Bourgeois Science lossis Vim Li Cas Kawm Txawv Tebchaws?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Yav dhau los, cov dab neeg hais txog kev zoo siab Munchausen tau sau thiab nyeem zoo li cov dab neeg. Tag kis, zoo li lawv yuav raug siv los kawm cov cai ntawm physics thiab artillery ua haujlwm …

Muaj ib zaug, ib lub tsev luam ntawv tau hais kom kuv txhais ib phau ntawv los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv uas tau mob siab rau qhov kev lom zem zoo li ninja hauv keeb kwm ntawm Nyiv. Phau ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb, muaj ntau yam duab, piav qhia txog kev ua tsov ua rog, quotes los ntawm Japanese keeb kwm keeb kwm, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nws muaj txhua yam. Tsuas yog ninja. Lub npe no tau hais ib zaug xwb - hauv lub npe ntawm phau ntawv nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb qhov chaw, lawv cov tsoos Japanese lub npe tau pom - shinobi (los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv Japanese tsis muaj suab "zh" thiab "sh", thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj shinobi, tsis muaj zaj duab xis "Fuji", tsis muaj sushi, tsis muaj jiu-jitsu; nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug buzzing, hissing nyeem ntawv, lawv tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab los ntawm lus Askiv, tab sis Mount Fuji - ncaj qha, los ntawm Nyiv). Rau ntau pua nplooj ntawv, nws tsuas yog hais txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm samurai, hais txog lawv cov tub rog kev sib tw thiab hais txog cov tub rog kev dag ntxias uas cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm lawv cov shoguns (cov thawj coj tub rog) tau mus. Nrog tib txoj kev vam meej ib tus tuaj yeem sau txog "ninja hauv tub rog ntawm Jan Zhizhka" lossis "ninja hauv kev sib tw ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky." Txij thaum ntawd los, kuv muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov tias cov neeg Nyij Pooj lawv tus kheej tau kawm tias lawv ib zaug muaj ninjas los ntawm American comics thiab cartoons txog vaub kib ntawm tib lub npe, uas yog, txog peb caug xyoo dhau los.

Thiab nyuam qhuav tsis ntev los no kuv tau pib nyeem (ua Vajtswv tsaug, tsis yog kev txhais lus) ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm keeb kwm sau los ntawm ntau li tsib tus kws tshawb fawb. Kuv yuav tsis muab lawv cov npe lus Askiv, tab sis ntawm no phau ntawv no hu ua "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog 500 - 1500". Cov lej, raws li koj nkag siab, qhia lub sijhawm them. Ib zaug ntxiv, kuv txaus siab rau cov duab ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tsev fuabtais, nrog rau peb-seem txheej txheem ntawm qee qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis ib tug tu siab déjà vu tshwm sim rau kuv …

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tshooj nyob rau hauv lub intriguing title "Marines ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog", uas muaj raws nraim ob kab lus, kuv tsis pom ib yam dab tsi txawm remotely hnov tsw ntawm hiav txwv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm nws muaj xws li ib lo lus, uas tsis nyob ntawm. txhua tus nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi: "Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm no yog rau William tus Conqueror, ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev yeej ntawm Hastings, "vulgar Latin" coj los ntawm Fab Kis ennobled cov lus hais lus phem ntau dua ntawm Saxons-Germans."

Kuv tau mus rau tshooj "Siege" thiab … txiav txim siab los zaum rau kab lus no. Vim kuv nyeem cov lus hauv qab no: “Thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov, cov riam phom tshiab no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov neeg siv qhov lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thiab feem ntau medieval technologies yog txawm inferior - thiab tej zaum kuj tseem ceeb - rau cov uas feem ntau txais nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no, txij li thaum pib theem, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov tub rog txoj hauj lwm thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej, muaj ib tug nyiam. kom txo qis cov qauv hauv yuav luag txhua yam."

Koj puas nkag siab qhov sau ntawm no? Nws tau sau ntawm no, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub, hais tias dhau sij hawm, technologies tau dhau los ua thawj zaug, zoo li hais tias, hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov neeg tseem tsim Katyushas, thiab peb tau rushed mus rau Afghanistan nrog muskets. Nyob ntawd, panimash, Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ruam, tab sis ntawm no - Soviet stagnation, kev tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg sau ntawv ib txwm sau nrog kev paub txog qhov teeb meem, ntseeg siab, zoo li lawv tus kheej ya mus rau ntawd thiab pom txhua yam ntawm lawv lub qhov muag.

Kuv yog ib tug tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej, thiab yog li ntawd kuv tsis hu tsis nyob rau hauv lub banner ntawm Fomenko, los yog cov neeg uas refute lawv, thiab qhov no tsis yog dab tsi kuv tab tom tham txog (txawm hais tias zawv zawg mus rau hauv savagery tsis muaj laj thawj, koj yuav tsum pom zoo, yog. txawv txawv). Thiab kuv tab tom ua rau nws tias cov phau ntawv no tau sau, luam tawm, nyeem thiab txhais ua lus Lavxias nyob rau sab hnub poob vaunted. Thiab leej twg yuav xav nrog nws lub taub hau? Koj puas xav kom cov kws sau keeb kwm no qhia keeb kwm rau koj cov menyuam nyob rau hauv Oxford thiab Cambridge?

Tab sis nyob rau hauv tib phau ntawv, nyob rau tib tshooj, lwm qhov teeb meem yog dealt nrog - qhov teeb meem ntawm siege lug. Ntawm no kuv twb qhia koj kom cia koj cov menyuam mus tom qab Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe mus kawm engineering txawj ntse. Nyeem qhov lawv sau (piv txwv li cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg laus hauv kev sib piv nrog cov medieval boobies): "Thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm Rhodes (305-304 BC), cov tub rog Greek tau txhim tsa lub log yees, uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub rooj vag loj. Qhov siab ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv mus txog 43 meters, thiab txawm hlau daim hlau npog ob peb theem nrog cov tub rog thiab siege tshuab nyob rau ntawm lawv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub siege, lub "tso" hlau yog txaus los tsim lub Colossus ntawm Rhodes nyob rau hauv lub harbor (ib tug loj heev [tshaj 30 meters] daim duab ntawm lub hnub vajtswv Helios)."

Kuv vam tias koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov 43 meters yog dab tsi. Lub tsev no muaj 15 cov plag tsev niaj hnub. Ntxiv mus, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub log. Ntxiv mus, nrog tib neeg, nyob rau hauv hlau thiab nrog siege riam phom. Ntxiv mus, nws yob tsis raws txoj kev khiav ntawm lub tshav dav hlau, tab sis hla toj thiab av nkos ntawm Antiquity. Nws dov mus rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress tsis yog tsib meters, tab sis pom tseeb ntau, vim hais tias leej twg yuav tau cia nws ua nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Koj puas tau nthuav tawm? Kuv tsis xav xav txog dab tsi lub log thiab axles ntawm cov qauv no yuav tsum tau ua. Tab sis kuv tuaj yeem pom meej meej tias thaj chaw twg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam yuav tsum yog kom nws tsis txhob tawm txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho: nyiam dua tsis pub tsawg dua li qub 40 meters, thiab nyiam dua - tsis muaj qhov hnyav. Thiab yog tias tam sim no koj tau pom tag nrho cov pob ntoo, hlau thiab tib neeg, xav txog seb nws yuav tsum hnyav npaum li cas thiab qhov twg tuaj yeem txav mus los. Puas yog nws tsis yog los ntawm "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings" uas cov neeg sau keeb kwm kos cov haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev xav txog engineering? Tsis tas li ntawd, koj puas tau pom cov lus hais thaum kawg? Hais tias los ntawm qhov seem ntawm xws li ib tug pej thuam tsis tau ua ib yam dab tsi, tab sis yog ib tug ntawm xya qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Uas nkag mus rau cov npe saum toj no vim nws qhov siab "loj heev" - ntau npaum li 30 meters, uas yog, yuav luag ib feem peb qis dua qee yam ntawm cov pej thuam siege. Qhov ntawd yog li cas cov kws sau keeb kwm sau thiab tsis rov nyeem dua.

Thiab feem ntau, lawv tsuas yog spar rau qhov lawv tau kawm thiab tsis xav. Nws nyuaj rau xav. Qhov no tsis yog qhia hauv Oxford. Thiab peb tau yuav luag nres. Tab sis kuv tseem yuav tsis kam tso siab rau cov qib txawv teb chaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab nws cov kev qhia nyob ntawd. Lawv poob luv. Qhov muag tsis pom kev. Lawv tsis sib cav. Txawm nrog peb tus kheej. Ib tug phooj ywg uas paub thoob plaws hauv lub voj voog nqaim tau hais kom raug: nws yog "tus kws tshawb fawb" vim nws tau qhia, tab sis tsis yog vim nws tau qhia.

Tom qab ntawd kuv tig tawm. Kuv tuaj hla ib phau ntawv uas mob siab heev. Kuv yuav loj hlob tuaj. Contrary rau.