Peb suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Part 14. Npua

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

1. Mumps (mumps) nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus feem ntau yog ib yam kab mob tsis tseem ceeb uas txawm tias WHO tsis ua rau lawv ntshai. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv sau, mumps tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov neeg laus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam mos.

2. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej, 15-27% ntawm cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav yog asymptomatic. Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg mob asymptomatic niaj hnub no tsis paub meej vim nws tsis paub meej tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov cov tsos mob li cas. Orchitis (mob ntawm cov noob qes) yog qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm mumps, tab sis nws tsuas yog ua tau rau cov txiv neej laus laus. Orchitis feem ntau yog unilateral. Infertility los ntawm porcine orchitis yog tsis tshua muaj, txawm nyob rau hauv ob tog orchitis.

Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis muaj cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav Monovalent yuav luag tsis pom, tshwj tsis yog hauv Nyij Pooj, qhov twg MMR tseem raug txwv, thiab qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tsis tau txhawb nqa los ntawm lub xeev, thiab tsawg tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws.

3. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. (1967, IB.)

Mumps yog ib qho mob me me hauv cov menyuam yaus, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim vim cov menyuam yuav tsum hla tsev kawm ntawv. Cov teeb meem loj los ntawm mumps yog tsawg.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg tsawg tau tsim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li tom qab muaj mob.

Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tsis ntev los no zoo li muaj kev cia siab, tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau.

4. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. (1980, IB.)

Kaum peb xyoos tom qab, BMJ xav paub ntxiv yog tias UK xav tau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv rau menyuam mos.

Mumps tsis raug rau npe, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob tsis paub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nyob rau hauv 40% ntawm cov kab mob mumps yog asymptomatic. Tej zaum yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias ua ke. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem muab tau thaum nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau cov uas tseem tsis tau muaj kab mob qog noj ntshav lossis qhua pias.

Puas yog 50% ntawm cov niam txiv uas pom zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias hnub no pom zoo rau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv rau nws? Tsuas yog tias qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tab sis thoob plaws kev ntshai ntawm kev xeeb tub los ntawm orchitis overwhelms British tsis ntseeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsis xav tau.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tsawg tsawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov neeg laus raug mob ntau ntxiv. Qhov no twb tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas lawm.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus neeg uas tsis tau rov qab los, tab sis qhov tsis sib xws yog qhov tseeb rau tib neeg tag nrho, vim tias qhov xwm txheej yuav hloov pauv thaum 95% ntawm cov neeg laus tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Tus kab mob no tej zaum yuav tsis kaj siab, tab sis nws tsis tshua txaus ntshai. Sim tiv thaiv nws ntawm qhov loj me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg laus, nrog rau tag nrho cov neeg tuaj koom txaus ntshai.

5. Ib qho kev soj ntsuam rov qab los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm mumps. (1974, J R Coll Gen Pract)

Nws tshuaj xyuas 2,482 tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob xyoo 1958-1969 hauv 16 lub tsev kho mob hauv tebchaws Askiv. Lawv suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov mob qog nqaij hlav uas yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv lub tebchaws. Ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 15 xyoos. Cov teeb meem tau pom nyob rau hauv 42%. Peb tus neeg tuag, tab sis ob tug ntawm lawv muaj lwm tus mob hnyav, thiab tus kab mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsis cuam tshuam txog kev tuag, thiab qhov thib peb feem ntau yuav tsis muaj kab mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb uas tej zaum yuav tseem tsis tau rov qab los ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog lag ntseg hauv tsib tus neeg mob, plaub ntawm lawv yog cov neeg laus.

Meningitis nyob rau hauv mumps yog heev uas ib txhia ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab suav hais tias yog ib qho teeb meem, tab sis yog ib feem ntawm tus kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev pom zoo tias tus mob meningitis hauv mumps tsis txaus ntshai thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no.

Orchitis feem ntau yog qhov ntshai tshaj plaws. Muaj kev ntshai ntawm kev xeeb tub los ntawm orchitis, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog overestimated. Txawm hais tias kev xeeb tub tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab, hauv kev tshawb fawb me me, kev xeeb tub tsis pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm orchitis.

Cov kws sau ntawv xaus lus tias tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau. Tej zaum nws yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas uas paub tab thaum lawv nkag mus hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce qib lossis tub rog. Tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias 90% ntawm cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 14 xyoos twb muaj mumps, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg uas tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

6. Kev tshaj tawm txog qhov hnov qab qhov muag tsis pom kev tom qab mob qhua pias, mumps, thiab rubella. (Stewart, 1993, Arch Dis Child)

Nws piav txog 9 tus neeg lag ntseg tom qab MMR hauv 4 xyoo txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau qhia. Cov kws sau ntawv xaus lus tias 3 qhov xwm txheej tsis cuam tshuam txog tshuaj tiv thaiv (tab sis tsis piav qhia yog vim li cas), thiab 6 qhov ntxiv yuav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam.

Txij li thaum ib leeg lag ntseg tsis yooj yim rau kev kuaj mob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 lub hlis, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam uas tsis tau tshwm sim.

Cov kws sau ntawv thov kom sim cov me nyuam lub rooj sib hais thaum nkag mus kawm ntawv thiab muab piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm saib seb MMR puas cuam tshuam rau kev hnov lus.

Qee qhov kev lag ntseg tom qab MMR: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9].

Lwm 44 kis tau tshaj tawm nrog VAERS.

7. Mumps meningoencephalitis (puyn, 1957, Calif Med)

Nws tshaj tawm txog 119 tus neeg mob meningoencephalitis vim mumps hauv San Francisco tshaj 12 xyoo (1943-1955). Nws feem ntau kis tau yooj yim, tsis muaj teeb meem, tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub paj hlwb, kav ntev li tsib hnub, thiab kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tsis tshua tsim nyog. Kev tuag vim mob meningoencephalitis los ntawm mumps yog tsawg heev, thiab tsuas yog 3 qhov xwm txheej no tau piav qhia hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kho mob (xws li ib qho ntawm 119).

8. Mumps hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Cov pov thawj ntxiv ntawm kev hloov pauv kev kis kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus-tiv thaiv kab mob. (Kaplan, 1988, JAMA)

Nees nkaum xyoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab 10 xyoo tom qab nws tau siv dav, muaj thawj kis kab mob qog nqaij hlav (118 tus neeg mob) hauv chaw ua haujlwm (Chicago Board of Trade). Qhov tshwm sim raug nqi $ 120,738, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog nqi $ 4.47.

Cov kws sau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias keeb kwm, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau npaum li lwm yam kab mob vim tias tus kab mob me. Txawm li cas los xij, $ 1,500 rau txhua kis mob qog noj ntshav yog tus nqi siab heev, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug nqi $ 4.47 hauv pej xeem thiab $ 8.80 hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias txhua las koj siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav txuag $ 7- $ 14.

Tsis tas li ntawd, mumps hauv cov neeg laus feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem. Orchitis tshwm sim hauv 10-38% ntawm cov txiv neej laus laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg laus uas muaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem tsim mob meningitis (0.6% ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo). Mumps thaum thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nchuav menyuam.

Hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kab mob qog nqaij hlav tau pom feem ntau hauv tsev loj cuj, hauv tsev menyuam ntsuag thiab hauv cov tub rog barracks.

9. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab mob mumps ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR: kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj xyuas. (Harling, 2005, Vaccine)

Mumps tshwm sim hauv London. 51% ntawm cov neeg mob tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 64%. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ob koob tshuaj yog 88%. Qhov kev ua tau zoo no qis dua qhov uas tau teev tseg hauv kev sim tshuaj, vim tias immunogenicity (piv txwv li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) tsis yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav raug khaws cia tsis raug, ua rau lawv siv tsis tau.

Cov kws sau ntawv kuj tshuaj xyuas lwm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv 60s, qhov ua tau zoo yog 97%, hauv 70s 73-79%, hauv 80s 70-91%, hauv 90s 46-78% (87% rau Urabe hom).

10. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv Thaib teb thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv tshiab hauv cov mumps fusion protein. (Gilliland, 2013, Biologicals)

Ob lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR ntawm cov poj niam kws saib xyuas neeg mob hauv Thaib teb, muaj tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav. Cov neeg mob tau kuaj pom tias muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (Leningrad-Zagreb). Hom kab mob no tau ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav ntau zaus yav dhau los.

11. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, Fabkis 2013. (Vygen, 2016, Euro Surveill)

Xyoo 2013, 15 tus kab mob qog noj ntshav tau tshaj tawm hauv Fab Kis. 72% ntawm cov neeg mob tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 49% rau ib koob thiab 55% rau ob koob.

Ntawm cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj ib zaug, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob qog noj ntshav tau nce 7% nrog rau txhua xyoo dhau los tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Ntawm cov uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob qog noj ntshav tau nce 10% nrog txhua xyoo dhau los tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Orchitis tau pom nyob rau hauv tsib tus txiv neej. Ib qho tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, ob zaug tau txhaj tshuaj ib zaug, thiab ob zaug tau txhaj tshuaj ob zaug.

Mumps yog ib hom kab mob me me uas ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej tab sis qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li orchitis, meningitis, pancreatitis, lossis encephalitis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov laus. Hauv cov neeg laus, cov teeb meem los ntawm mumps muaj ntau dua thiab hnyav dua li cov menyuam yaus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov tsis tau txhaj tshuaj.

Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, kuj tseem muaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj. Nws kuj tseem muaj peev xwm hais tias muaj kev sib kis yog vim qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo, tsis txaus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, lossis muaj cov kab mob uas tsis tau them los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab txo qis kev ua tau zoo, ua rau ib tus xav txog qhov peb koob tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov kev sim no tau ua tiav hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum muaj kev sib kis xyoo 2009 thiab 2010. Ob lub sij hawm, qhov tshwm sim tau ploj mus ob peb lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib kis yeej ib txwm txo qis, thiab nws tsis paub meej tias qhov no yog vim qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no thiab lwm yam kev sim qhia tias koob thib peb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog lub tswv yim phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim tau pom thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thib peb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Hauv tebchaws Netherlands, lawv xav qhia txog koob thib peb ntawm MMR hauv lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, tab sis hloov lawv lub siab, vim tias, thawj zaug, cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav tsis tshua tshwm sim, thiab qhov thib ob, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg laus tsis zoo li yuav txaus siab.

Kev kis kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nrog rau txoj kev tshawb no, tau coj Fab Kis Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau pom zoo ib koob thib peb ntawm MMR thaum muaj kev sib kis. Txawm hais tias nws tsis paub meej tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau cov neeg uas twb muaj tus kab mob no lawm, nws muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua rau lub sijhawm sib kis ntawm tus neeg txhaj tshuaj.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb Dutch, nws tau pom tias ob feem peb yog asymptomatic thaum muaj kev sib kis. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob asymptomatic hauv kev kis tus kab mob tseem tsis tau paub.

Kev soj ntsuam yav tom ntej hauv Fab Kis, thiab tej zaum lwm lub tebchaws uas tau txais cov lus pom zoo zoo sib xws, yuav pab txiav txim seb qhov koob thib peb ntawm MMR puas siv tau thaum muaj kev sib kis.

12. Mumps outpeak nyob rau hauv cov neeg Ixayees cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev: ob koob tshuaj txaus? (Anis, 2012, Epidemiol Infect)

Mumps tshwm sim hauv Ixayees (tshaj li 5,000 tus neeg mob), 78% tau txhaj tshuaj tag nrho. Feem ntau cov hluas thiab cov laus tau mob. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws (Austria, USA, Netherlands, UK), cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav kuj tau pom ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, thaum nyob hauv cov tebchaws uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 txog 9 xyoos muaj mob.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv siab (90-97%), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav tau kuaj pom hauv tsuas yog 68% ntawm cov pejxeem.

Cov kws sau ntawv sau tias kev kis kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv xyoo tas los no tau tshwm sim los ntawm genotype G, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj tus kab mob ntawm genotype A. Tab sis lawv tsis ntseeg tias qhov no yog vim muaj kev sib kis thiab qhia txog koob thib peb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

13. Mumps tshaj tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov pej xeem uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev. Cov pov thawj ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj loj loj tsis ua haujlwm. (Cheek, 1995, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med)

Tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas txhua tus tab sis ib tus ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tag nrho muaj 54 kis.

Muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws txog kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho, ntawm no yog ob peb ntxiv: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8 [9], [10], [11], [12], [13].

14. Kev kis tus kab mob mumps los ntawm cov neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mus rau cov neeg nyob ze. (Fanoy, 2011, Vaccine)

Ib yam li mob qhua pias, txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav muaj sia nyob, ib zaug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj yuav kis mus rau lwm tus. Cov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].

15. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj ntau yam kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj ib tsab xov xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Wikipedia sau cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub xyoo pua 21st.

16. Xyoo 2010, ob tug kws kho mob uas yav dhau los ua haujlwm ntawm Merck tau foob lub tuam txhab. Lawv tau hais tias Merck tau cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, uas tso cai rau lub tuam txhab tseem yog ib tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm MMR hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Qhov kev foob tau liam tias Merck tau tsim qhov kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv cuav thaum xyoo 90s lig. Lub tuam txhab tau yuam kom cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm, tau cog lus rau lawv cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dhau daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab hem lawv hauv tsev kaw neeg yog tias lawv tshaj tawm qhov kev dag ntxias rau FDA.

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav yog kuaj raws li hauv qab no. Cov menyuam yaus tau kuaj ntshav ua ntej thiab tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd tus kab mob no ntxiv rau hauv cov ntshav, uas, kis kab mob, tsim cov plaques. Kev sib piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov plaques hauv cov ntshav ua ntej thiab tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Ntau dua li kev sim seb cov menyuam cov ntshav neutralizes tus kab mob qus ntawm tus kab mob, Merck tau sim seb nws ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem tsis txaus los qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 95%. Yog li, luav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ntxiv rau cov menyuam yaus cov ntshav kuaj, uas twb tau muab 100% kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Txij li thaum qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsiaj tau pom tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm 80% (es tsis yog 10%), nws tau pom tseeb tias muaj kev dag ntxias ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Thaum xub thawj, peb sim hloov tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv, tab sis qhov no tsis tau muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Tom qab ntawd lawv nyuam qhuav pib ua cov quav hniav cuav, thiab lawv suav cov quav hniav uas tsis nyob hauv cov ntshav. Cov ntaub ntawv cuav tau nkag mus rau hauv Excel tam sim ntawd, vim nws siv sijhawm ntau dhau los hloov cov ntaub ntawv, thiab dhau li ntawd, cov tswv yim zoo li no tsis tso cov cim ntawm kev dag.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob tau tig mus rau FDA, thiab tus neeg sawv cev tuaj ntawm qhov ntawd nrog kev kuaj xyuas. Nws nug cov lus nug rau ib nrab ib teev, tau txais cov lus teb tsis tseeb, tsis nug cov kws kho mob lawv tus kheej, tsis tau kuaj xyuas lub chaw kuaj mob, thiab tau sau ib nplooj ntawv qhia uas nws tau taw qhia txog cov teeb meem me me hauv cov txheej txheem, yam tsis tau hais txog luav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis cov ntaub ntawv cuav.

Vim li ntawd, Merck tau ntawv pov thawj MMR thiab MMRV, thiab tsuas yog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Tom qab muaj kab mob loj heev ntawm kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv xyoo 2006 thiab 2009, CDC, uas tau npaj los tshem tawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm 2010, thawb lub hom phiaj mus rau 2020.

Thaum lub tsev hais plaub hais kom Merck muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 50 xyoo dhau los.

17. Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm MMR uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob qhua pias siv tau rau cov kab mob qog noj ntshav.

Nov yog ob peb yam ntxiv:

18. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm aseptic meningitis cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaj tshuaj loj nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias-mob-rubella: cuam tshuam rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. (Dourado, 2000, Am J Epidemiol)

Tom qab muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR loj heev hauv tebchaws Brazil nrog cov kab mob Japanese kab mob qog noj ntshav (Urabe), qhov tshwm sim ntawm aseptic meningitis pib. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no nce 14-30 zaug.

Qhov tseeb tias Urabe strain yog txuam nrog aseptic meningitis tau paub ua ntej, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm Brazilian tau txiav txim siab siv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb no, vim nws pheej yig dua thiab siv tau zoo dua li Jeryl Lynn strain (uas yog siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas), thiab vim lawv xav tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob meningitis yog luv heev.

Hauv Fab Kis, kev txhaj tshuaj nrog tib hom kab mob tsis ua rau muaj kev kis tus kab mob meningitis. Cov kws sau ntawv piav qhia qhov tshwm sim no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hauv Brazil, kev sib kis tau tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov nroog loj, uas tib neeg nyob ze rau tsev kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, coob tus menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim.

Cov kws sau ntawv txhawj xeeb tias cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv sau tias tib neeg txoj kev ntseeg ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsis txaus, thiab ntau thiab ntau tus neeg tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab hais tias nws yuav tsis raug mob los kuj sau npe cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

19. Nyob rau hauv UK, Urabe strain pib siv nyob rau hauv 1988, thiab twb txiav lawm nyob rau hauv 1992, tsuas yog tom qab cov producers tshaj tawm hais tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nws. Txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, cov tub ceev xwm paub txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus kab mob no nyob rau xyoo 1987.

20. Tshaj tawm ntawm aseptic meningitis thiab mumps tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj loj nrog MMR tshuaj tiv thaiv siv cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav Leningrad-Zagreb. (da Cunha, 2002, Vaccine)

Xyoo tom ntej, cov tub ceev xwm Brazilian, qhia los ntawm kev iab, yuav MMR nrog lwm hom kab mob qog nqaij hlav - Leningrad-Zagreb, thiab inoculated 845 txhiab tus menyuam nrog nws. Muaj lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm aseptic meningitis, thiab lub sijhawm no qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua 74 npaug. Tau kawg, nws tau paub txog tus kab mob no ua ntej tias nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob meningitis, tab sis txij li thaum kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Bahamas tsis ua rau muaj tus kab mob meningitis, peb txiav txim siab saib seb nws yuav zoo li cas hauv Brazil. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob mumps pib. Ib qho ntawm txhua 300 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua rau mob qog.

Cov kws sau ntawv nug seb puas yog tag nrho cov nyiaj pab rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lossis seb qee qhov nyiaj puas yuav tsum tau tso tseg los sau npe cov kev mob tshwm sim. Lawv sau tias qhov teeb meem no yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntseeg tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tsis lees paub thiab tsis muaj dab tsi los nkim nyiaj rau kev thab plaub. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev saib xyuas kev mob tshwm sim ntseeg tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv ua rau cov pej xeem ntshai, thiab ua rau tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov kab mob Leningrad-Zagreb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Serbia los ntawm Leningrad 3 hom, uas kuj ua rau mob meningitis.

21. Kev nyuaj siab lymphocyte ua haujlwm tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias-mob-rubella. (Munyer, 1975, J Infect Dis)

Cov kws sau ntawv tau sim cov lus teb lymphocyte rau candida hauv cov neeg txhaj tshuaj thiab pom tias MMR ua rau txo qis lymphocyte kev ua haujlwm, kav ntev li 1-5 lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Lymphocyte muaj nuj nqi rov qab mus rau nws qib dhau los tsuas yog 10-12 lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.

22. Henoch-Schönlein purpura thiab kev siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum yau: kev kawm txog kev tswj xyuas. (Da Dalt, 2016, Ital J Pediatr)

MMR nce qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hemorrhagic vasculitis los ntawm 3.4 npaug. Feem ntau tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis hauv 1% ntawm cov neeg mob nws ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.

23. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav muaj kab mob orchitis: Cov pov thawj txhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. (Clifford, 2010, Vaccine)

Orchitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau zoo raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav.

24. Kev sib sib zog nqus sib sib zog nqus nthuav tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov kab mob encephalitis ntev. (Morfopoulou, 2017, Acta Neuropathol)

Ib tug me nyuam tub muaj hnub nyoog 14 hli tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR thiab tau kuaj pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis loj heev 4 lub hlis tom qab. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua tiav kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha, thiab nws tsim mob encephalitis, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos nws tuag. Thaum nws tau kuaj pom lub hlwb, lawv pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv nws lub hlwb. Qhov no yog thawj kis ntawm tus kab mob mumps panencephalitis.

25. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los, ntawm lwm yam, cov kev tshawb fawb tau muab raws li cov mumps nyob rau hauv thaum yau txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, neurological thiab kab mob plawv. Ntawm no kuv yuav nyob hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv txog kev mob qog noj ntshav zes qe menyuam.

26. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm zes qe menyuam. (West, 1966, Cancer)

Tsis zoo li lwm cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hnub nyoog nce ntxiv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam nce mus txog rau hnub nyoog 70 xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd poob qis. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam hauv Nyij Pooj yog qis dua hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg hom mob qog noj ntshav no tau dhau los ua ntau dua.

Tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev koom tes ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab 50 yam sib txawv, thiab pom tias tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam yog qhov tsis muaj mumps hauv menyuam yaus (p = 0.007). Qhov tseeb, qhov tsis muaj rubella hauv menyuam yaus kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam, tab sis qhov no p-tus nqi yog 0.02. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau muaj kev hwm tus kheej me ntsis, thiab p> 0.01 tsis suav tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb.

Lawv kuj pom tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam hauv cov poj niam uas tsis tau sib yuav yog ntau dua.

27. Muaj peev xwm ua tau tus kab mob mumps hauv etiology ntawm zes qe menyuam qog noj ntshav. (Menczer, 1979, Cancer)

Clinical mumps nyob rau hauv me nyuam yaus yog txuam nrog txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pom tias cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua rau cov qog ntshav.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntseeg hais tias dab tsi cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam tsis yog tus kab mob mumps nws tus kheej, tab sis cov kab mob subclinical. Nrog rau kev mob subclinical (tsis muaj tsos mob, zoo li tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv), tsawg dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tom qab tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav.

28. Mumps thiab zes qe menyuam qog noj ntshav: niaj hnub txhais lus ntawm lub koom haum keeb kwm. (Cramer, 2011, Cancer Ua Control)

Ntxiv rau ob qhov no, xya qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau luam tawm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm mumps nrog txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm qhov tshwm sim no tsis tau tshawb xyuas, thiab txij li thaum pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev sib txuas ntawm mumps thiab qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab tsis nco qab.

Tag nrho tab sis ob txoj kev tshawb fawb pom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm zes qe menyuam. Ib qho ntawm ob txoj kev tshawb fawb uas pom tsis muaj qhov sib txuas pom tsis muaj kev sib txuas txawm tias lub cev xeeb tub thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam. Txoj kev tshawb fawb thib ob (qhov kawg ntawm cuaj) tau ua nyob rau xyoo 2008, thiab twb muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li yav dhau los.

MUC1 yog ib daim nyias nyias uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Cov kws sau ntawv pom tias cov poj niam uas muaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua rau cov protein ntau dua li cov uas tsis muaj kab mob qog. Cov txheej txheem lom neeg no piav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm mumps.

Kev txhaj tshuaj mumps tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tsis tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob MUC1. Txhawm rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, koj yuav tsum muaj kab mob qog. Los ntawm qhov no nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias txij li cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav muaj tsawg dua tom qab pib txhaj tshuaj, qhov no yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam. Tseeb tiag, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam ntawm cov poj niam dawb tau nce.

Cov kws sau ntawv kuj tau ua ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm yim qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab xaus lus tias cov mumps txo kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm 19%.

29. Oncolytic kev ua ub no ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav tau pom zoo thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav zes qe menyuam. (Myers, 2005, Cancer Gene Ther)

Kev mob qog nqaij hlav zes qe menyuam yog qhov ua rau tuag thib plaub hauv cov poj niam Asmeskas. 25 txhiab tus poj niam ib xyoos poob rau nws, thiab 16 txhiab tus ntawm lawv tuag. Cov kws sau ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas peb tus kab mob - tus kab mob qhua pias rov ua dua, thiab cov kab mob qhua pias thiab kab mob qog noj ntshav raws li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav zes qe menyuam hauv vitro thiab hauv cov nas. Tag nrho peb tus kab mob ua tiav tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Txawm hais tias tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tus kab mob, rau qee yam, tsis tau siv hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Tej zaum vim tias qhov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv lub paj hlwb.

Cov kws sau ntawv sau tseg tias txij li cov neeg feem coob nyob rau sab hnub poob tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias thiab kab mob qog noj ntshav, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog hom kev kho no.

30. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tib neeg nrog tus kab mob mumps. (Asada, 1974, Cancer)

90 tus neeg mob uas muaj mob qog noj ntshav tau sim thiab kho nrog tus kab mob mumps (tsiaj qus los yog ze-kub qus). Tus kab mob no tau muab qhov ncauj, qhov quav, tso rau hauv lub cev, los ntawm kev nqus pa, txhaj tshuaj, lossis tsuas yog siv sab nraud rau cov qog. Vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj tus kab mob txaus, cov neeg mob tau txais me me xwb.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo heev hauv 37 tus neeg mob (ua tiav cov qog ploj lossis txo qis ntau dua 50%), thiab zoo hauv 42 tus neeg mob (cov qog nqaij hlav los yog txiav tawm ntawm qhov loj). Tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub, qhov mob tau txo qis thiab qab los noj mov zoo dua, thiab hauv ob lub lis piam ntau cov qog ploj lawm. Kev mob tshwm sim tsawg heev. 19 tus neeg mob tau kho tag nrho.

31. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tus kab mob mumps rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tib neeg. (Okuno, 1978, Biken J)

Ob puas tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub cev nrog tus kab mob mumps (Urabe strain). Qhov tshwm sim nkaus xwb yog qhov nce me ntsis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv ib nrab ntawm lawv.

Hauv 26 tus neeg mob, qog regression tau pom, feem ntau ntawm qhov mob ploj mus, hauv 30 ntawm 35 los ntshav poob qis lossis nres, hauv 30 ntawm 41 ascites thiab edema txo qis lossis ploj.

32. Attenuated mumps virus therapy of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. (Sato, 1979, Int J Oral Surg)

Ob tug neeg mob carcinoma ntawm maxillary sinus raug txhaj rau tus kab mob mumps (strain Urabe). Lawv qhov mob tau ploj mus tam sim ntawd thiab cov qog regressed. Muaj tseeb tiag, ces lawv tseem tuag ntawm kev qaug zog.

33. Recombinant mumps virus as a cancer kho mob. (Ammayappan, 2016, Mol Ther Oncolytics)

Tag nrho peb qhov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau ua hauv Nyij Pooj, thiab sab nraud ntawm Nyij Pooj, cov txiaj ntsig no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau leej twg. Thiab xyoo 2016, Mayo Clinic tsis muaj npe tau txiav txim siab coj cov qauv ntawm tus kab mob no hauv Nyij Pooj thiab sim lawv hauv vitro thiab hauv nas. Thiab nws tau muab tawm tias, qhov tseeb, tus kab mob no muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer.

34. Kev siv fetal bovine serum: teeb meem kev ncaj ncees lossis kev tshawb fawb? (Jochems, 2002, Altern Lab Anim)

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm MMR (thiab qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv) yog fetal bovine serum. Cov hlwb uas cov kab mob loj hlob yuav tsum tau ntau, thiab rau qhov no lawv xav tau cov khoom noj nruab nrab nrog cov tshuaj hormones, kev loj hlob, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, thiab lwm yam. Fetal bovine serum feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov nruab nrab no.

Txij li cov ntshav qab zib yuav tsum nyiam kom tsis muaj menyuam, nws tsis yog cov ntshav ntawm nyuj uas yog siv rau nws cov khoom, tab sis cov ntshav ntawm embryos ntawm nyuj.

Tus nyuj cev xeeb tub raug tua thiab muab lub tsev menyuam tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd lub fetus raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev menyuam, txoj hlab ntaws raug txiav tawm thiab tua kab mob. Tom qab ntawd, lub plawv yog pierced los ntawm fetus thiab cov ntshav yog pumped tawm. Qee zaum lub twj tso kua mis yog siv rau qhov no, thiab qee zaum massage. Tom qab ntawd cov ntshav coagulates thiab platelets thiab clotting yam yog cais los ntawm nws los ntawm centrifugation. Dab tsi yog tshuav tom qab yog fetal bovine serum.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom tsim nyog, cov ntshav tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov kab mob, kab mob, cov poov xab, fungi, mycoplasmas, endotoxins thiab tej zaum prions. Ntau cov khoom ntawm bovine serum tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov txheeb ze tsis paub.

Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog peb lub hlis, 150 ml ntawm cov ntshav yog tsim, los ntawm 6 lub hlis embryo - 350 ml, thiab los ntawm cuaj lub hlis - 550 ml. (Nov yog cev xeeb tub rau 9 lub hlis). Lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam rau bovine whey yog 500,000 litres ib xyoos twg, uas xav tau kwv yees li 2 lab tus nyuj cev xeeb tub. (Tam sim no, lub lag luam whey twb 700,000 litres).

Tom qab ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv seb tus menyuam hauv plab puas raug mob thaum lub plawv raug chob thiab cov ntshav tawm.

Txij li thaum tus me nyuam hauv plab, uas yog cais los ntawm cov placenta, muaj kev anoxia (mob tsis muaj oxygen), qhov no yuav ua rau lub fact tias qhov mob tsis mus txog lub hlwb, thiab tus me nyuam mos tsis raug kev txom nyem.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws hloov tawm tias, tsis zoo li cov laus laus, uas tuag tom qab 1.5 feeb ntawm anoxia, cov luav ntxov ntxov nyob 44 feeb yam tsis muaj oxygen. Qhov no yog vim hais tias fetuses thiab cov menyuam mos yug tshiab them rau qhov tsis muaj oxygen los ntawm cov metabolism hauv anaerobic. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hlwb fetal siv oxygen tsawg dua li cov neeg laus lub hlwb. Ntawm lwm hom tsiaj, pom cov duab zoo sib xws, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg kuaj cov nyuj.

Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tsuas yog xav tsis thoob yog tias tus menyuam hauv plab mammalian lossis tus menyuam yug tshiab tau mob. Tsuas yog kaum xyoo dhau los, cov menyuam mos tau xav tias tsis tshua mob siab dua li cov neeg laus, yog li cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov thiab lub sijhawm tau ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj tshuaj loog. Niaj hnub no, nws ntseeg tau hais tias tib neeg fetus muaj kev mob los ntawm lub lim tiam 24, thiab tej zaum yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm 11 lub lis piam tom qab xeeb tub. Tsis tas li ntawd, embryos thiab cov me nyuam mos muaj kev nkag siab rau qhov mob ntau dua li cov neeg laus, txij li lawv tseem tsis tau tsim ib lub tswv yim los txo qhov mob ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, tus me nyuam hauv plab yuav raug mob txawm tias nws tsuas yog kov.

Cov kws sau ntawv xaus lus tias thaum lub sij hawm tho lub plawv, tus me nyuam hauv plab muaj lub hlwb ua haujlwm, nws muaj kev mob, thiab raug kev txom nyem thaum cov ntshav ntws tawm ntawm nws, thiab tej zaum tom qab qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev no, ua ntej tuag.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv sib cav seb nws puas tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab kom tsis txhob mob. Qee tus ntseeg tias anoxia nws tus kheej ua ib qho tshuaj loog, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsiaj yug tshiab yog cov neeg pluag heev ntawm kev nqus tshuaj. Thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj no lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog undesirable. Hluav taws xob poob siab kuj tsis haum, vim nws ua rau lub plawv nres. Cov kws sau ntawv ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm hais tias lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, raug tsav mus rau hauv lub hlwb, yuav ua rau lub hlwb tuag ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab.

Qee cov tuam txhab lag luam hais tias lawv tua tus menyuam hauv plab ua ntej tshem cov ntshav ntawm nws. Tab sis qhov no tsis muaj tseeb, txij li thaum cov ntshav txhaws tam sim ntawd tom qab tuag, thiab thiaj li yuav rho tawm nws, tus me nyuam hauv plab yuav tsum muaj sia nyob.

Cov kws sau ntawv xaus lus tias cov txheej txheem sau rau fetal bovine serum yog inhumane.

35. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo vim yog tsiaj cov ntshav siv hauv kev tsim cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes. (Wessman, 1999, Dev Biol Stand)

20-50% ntawm fetal bovine serum kis tus kab mob bovine raws plab thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Peb tab tom tham txog cov kab mob uas paub txog kev tshawb fawb, uas tsuas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm.

36. Fetal Bovine Serum RNA cuam tshuam nrog Cell Culture derived Extracellular RNA. (Wei, 2016, Xwm)

Fetal bovine serum muaj extracellular RNA uas tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov RNA no cuam tshuam nrog RNA ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb, uas cov kab mob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau loj hlob.

37. Cov pov thawj ntawm pestivirus RNA hauv tib neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. (Harasawa, 1994, J Clin Microbiol)

Cov kws sau ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas 5 qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob thiab pom hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv, nrog rau hauv ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav thiab rubella, RNA ntawm tus kab mob bovine raws plab, uas tej zaum tau txais los ntawm fetal bovine serum.

Hauv cov menyuam mos, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab, thiab hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, mus txog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj microcephaly.

38. Cov kab mob kis kab mob ntawm bovine fetal serum thiab cell kab lis kev cai. (Nuttall, 1977, Xwm)

Qhov tseeb hais tias fetal bovine serum tau kis tus kab mob bovine raws plab yog paub thaum ntxov li 1977. Tus kab mob no paub tias hla cov placenta thiab tuaj yeem kis tau tus menyuam mos hauv lub tsev menyuam. 60% ntawm cov qauv kuaj ntshav hauv tebchaws Australia tau kis tus kabmob. 8% ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rhinotracheitis bovine kuj tau kis kab mob.

Tus kab mob no kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv lub raum bovine hlwb, uas yog siv los ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias.

39. Hauv vitro inhibition kab mob mumps los ntawm retinoids. (Soye, 2013, Virol J)

Vitamin A inhibits qhov sib npaug ntawm tus kab mob mumps hauv vitro.