hauv lub teeb spectrum ntawm ib tug LED teeb (Tc = 4200 K), lub dip yog 480 nm ob peb zaug ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub teeb spectrum ntawm ib tug incandescent teeb (Tc = 2700 K).

Nws yog paub tias nyob rau hauv LED illumination, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub qhov muag tshaj qhov txwv qhov tseem ceeb - 3 mm (thaj tsam 7 mm2) raws li GOST R IEC 62471-2013 "Teeb thiab teeb systems. Photobiological kev nyab xeeb ".

Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia hauv daim duab 2, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias koob tshuaj 460 nm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci rau ib tug xim kub ntawm 4000 K yog ntau npaum li cas tsawg dua koob tshuaj ntawm 460 nm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm tshav ntuj ntawm xim kub ntawm 6500 K.

Los ntawm qhov no nws ua raws li cov koob tshuaj ntawm 460 nm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo nrog ib tug xim kub ntawm 4200 K yuav ho (los ntawm 40%) tshaj lub koob tshuaj ntawm 460 nm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm lub hnub nrog ib tug xim kub ntawm 4000 K ntawm tib lub teeb pom kev zoo.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov koob tshuaj no yog qhov ntau dua ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev txheeb ze rau lub hnub ci nrog tib xim kub thiab ib theem ntawm illumination. Tab sis qhov koob tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm ib koob ntawm lub teeb xiav los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj tsis txaus ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov xim uas nqus 460 nm xiav lub teeb hauv ntim thiab cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib qho kev siv ntau dhau ntawm lub teeb xiav uas ua rau kom nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem degradation uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev pom kev tsis pom kev thaum ntxov hauv kev sib piv nrog lub hnub ci, tag nrho lwm yam sib npaug (ib theem ntawm lub teeb pom kev, xim kub thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm macular retina., thiab lwm yam)

Physiological nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub qhov muag, cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb kev nkag siab ntawm lub teeb

Cov kev tiv thaiv retinal circuitry tau tsim nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Nrog rau lub spectrum ntawm lub hnub ci, muaj kev tswj kom txaus ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub qhov muag kom kaw, uas ua rau kom txo cov koob tshuaj hnub ci mus txog lub hlwb ntawm retina. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus nws txawv ntawm 1.5 mus rau 8 mm, uas muab ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb teeb meem ntawm lub retina los ntawm txog 30 lub sij hawm.

Kev txo qis ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qhov muag ua rau txo qis hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub teeb pom kev ntawm daim duab, uas tsis pub tshaj qhov chaw ntawm "daj chaw" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub retina. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlwb retinal los ntawm lub teeb xiav yog ua los ntawm cov xim macular (nrog rau qhov nqus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 460 nm) thiab tsim muaj nws cov keeb kwm evolutionary.

Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, thaj tsam ntawm macula yog lub teeb daj nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog indistinct contours.

Los ntawm peb lub hlis ntawm lub hnub nyoog, ib tug macular reflex tshwm sim thiab qhov kev siv ntawm cov xim daj yuav txo.

Los ntawm ib xyoos, lub foveolar reflex tau txiav txim siab, qhov chaw yuav tsaus dua.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb mus rau tsib xyoos, lub suab daj ntawm thaj chaw macular yuav luag sib xyaw nrog cov xim liab lossis xim liab ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab qhov muag.

Qhov chaw macular hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 7-10 xyoo thiab laus dua, xws li cov neeg laus, yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub teeb reflexes. Lub tswv yim ntawm "macular spot" tshwm sim los ntawm kev soj ntsuam macroscopic ntawm cadaveric ob lub qhov muag. Ntawm kev npaj npaj ntawm retina, ib qho me me daj pom. Tau ntev, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov xim uas stains qhov chaw ntawm lub retina tsis paub.

Tam sim no, ob lub xim tau raug cais tawm - lutein thiab lutein isomer zeaxanthin, uas yog hu ua macular pigment, lossis macular pigment. Qib ntawm lutein yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj ntau dua concentration ntawm rods, qib ntawm zeaxanthin yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntawm ntau dua concentration ntawm cones. Lutein thiab zeaxanthin belongs rau tsev neeg carotenoid, ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntuj pigments. Lutein ntseeg tau tias muaj ob txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb: ua ntej, nws absorbs xiav lub teeb uas ua rau lub qhov muag tsis zoo; Thib ob, nws yog ib qho antioxidant, thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub teeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lutein thiab zeaxanthin nyob rau hauv lub macula yog unevenly faib nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam (qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ob peb zaug tsawg dua ntawm cov npoo), uas txhais tau hais tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub teeb xiav (460 nm) yog tsawg heev ntawm cov npoo. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, tus nqi ntawm cov pigments txo, lawv tsis synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cev, lawv tsuas yog tau los ntawm cov zaub mov, yog li tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm xiav lub teeb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub macula nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis txaus

Hauv daim duab. 5. yog ib lub tswv yim dav dav rau kev sib piv qhov projections ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb halogen (lub spectrum yog ze rau lub hnub ci spectrum) thiab lub teeb LED. Nrog LED teeb, thaj chaw teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov loj dua nrog lub teeb halogen.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw faib ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yog siv los xam cov koob tshuaj ntxiv ntawm lub teeb xiav los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj tsis tau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LED, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov xim uas nqus 460 nm xiav lub teeb hauv ntim thiab cheeb tsam.. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem ntau ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm cov LEDs dawb tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas ntau yam yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias los ntawm qhov no nws yog qhov tseeb qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav qhov sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 480 nm mus rau theem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm "melanopsin cross". Cov tshuaj no yog formalized nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug inventor daim ntawv pov thawj (LED dawb lub teeb qhov chaw nrog ib tug ua ke tej thaj chaw deb photoluminescent convector. Patent No. 2502917 hnub tim 2011-30-12.). Qhov no ua kom Russia lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LED dawb nrog cov khoom siv roj ntsha txaus.

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Trade ntawm Lavxias Federation tsis zoo siab tos txais cov kev taw qhia no, uas yog vim li cas tsis muaj nyiaj txiag ua haujlwm hauv cov kev taw qhia no, uas tsis yog tsuas yog teeb pom kev zoo (cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob maternity, thiab lwm yam), tab sis. kuj yog lub backlighting ntawm saib thiab tsheb headlights.

Nrog LED teeb pom kev zoo, kev tswj tsis txaus ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub qhov muag tshwm sim, uas tsim cov xwm txheej kom tau txais ntau dua ntawm lub teeb xiav, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov hlwb ntawm retina (ganglion cells) thiab nws cov hlab ntsha. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv ntau dhau ntawm lub teeb xiav ntawm cov qauv no tau lees paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Biochemical Physics. N. M. Emanuel RAS thiab FANO.

Cov teebmeem saum toj no ntawm kev tswj tsis tau ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla yog siv rau cov teeb fluorescent thiab lub zog txuag hluav taws xob (Fig. 6). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm UV teeb ntawm 435 nm ("Kev nyab xeeb ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo" CELMA - ELC LED WG (SM) 011_ELC CELMA txoj haujlwm ntawv kho qhov muag kev nyab xeeb LED teeb pom kev zoo_Final_July2011)).

Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev sim thiab ntsuas tau ua nyob rau hauv US cov tsev kawm ntawv, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cov tsev kawm ntawv (Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Hygiene thiab kev noj qab haus huv tiv thaiv ntawm cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, SCCH RAMS), nws tau pom tias nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub correlated xim kub ntawm dag. lub teeb qhov chaw, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub qhov muag nce, uas tsim cov preconditions rau ib tug tsis zoo raug rau xiav teeb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub retina. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov xim kub sib txheeb ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm qhov muag txo qis, tab sis tsis ncav cuag qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj.

Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm UV xiav lub teeb ua rau muaj kev nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem degradation uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis pom kev thaum ntxov piv rau hnub ci, txhua yam sib npaug.

Kev nce koob tshuaj xiav nyob rau hauv spectrum ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis pom kev thiab kev noj qab haus huv thaum muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau conservatism ntawm cov kws txawj los ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Trade ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab lub Skolkovo Innovation Center, lub tswv yim ntawm tsim semiconductor dawb lub teeb qhov chaw nrog lom tsim lub teeb cultivated los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm tau txais ib tug txhawb nqa thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. ntiaj teb no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Nyiv, Toshiba Material Co., LTD tau tsim LEDs siv TRI-R thev naus laus zis (Fig. 7).

Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm violet crystals thiab phosphors tso cai rau kev sib txuas ntawm LEDs nrog spectrum ze ntawm lub hnub ci nrog cov xim sib txawv, thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem saum toj no hauv LED spectrum (xiav siv lead ua coated nrog daj phosphor).

Hauv daim duab. yim.nthuav qhia kev sib piv ntawm lub hnub ci spectrum (TK = 6500 K) nrog cov spectrum ntawm LEDs siv TRI-R thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis (xiav siv lead ua coated nrog daj phosphor).

Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm, nws tuaj yeem pom tias nyob rau hauv lub teeb dawb spectrum ntawm LEDs siv TRI-R thev naus laus zis, qhov sib txawv ntawm 480 nm raug tshem tawm thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj xiav ntau dhau.

Yog li, ua kev tshawb fawb los txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub teeb ntawm qee qhov spectrum ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog lub xeev txoj haujlwm. Tsis quav ntsej cov txheej txheem no ua rau ntau txhiab daus las hauv cov nqi.

cov lus xaus

Txoj Cai Sanitary sau cov cai los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teeb pom kev zoo, los ntawm kev txhais cov qauv European. Cov qauv no yog tsim los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ua lawv tus kheej txoj cai tswjfwm kev ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws (kev lag luam hauv tebchaws), uas feem ntau tsis ua raws li txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws Russia.

Nrog LED teeb pom kev zoo, kev tswj tsis txaus ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas photobiological raws li GOST R IEC 62471-2013.

Lub xeev tsis them nyiaj rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, uas yog vim li cas cov kws tu neeg tu cev raug yuam kom hloov kho cov qauv thiab cov kev xav tau rau cov thev naus laus zis uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev hloov pauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis.

Cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev txhim kho cov teeb ci LED thiab PC cov ntxaij vab tshaus yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub qhov muag thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, siv kev ntsuas los tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm "melanopsin cross", uas tshwm sim rau tag nrho cov tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm lub zog txuag hluav taws xob qhov chaw thiab backlighting. ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tso saib cov khoom siv.

Nyob rau hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov LEDs dawb (xiav siv lead ua thiab daj phosphor), uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm spectrum ntawm 480 nm, muaj kev tswj tsis txaus ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla.

Rau cov tsev kho mob maternity, cov tsev kawm ntawv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub zeem muag, yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev tu cev.

Cov lus xaus luv luv los ntawm tus editor:

1. LEDs emit heev brightly nyob rau hauv xiav thiab nyob ze ntawm UV cheeb tsam thiab heev weakly nyob rau hauv xiav.

2. Lub qhov muag "ntsuas" qhov ci ntsa iab thiaj li nqaim cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm theem tsis yog xiav, tab sis xim xiav, uas yog xyaum tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm ib tug dawb LED, yog li ntawd, lub qhov muag "xav" tias nws yog tsaus thiab. qhib cov menyuam kawm ntawv dav, uas ua rau lub retina tau txais ntau zaus ntau lub teeb (xiav thiab UV) dua li thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab, thiab lub teeb no "hlawv" lub teeb-sensitive hlwb ntawm lub qhov muag.

3. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qho dhau ntawm lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ua rau ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv lub clarity ntawm daim duab. ib daim duab nrog lub halo yog tsim rau ntawm retina.

4. Lub qhov muag ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog hais txog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau pob tshab rau xiav dua li cov neeg laus, yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm "hlawv" hauv cov menyuam yaus yog ntau zaus ntau zaus.

5. Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab tias LEDs tsis yog tsuas yog teeb pom kev zoo xwb, tab sis tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov ntxaij vab tshaus.

Yog tias peb muab ib daim duab ntxiv, ces qhov muag puas los ntawm LEDs zoo li qhov muag tsis pom nyob hauv roob, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm UV los ntawm cov daus thiab yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj nyob rau hauv huab cua huab.

Cov lus nug tshwm sim, yuav ua li cas rau cov neeg uas twb muaj teeb pom kev zoo LED, raws li niaj zaus, los ntawm LEDs tsis paub keeb kwm?

Ob qho kev xaiv tuaj rau hauv siab:

1. Ntxiv lub teeb xiav ntxiv (480nm) illumination.

2. Muab lub lim daj rau ntawm lub teeb.

Kuv nyiam thawj qhov kev xaiv ntau dua, vim muaj kev muag khoom xiav (lub teeb xiav) LED strips nrog 475nm hluav taws xob. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb wavelength yog dab tsi?

Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yuav "noj" ib feem ntawm lub teeb thiab lub teeb yuav dimmer, thiab, ntxiv rau, nws tseem tsis tau paub tias qhov twg xiav peb yuav tshem tawm.