Brazilian GMO yoov tshaj cum ua haujlwm tsis raug thiab ua tsis tiav

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib lub tuam txhab British-American gene editing tuam txhab tso tawm ntau lab tus yoov tshaj cum hloov pauv uas muaj cov kab mob ua rau tuag taus los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob txhua lub lis piam rau 27 lub hlis hauv cheeb tsam Bahia ntawm Brazil.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev sim yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb cov yoov tshaj cum hloov pauv puas yuav ua phooj ywg nrog yoov tshaj cum hauv zos uas muaj tus kab mob Zika, malaria thiab lwm yam kab mob kis los ntawm cov kab no. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab tshaj plaws tau nthuav tawm qhov tseeb txaus ntshai: ob peb lub hlis tom qab thawj zaug poob qis hauv cov hom phiaj yoov tshaj cum, "cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab heev tau rov zoo yuav luag rau qib dhau los." Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev hloov pauv tshiab, ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm noob hloov kho.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb tshiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Nature Reports, genetic engineered yoov tshaj cum tsim los ntawm biotech tuam txhab Oxitec, tam sim no ib feem ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas tuam txhab Intrexon, tau tawm ntawm tib neeg kev tswj thaum lub sij hawm sim nyob rau hauv Brazil thiab tam sim no kis nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Ntawm daim ntawv, qhov kev xav tau zoo heev. Txiv neej kab mob khaub thuas yoov tshaj cum los ntawm Teb chaws Cuba thiab Mexico tau hloov pauv caj ces ua rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob. Oxitec tom qab ntawd tso tawm kaum tawm lab tus yoov tshaj cum kho tau ntau tshaj li ob xyoos hauv nroog Jacobina hauv cheeb tsam Bahia ntawm Brazil. Oxitec lub tswv yim yog tias cov yoov tshaj cum hloov pauv yuav ua phooj ywg nrog cov poj niam ntawm tib hom - muaj cov kab mob sib kis xws li dengue fever - thiab tua lawv hauv cov txheej txheem.

Qhov tshwm sim tsis tau xav txog …

Ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Yale University thiab ntau lub tsev kawm tshawb fawb hauv Brazil tau ua raws li qhov kev sim. Yam uas lawv tau pom yog kev ntxhov siab heev. Tom qab thawj theem ntawm kev sim, cov yoov tshaj cum tau poob qis, tab sis tom qab li ntawm 18 lub hlis nws rov zoo li qub. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsab xov xwm sau tseg tias qee cov yoov tshaj cum yuav muaj "hybrid vigor," uas yog, ib hom yoov tshaj cum uas muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces tsim "cov pejxeem muaj zog dua li nws ua ntej kev cuam tshuam." Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj tua kab ntau dua. Cias muab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim "super yoov tshaj cum."

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias "kev xaiv caj ces los ntawm cov neeg lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv 6, 12 thiab 27-30 lub hlis tom qab pib qhov kev sim ua pov thawj pom tseeb tias feem ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob transgenic tau suav nrog hauv cov pej xeem. Obviously, qhov tsis tshua muaj peev xwm hybrid cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob tso tawm los ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam thiab cov pej xeem hauv Jacobin yog qhov ruaj khov txaus kom muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua hauv cov xwm txheej … "Thiab ntxiv: "Yog li tam sim no, Jacobin yellow fever yoov tshaj cum yog ib qho sib xyaw. ntawm peb cov pejxeem. Nws tsis paub meej tias qhov no yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau kev sib kis lossis cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kev siv zog los tswj cov kab mob txaus ntshai no. " Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias 10% txog 60% ntawm yoov tshaj cum daj hauv Bayeux tam sim no nqa cov genome kho OX513A. Lawv xaus lus tias "peb pawg neeg uas tsim cov neeg trihybrid tam sim no hauv Jacobin (Cuba / Mexico / Brazil) yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov caj ces, thiab nws zoo li yog vim 'hybrid zog' cov neeg tshiab yuav muaj zog dua li yav dhau los. kev cuam tshuam.

Qhov no yuav tsum tsis muaj tshwm sim. Xib fwb ntawm ecology thiab evolutionary biology Jeffrey Powell, tus kws sau ntawv laus ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, tau hais cov lus xaus hauv qab no: "Nws tau xav tias cov noob los ntawm cov kab mob tso tawm yuav tsis mus rau hauv cov pej xeem, vim tias cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tuag. Nws pom tseeb tias ib yam dab tsi txawv kiag li tshwm sim, tab sis nws yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tau pom dua."

Gates Foundation Project

Txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Brazil tau ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hu xov tooj tawm tsam qhov kev tso tawm tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov tsiaj qus. Dab tsi tshwm sim yog nco txog zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai ntawm Michael Crichton's 1969 science ntawv tseeb tshiab The Andromeda Strain. Tsuas yog qhov no tsis yog qhov tshiab, tab sis kev muaj tiag.

Cov yoov tshaj cum Oxitec tau tsim los siv cov txheej txheem noob caj noob ces uas muaj kev sib cav heev hu ua "genetic drive." Tau txais nyiaj los ntawm DARPA kev faib tawm ntawm US Department of Defense, nrog rau cov noob hloov kho thev naus laus zis CRISPR, txoj kev no yog lub hom phiaj los xyuas kom meej tias kev hloov pauv caj ces kis thoob plaws hauv cov pej xeem hauv ob peb tiam, tsis yog yoov tshaj cum lossis muaj peev xwm tib neeg.

Harvard biologist Kevin Esvelt, tus kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug tau thov kev siv cov noob caj noob ces hauv kev kho cov noob caj noob ces, tau qhib siab ceeb toom tias kev txhim kho cov noob kho nrog ua ke nrog cov noob caj noob ces thev naus laus zis muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai thiab tuaj yeem ua rau yuam kev. Nws sau tseg ntau npaum li cas CRISPR nce qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv, ua rau txawm tias muaj kev phom sij tsis zoo ntawm caj ces cuam tshuam. Nws hais ntxiv tias: "Txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus kab mob hloov kho tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm ecosystem." Siv computer simulations, Esvelt xam tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim edited noob "tuaj yeem kis mus rau 99 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 10 tiam thiab pheej mus rau ntau tshaj 200 tiam," uas, qhov tseeb, ua pov thawj qhov kev sim nrog yoov tshaj cum hauv Brazil.

Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev sim ntawm Brazilian Oxite tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2018, Oxitec tshaj tawm kev koom tes nrog Gates Foundation "los tsim cov kab mob tshiab ntawm Tus Phooj Ywg ™ Mosquitoes, tswj tus kheej yoov tshaj cum, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yoov tshaj cum uas kis tus kabmob malaria nyob rau sab hnub poob Hemisphere." Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais hauv Brazil qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sim yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo, vim tias tus kab mob tshiab tau pom tias tsis yog kev tswj hwm tus kheej.

Lub Gates Foundation thiab Bill Gates tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm radical gene editing technology thiab genetic drive technology rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. Gates, tus neeg tawm tswv yim ntev ntawm eugenics, kev tswj hwm pej xeem, thiab GMOs, yog lub zog tsav tsheb tom qab kho cov noob. Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal ntawm New York Council on Foreign Relations, Gates zoo siab txais tos gene editing technologies thiab CRISPR nws tus kheej. Hauv tsab xov xwm, Gates tau sib cav tias CRISPR thiab lwm yam kev kho noob caj noob ces yuav tsum tau siv thoob ntiaj teb kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov zaub mov thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog malaria. Hauv nws tsab xov xwm, nws hais ntxiv tias: "Muaj laj thawj rau kev cia siab tias kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov yoov tshaj cum uas kis tus kab mob malaria yuav tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig, yog tias tag nrho."

Raws li kev txhawj xeeb vim qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm Brazilian kev sim los hloov cov yoov tshaj cum noob yog qhov tseeb tias cov thev naus laus zis tau siv los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koom haum ywj pheej tiag tiag nrog tsawg lossis tsis ua ntej kev noj qab haus huv lossis kev sim ib puag ncig. Txog niaj hnub no, tsoomfwv Meskas tsuas yog tso siab rau kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev lag luam. Lub EU, thaum tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tswj kev hloov kho cov kab mob raws li zoo ib yam li cov nroj tsuag GMO, tau tshaj tawm tias sim txo cov kev cai. Tuam Tshoj, yog lub chaw loj tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kho cov noob caj noob ces, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tswj tsis muaj zog hauv cheeb tsam no. Tsis ntev los no, ib tug kws tshawb fawb Suav tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev sim los kho tib neeg cov noob caj noob ces, xav tias yuav ua rau cov menyuam mos yug tshiab tiv taus HIV. Lwm qhov kev sim tau nthuav tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb nrog cov tsiaj hloov pauv thiab txawm tias ntses salmon. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ceev faj tau muab pov tseg tag nrho thaum nws los txog rau lub kiv puag ncig tom ntej hauv kev hloov kho noob. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis tu siab.

Oxitec, uas tsis lees paub cov txiaj ntsig hauv Brazil qhia tsis ua haujlwm, tam sim no tab tom nrhiav kev pom zoo los ntawm US EPA los ua qhov kev sim zoo sib xws nrog tib hom kev hloov kho caj ces hauv Texas thiab Florida. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv qhov kev sim, Texan Roy Bailey, yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas hauv Washington thiab tus phooj ywg ze ntawm Randal Kirk, billionaire thiab CEO ntawm Intrexon, tus tswv ntawm Oxitec. Bailey tseem yog tus tseem ceeb Trump nrhiav nyiaj txiag. Txawm li cas los xij, cia siab tias nws yog ib qho kev xav, tsis yog kev nom kev tswv, uas yuav txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm rooj plaub.