Tsob ntoo Christmas tuaj qhov twg?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua koob tsheej Xyoo Tshiab nrog tsob ntoo Christmas tau dhau los ua rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub uas yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg nug cov lus nug txog tsob ntoo tuaj qhov twg, dab tsi nws lub cim yog vim li cas tsob ntoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Christmas thiab Xyoo Tshiab.

Thaum twg tsob ntoo tshwm nrog peb thiab qhov twg nws tuaj, thiab peb yuav sim ua kom paub txog hauv kab lus no.

Nyob rau hauv 1906, philosopher Vasily Rozanov sau:

“Ntau xyoo dhau los kuv xav tsis thoob thaum kawm tias cov kev cai ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas tsis yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm Russianskev cai. Yolka tam sim no yog li ntawd ruaj khov nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg uas nws yuav tsis tshwm sim rau leej twg nws tsis yog Russian "

Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua koob tsheej Xyoo Tshiab nrog tsob ntoo Christmas tau coj mus rau Russia los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm Peter I cuav xyoo 1699:

"… tam sim no los ntawm Tswv Yexus yug los rau xyoo 1699, thiab yav tom ntej Genvara nyob rau 1st hnub yuav los rau xyoo tshiab 1700 thiab hnub tseem ceeb tshiab, thiab rau lub hom phiaj zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, Tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv tau taw qhia tam sim no mus. suav nyob rau hauv Orders sau cov ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm lub ib hlis ntuj 1 los ntawm lub 1st ntawm lub Nativity ntawm Tswv Yexus nyob rau hauv 1700. Thiab raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm qhov pib zoo thiab tshiab peev nyob rau hauv lub reigning nroog Moscow, tom qab ntawd ua tsaug rau Vajtswv thiab kev thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab leej twg yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj thiab paub rau cov neeg thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm txhob txwm rau sab ntsuj plig thiab secular rites, ua ntej lub rooj vag, ua ib co decorations los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov ntoo ntawm ntoo thuv, spruce thiab juniper ntoo tawm tsam cov qauv, uas tau muab rau ntawm Gostin dvor thiab ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj qis, lossis rau leej twg, raws li qhov yooj yim, thiab saib ntawm lub rooj vag yog ua tau; thiab cov neeg pluag, txhua tus, txawm hais tias raws li tsob ntoo, lossis tig. mus rau hauv lub rooj vag, los yog muab tso rau nws lub tuam tsev; thiab ces nws yog lub sij hawm, tam sim no Hnub Genvara nyob rau hnub 1 ntawm lub xyoo no, thiab kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Genvare sawv rau hnub 7 ntawm xyoo 1700 …"

Nyeem kuj: 20 qhov tseeb tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev pom zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Peter I thaum Lub Tuam Txhab Loj

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai ntawm Emperor Peter tsuas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tsob ntoo Christmas yav tom ntej: thawj zaug, lub nroog tau dai kom zoo nkauj tsis yog nrog spruce xwb, tab sis kuj nrog lwm cov conifers; Qhov thib ob, tsab cai lij choj pom zoo kom siv tag nrho cov ntoo thiab cov ceg ntoo, thiab, thaum kawg, qhov thib peb, ntoo thuv koob kho kom zoo nkauj tau raug sau tseg tsis yog sab hauv tsev, tab sis sab nraud - ntawm rooj vag, ru tsev ntawm taverns, txoj kev thiab txoj kev. Los ntawm qhov no, tsob ntoo tau hloov mus rau hauv qhov nthuav dav ntawm Xyoo Tshiab lub nroog, thiab tsis yog Christmas sab hauv, uas nws tau dhau los ua ntau tom qab.

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub hwj chim txoj cai ua tim khawv rau peb hais tias rau Peter, nyob rau hauv cov kev cai nws qhia, uas nws tau ntsib thaum lub sij hawm nws mus txawv tebchaws nyob sab Europe, ob qho tib si zoo nkauj yog ib qho tseem ceeb - lub tsev thiab txoj kev raug yuam kom dai kom zoo nkauj nrog koob, thiab cim - decorations los ntawm evergreen koob. yuav tsum tau tsim los ua kev nco txog kev ua koob tsheej Xyoo Tshiab.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas Petus txoj cai ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1699 yuav luag cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwbnyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab tus neeg dag tuag lawm, lawv tau tso tseg cov ntoo Christmas. Tsuas yog cov tswv ntawm taverns dai lawv lub tsev nrog lawv, thiab cov ntoo no sawv ntawm taverns txhua xyoo puag ncig - yog li lawv lub npe - "".

Tus huab tais cov lus qhia tau khaws cia tsuas yog hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov chaw haus dej haus, uas, ua ntej Xyoo Tshiab, txuas ntxiv mus dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo Christmas. Los ntawm cov ntoo, uas tau khi rau hauv ceg txheem ntseeg, ntsia rau ntawm lub ru tsev lossis daig ntawm lub rooj vag, taverns tau txheeb xyuas. Cov ntoo sawv ntawm qhov ntawd mus txog rau xyoo tom ntej, nyob rau hnub ua ntej uas cov qub tau hloov nrog cov tshiab. Qhov tshwm sim los ntawm Peter txoj cai, qhov kev cai no tau khaws cia thoob plaws hauv 18th thiab 19th centuries.

Pushkin hais nyob rau hauv "Keeb kwm ntawm lub zos ntawm Goryukhin". Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tau paub zoo thiab tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qee lub sijhawm hauv ntau yam haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Qee zaum, tsis yog tsob ntoo Christmas, ntoo thuv tau muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm taverns:

Thiab nyob rau hauv cov paj huam los ntawm N. P. Kilberg nyob rau hauv 1872 "Yolka" tus cob qhia yog ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb tias tus tswv tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov chaw haus dej hauv nws vim yog tsob ntoo hammered ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab:

Yog li ntawd, cov taverns tau nrov npe hu ua "Yolki" lossis "Ivans-Yolkin": ""; ""; "". Tsis ntev, tag nrho cov tswv yim "cawv" maj mam tau "Christmas ntoo" doublets: "" - haus, "" los yog "" - mus rau ib tug tavern, "" - mus nyob rau hauv ib tug tavern; "" - lub xeev ntawm cawv intoxication, thiab lwm yam.

Puas yog nws yog lub sijhawm uas Peter I cuav, los ntawm nws txoj cai, qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm veneration ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Muscovy ib tsob ntoo uas tau dhau los ua. ib lub cim ntawm cov chaw haus cawv, thiab nyob rau hauv pej xeem kev lig kev cai raug suav hais tias ib tsob ntoo ntawm kev tuag?

Lawm, ntawm cov neeg, cov kev cai ntawm decorating ib tsob ntoo Christmas coj hauv paus nrog nyuaj, txij li thaum spruce tau raug suav hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia txij thaum ancient sij hawm. tsob ntoo tuag: Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas mus txog niaj hnub no nws yog kev cai rau kev taug kev nrog spruce ceg raws li lub ntees tuag mus, thiab nws tsis yog kev cai cog ntoo ze ntawm tsev. Thiab dab tsi ntshai ib qho kev mus rau lub hav zoov spruce evokes, qhov twg nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig koj tuaj yeem tau yooj yim ploj mus, txij li lub spruce hla lub hnub ci tsis zoo hauv hav zoov spruce, yog li nws yog qhov tsaus ntuj thiab txaus ntshai los ntawm qhov no. Kuj tseem muaj kev cai: faus cov neeg uas tau strangled thiab, feem ntau, tua tus kheej ntawm ob tsob ntoo, tig lawv. Nws yog txwv tsis pub ua tsev los ntawm spruce, thiab los ntawm aspen. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kab tshoob nkauj, lub spruce yog txuam nrog lub ntsiab ntawm kev tuag, qhov twg nws symbolized ib tug menyuam ntsuag nkauj nyab.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ntawm cov Slavic-Aryans, tsob ntoo yog lub cim ntawm kev tuag, uas yog txuam nrog rau "lwm lub ntiaj teb", kev hloov mus rau nws thiab ib tug tsim nyog lub caij ntawm lub ntees tuag ritual. Txij li thaum peb cov poj koob yawm txwv hlawv lawv tuag, i.e. xa lawv mus rau lub genus, ces spruce, zoo li ib tsob ntoo resinous uas kub hnyiab tau zoo nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, thiab siv rau hauv qoob loo. Tus tub huabtais Slavic tuag los yog tus ntxhais huabtais tau npog nrog cov ceg ntoo ntawm spruce thiab cones, thaum kawg ntawm lub ntees tuag thov Vajtswv ntawm Magi, thaum cereals tau da dej ntawm oats, rye thiab ntau lub suab quaj, lawv tau tua hluav taws rau ib qho kev quaj ntsuag los yog. kroda ua. Ib tug nplaim taws kub hnyiab mus rau saum ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub xyoo pua 18th, tsis muaj qhov twg, tshwj tsis yog rau cov chaw haus dej haus, spruce tsis tshwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshiab los yog Yuletide décor: nws cov duab yog tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshiab foob pob hluav taws thiab illuminations; nws tsis hais thaum piav txog Christmas masquerades ntawm lub tsev hais plaub; thiab, tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj ntawm pej xeem Christmas ua si. Nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg hais txog Xyoo Tshiab thiab Yuletide festivities muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm no ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, yeej tsis qhia tias muaj spruce nyob rau hauv chav tsev.

Cov neeg ntawm Ancient Russia tsis pom dab tsi poetic nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm noj. Loj hlob feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej thiab swampy, tsob ntoo no nrog tsaus ntsuab pos koob, tsis kaj siab rau qhov kov, ntxhib thiab feem ntau damp lub cev, tsis nyiam kev hlub ntau. Spruce tau piav qhia yam tsis muaj kev khuv leej, zoo li lwm yam conifers, ob qho tib si hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv, mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv xwb. F. I. Tyutchev sau nyob rau hauv 1830:

Cov ntoo spruce evoked gloomy koom haum ntawm cov kws sau paj lug thiab prose sau ntawm tig ntawm lub 19th thiab 20th centuries A. N. Budishchev:

Thiab Joseph Brodsky, qhia nws txoj kev xav los ntawm sab qaum teb toj roob hauv pes (qhov chaw ntawm nws exile yog lub zos Koreansky), sau tseg:

–

Lub mortal symbolism ntawm lub sprucetau kawm thiab tau nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm Soviet … Lub spruce tau dhau los ua tus yam ntxwv nthuav dav ntawm cov chaw faus neeg, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov - Lenin lub tsev loj cuj, ze rau cov nyiaj Norwegian spruces tau cog:

Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj mov kuj tau tshwm sim hauv cov lus paj huam, cov lus hais, cov lus hais: "" - nws nyuaj rau mob; "" - tuag; "", "" - hleb; "" - tuag, thiab lwm yam. Lub suab hu ua provoked lub convergence ntawm lo lus "ntoo" nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus phem, uas kuj cuam tshuam rau peb kev xaav ntawm tsob ntoo no. Cov yam ntxwv thiab "Christmas ntoo" euphemisms, dav siv niaj hnub no: "", "", thiab lwm yam.

Kev txhawb siab ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas tsuas yog pib hauv nruab nrab-19th caug xyoo … Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj tsob ntoo Christmas hauv St. Petersburg tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov neeg German uas nyob ntawd. Cov neeg hauv nroog nyiam qhov kev cai no heev uas lawv tau pib teeb Christmas ntoo hauv lawv lub tsev. Los ntawm lub peev ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, qhov kev lig kev cai no pib mus thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Tsis yog Pushkin, los yog Lermontov, thiab lawv cov neeg kawm tsis tau hais txog tsob ntoo Christmas, thaum Christmastide, Christmas masquerades thiab cov khoom hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tau piav qhia tas li nyob rau lub sijhawm no: Christmas divination tau muab rau hauv Zhukovsky's ballad "" (1812), Christmastide hauv Tus tswv tsev tau piav qhia los ntawm Pushkin hauv Tshooj V "" (1825), Christmas Eve qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Pushkin's paj huam "" (1828) tshwm sim, ua yeeb yam ntawm Lermontov "" (1835) yog sijhawm rau Christmas Eve: "".

Thawj qhov hais txog tsob ntootshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Northern Bee" nyob rau hauv 1840: cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm ntawm "" ntoo muag. Ib xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv tib tsab, ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm fashionable kev cai tshwm:

Hauv thawj kaum xyoo, cov neeg nyob hauv Petersburg tseem pom tias tsob ntoo Christmas yog ib qho kev cai German tshwj xeeb. A. V. Tereshchenko, tus sau ntawm xya-ntim monograph "Lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg" (1848), sau:

Lub detachment uas cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub hnub so yog muab rau lawv ua tim khawv rau lub novelty ntawm no kev cai rau cov neeg Lavxias teb sab:

S. Auslander zaj dab neeg "Christmastide in Old Petersburg" (1912) qhia tias thawj tsob ntoo Christmas hauv Russiatau npaj los ntawm lub sovereign Nicholas Ihauv heev nyob rau hauv lub lig 1830s, tom qab ntawd, ua raws li cov qauv ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, lawv tau pib nruab rau hauv lub tsev noble ntawm lub peev:

Los los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tsob ntoo nrog thaum ntxov 1840s pib assimilated los ntawm cov tsev neeg ntawm Russia ntawm lub peev. Nyob rau hauv 1842, Zvezdochka magazine rau cov me nyuam, uas tau luam tawm los ntawm cov me nyuam tus kws sau ntawv thiab txhais lus A. O. Ishimova, qhia rau nws nyeem:

TO nruab nrab xyoo pua 19th German kev cai tau dhau los ua ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab peev. Tsob ntoo Christmas tau dhau los ua ntau heev rau cov neeg nyob hauv St. Nyob rau hauv 1847, N. A. Nekrasov hais txog nws raws li ib yam dab tsi paub thiab to taub rau txhua leej txhua tus:

V. Iofe, tshawb txog "" ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub kaum cuaj thiab nees nkaum centuries, sau tseg thaum pib. los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nce qhov nrov ntawm spruce, thaj txuas nrog lub fact tias lub spruce nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab yog nrees txuas nrog lub cim zoo ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas:

Thiab twb tau ua ntej kev hloov pauv menyuam yaus cov ntaub ntawv muaj tag nrho cov dab neeg hais txog cov menyuam yaus txoj kev xyiv fab los ntawm kev sib ntsib nrog tsob ntoo Christmas. K. Lukashevich sau txog nws "Kuv tus me nyuam ntxim hlub", M. Tolmacheva "Yuav ua li cas Tasya nyob", nun Varvara "Christmas yog ib tug golden thaum yau", A. Fedorov-Davydov "Xwb ib tsob ntoo Christmas" thiab ntau lwm tus.

Nws yog qhov tseeb funny, tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg tau dhau los ua tus neeg sib tw loj ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas, raws li cov neeg txawv teb chaws thiab, ntxiv rau, Vedic hauv nws cov keeb kwm kev cai. Txog thaum xyoo 1917 kiv puag ncig, Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv tau tshaj tawm txoj cai txwv tsis pub muaj cov ntoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab gymnasiums.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tsob ntoo Christmas tau dhau los ua ib qho tshwm sim hauv Russia. Tom qab xyoo 1917, cov ntoo tau khaws cia rau ntau xyoo: cia peb nco qab cov duab "Christmas ntoo hauv Sokolniki", "Christmas ntoo hauv Gorki". Tab sis xyoo 1925, kev npaj tawm tsam kev ntseeg thiab Orthodox hnub so pib, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg. Abolition ntawm Christmas nyob rau hauv 1929 … Hnub Christmas tau dhau los ua hnub ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Nrog rau Christmas, tsob ntoo kuj raug muab tso tseg, twb khov kho nrog nws. Ntoo Christmas, uas lub Koom Txoos Orthodox ib zaug tawm tsam, tam sim no tau pib hu ua "tus pov thawj" kev cai. Thiab tom qab ntawd tsob ntoo "mus rau hauv av": lawv tsis pub leej twg coj nws mus rau Christmas, kaw lub qhov rais kom nruj.

Qhov xwm txheej hloov tom qab JV Stalin tau hais cov lus: "". Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1935, tsob ntoo tsis tau hloov kho ntau npaum li hloov mus rau hnub so tshiab, uas tau txais cov lus yooj yim thiab meej: "". Kev npaj cov ntoo Christmas rau cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov chaw lag luam ua yuav tsum tau … Kev sib txuas ntawm tsob ntoo nrog Christmas tau raug xa mus rau oblivion. Tsob ntoo Christmas tau dhau los ua tus cwj pwm ntawm lub teb chaws hnub so ntawm Xyoo Tshiab. Yim taw lub hnub qub - Slavic-Aryan kos npe rau ntawm lub hnub, uas cov ntseeg hu ua lub hnub qub ntawm Bethlehem, nyob rau saum toj "" tam sim no tau hloov. tsib taw lub hnub qub, zoo ib yam li ntawm Kremlin yees.

Xyoo 1954, tsob ntoo Christmas tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws, Kremlin, tau teeb rau thawj zaug, uas ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab txhua xyoo tshiab.

Tom qab xyoo 1935, cov khoom ua si qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam hauv USSR. Lub npe nrov Soviet magazine Vokrug Sveta, nrov hauv xyoo ntawd, piav qhia:

Christmas tseem raug txwv mus txog rau xyoo 1989. Xws li yog zaj dab neeg nyuaj ntawm tsob ntoo Xyoo Tshiab hauv Russia.

Hnub so Christmas tsob ntoo pib qhov twg?

Nws hloov tawm tias ntau haiv neeg Europeanized Slavic-Aryan thaum lub caij Christmas tau siv ntev Christmas los yog lub sijhawm Christmas log, ib daim ntoo loj, los yog ncej, uas tau teeb rau ntawm lub plawv thawj hnub ntawm Christmas thiab maj mam hlawv tawm thaum lub sijhawm kaum ob hnub ntawm hnub so. Raws li kev ntseeg nrov, khaws ib daig ntoo Christmas ua tib zoo thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm hluav taws thiab xob laim, ua rau tsev neeg muaj ntau cov nplej, thiab pab cov nyuj yug me nyuam tau yooj yim. Raws li Christmas log, stumps ntawm spruce thiab beech trunks tau siv. Ntawm cov Slavs yav qab teb, qhov no yog hu ua badnyak, rau Scandinavians - juldlock, rau Fabkis - le buche de Noël (Christmas block, uas, qhov tseeb, yog tias koj nyeem cov lus no hauv Lavxias, peb tau txais bukh - Lavxias teb sab pob tw - sab nraub qaum ntawm tus ax-axes, muaj ib qho thaiv lossis cav; thiab tab sis-ate zoo li Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov lus - tsob ntoo Norwegian lossis tsob ntoo Xyoo Tshiab, lossis qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug ntaus ntoo hmo ntuj).

Keeb kwm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm spruce rau hauv tsob ntoo Christmas tseem tsis tau raug kho dua tshiab. Muaj tseeb peb tsuas paub tias nws tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw Lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov twg spruce thaum lub sij hawm Vedic kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog revered thiab tau txheeb xyuas nrog lub ntiaj teb tsob ntoo: "". Nws nyob ntawm no, ntawm cov Slavs thaum ub, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Germans, uas nws thawj zaug tau los ua Xyoo Tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd - Christmas tsob ntoo cim. Ntawm cov neeg German, tau ntev tau ib txoj kev cai mus rau tom hav zoov ntawm Xyoo Tshiab, qhov twg tsob ntoo spruce xaiv rau lub luag hauj lwm ritual tau teeb nrog tswm ciab thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim rags, tom qab ntawd cov rituals sib thooj tau ua nyob ze lossis ib ncig ntawm nws.. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov ntoo spruce raug txiav thiab coj mus rau hauv tsev, qhov chaw lawv tau teem rau ntawm lub rooj. Teeb taws tswm ciab tau txuas rau tsob ntoo, txiv apples thiab cov khoom qab zib tau dai rau ntawm nws. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm spruce ua lub cim ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tau yooj yim los ntawm nws cov ntawv ntsuab ntsuab, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv nws thaum lub caij ntuj no festive lub caij, uas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev-paub kev cai ntawm decorating tsev nrog evergreens.

Tom qab kev cai raus dej thiab romanization ntawm Slavic haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees niaj hnub no, cov kev lis kev cai thiab rituals txuam nrog cov veneration ntawm noj mov pib maj mam txais ib tug ntseeg lub ntsiab lus, thiab lawv pib siv nws li. tsob ntoo Christmas, txhim kho hauv tsev tsis nyob rau Xyoo Tshiab, tab sis nyob rau Christmas Eve, i.e. ua ntej Christmas ntawm lub hnub (Vajtswv), Kaum Ob Hlis 24, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau txais lub npe ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas - Weihnachtsbaum (- ib lo lus nthuav, uas, yog tias nyeem hauv ntu thiab hauv Lavxias, zoo ib yam li cov hauv qab no - hmo ntuj log, qhov twg yog peb ntxiv "s" rau Weih, ces peb tau txais lo lus Lavxias dawb huv los yog teeb). Txij thaum ntawd los, nyob rau Christmas Eve (Weihnachtsabend), lub festive mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees pib tsim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Christmas carols, tab sis kuj los ntawm ib tsob ntoo nrog tswm ciab hlawv rau nws.

Christmas tsob ntoo nrog tswm ciab thiab decorations ua ntej hais nyob rau hauv 1737 xyoo. Tsib caug xyoo tom qab, muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug baroness uas hais tias nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev German.

Hauv Fab Kis, txoj kev cai txuas ntxiv mus ntev hlawv ib tug christmas cav nyob rau Christmas eve (le buche de Noël), thiab tsob ntoo tau kawm qeeb dua thiab tsis yooj yim li nyob rau sab qaum teb lub tebchaws.

Hauv zaj dab neeg-stylization ntawm tus kws sau ntawv-tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw MA Struve "Parisian Letter", uas piav txog "thawj Parisian impressions" ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias teb sab uas ua kev zoo siab Christmas xyoo 1868 hauv Paris, nws tau hais tias:

Charles Dickens, hauv nws tsab ntawv sau xyoo 1830 "Christmas Dinner", piav txog Askiv Christmas, tseem tsis tau hais txog tsob ntoo, tab sis sau txog cov kab lus Askiv ib txwm siv mistletoe, nyob rau hauv uas cov tub hluas feem ntau hnia lawv cov kwv tij, thiab ceg ntoo, flaunting nyob rau sab saum toj. loj pudding… Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau "Christmas Tree", sau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1850s, tus kws sau ntawv twb zoo siab tos txais cov kev cai tshiab:

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob teb chaws Europe pib nquag txais cov kev lig kev cai ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas nkaus xwb los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Lub spruce maj mam dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg hnub so, txawm hais tias lub cim xeeb ntawm nws cov keeb kwm German txuas ntxiv mus ntau xyoo.

Alexander Novak