Cov hauv paus hniav thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov duab puab ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ua ntej Peter kuv, secular sculpture xyaum tsis muaj nyob rau hauv Russia.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm secular duab puab nyob rau hauv Russia

Sculptural monuments muaj nyob rau hauv Russia ntev ua ntej tus hloov kho Tsar Peter kuv, tab sis lawv tag nrho cov muaj feem xyuam rau kev cai dab qhuas kos duab. Cov no yog cov piv txwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov duab ntoo ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov facades ntawm pawg ntseeg. Thiab secular sculpture tuaj yeem raug hu ua tib lub hnub nyoog li St. Petersburg, vim hais tias thaum Peter pib tsim lub nroog tshiab, nws xav tau nws los ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog Northern, los kho lub palaces, vaj tse thiab txawm tias lub nkoj.

Nws caw cov tswv txawv teb chaws uas tau paub zoo hauv kev kos duab sculpting, thiab ntawm lawv - Carlo Rastrelli, Andreas Schlüter, Konrad Osner thiab Nicola Pino. Peter kuv yuav qee cov duab puab rau Venice ntawm North. Piv txwv li, cov pej thuam tau yuav hauv Ltalis los kho lub Caij Ntuj Sov Lub Vaj.

Thawj tus sculptors Lavxias teb sab

Lub hnub yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab sculptures yog txuam nrog lub founding nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm lub Academy ntawm peb feem ntau txawv arts, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim uas hnub rov qab mus rau lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm Peter, tab sis twb nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm nws tus ntxhais Elizaveta Petrovna nyob rau hauv. 1757 ib. Thawj thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov, ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau enlightened neeg ntawm nws lub sij hawm, patron, phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov.

Ivan Shuvalov kuj yog tus tsim thiab saib xyuas ntawm Moscow University, qhov twg nyob rau hauv 1758 kaum rau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas txawj ntse tshaj plaws tau raug xaiv rau kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv lub "noble arts" thiab coj mus rau St. 'cov me nyuam."

Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab faib ua painting, duab puab, architecture thiab engraving chav kawm. Lub pedagogical system yog nruj me ntsis tswj thiab, raws li zoo raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm classicism, tsom mus rau txoj kev tshawb no thiab muaj tswv yim rethinking ntawm ancient aesthetic cai.

Cov hauv paus hniav thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov duab puab ntawm Russia

Cov kws ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws tau qhia hauv academy. Sculptural chav kawm nyob rau hauv 1758-1778 coj los ntawm Nicolas François Gillet (1712-1791) - ib tug nto moo Fabkis sculptor, tus tswv ntawm portrait thiab zoo nkauj yas. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws pedagogical txuj ci tau tshwm sim - yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab sculptors ntawm lub sij hawm yog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Fedot Shubin tau los ua thawj tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis tus tswv. Tus tub ntawm Pomor cov neeg pluag, nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev (xws li nyob rau hauv lub literal siab) rov qab txoj kev ntawm nws tus poj niam lub teb chaws Mikhail Lomonosov, nyob rau hauv uas nws patronage nws mus rau lub Academy of Arts. Nws, nrog rau Theodosius Shchedrin, Mikhail Kozlovsky, Fedor Gordeev thiab Ivan Prokofiev yog thawj "Shuvalov" tiam ntawm Academy cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Lavxias teb sab sculpture yog undoubtedly cuam tshuam feem ntau ntawm cov kos duab ntawm ltalis thiab Fabkis. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog rau cov tebchaws no uas cov neeg kawm tiav uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau lawv txoj haujlwm tiav tau raug xa mus rau kev so haujlwm.

Daim ntawv - antique, cov ntsiab lus - Lavxias teb sab

Yuav kom tau txais lub Cim Loj Loj, ib tug sculptor nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th yuav tsum tau kos ib tug bas-relief ntawm ib zajlus los ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm kom glorify lub fatherland. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau nkauj Alexander Sumarokov tau sau txog qhov yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog "keeb kwm ntawm nws lub tebchaws thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg zoo hauv nws."

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1772, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug nyem nyob rau hauv cov zajlus "Izyaslav Mstislavovich xav tua nws cov tub rog uas nws hlub tsis paub", hais txog yuav ua li cas Izyaslav Mstislavovich, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh, ua tsov ua rog heev heev, yuav luag tua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov tub rog. kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm nws tus kheej cov tub rog uas tsis paub txog nws.

Theodosius Shchedrin tau txais ib qho khoom plig loj loj.

Mikhail Kozlovsky, uas twb tau sib tw nrog Shchedrin nyob rau hauv 1771 nyob rau hauv kev sib tw ntawm lub ntsiab "Kev Cai raus dej ntawm Vladimir", tau txais ib tug me me medal puav pheej.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho Lavxias teb sab kos duab thiab txuas ntxiv cov lus kos duab, Alexander Matveev tau sib zog ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov yas ua cov txheej txheem classical thiab nruj constructiveness nrog clarity thiab laconicism. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws ntau xyoo ntawm kev qhia ua haujlwm yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Leningrad tsev kawm ntawv".