Dab tsi cov neeg noj nyob rau hauv ancient Rome

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab kos duab, peb paub ntau heev txog cov zaub mov ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub. Txog rau cov zaub mov txawv.

Yooj yim Roman zaub mov

Kev ua noj ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tau kawg, sib txawv, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv sib xws. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov inhabitants ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov txheeb ze monotony ntawm cov khoom noj. Nyob rau hauv Mediterranean, tsis muaj cov khoom uas niaj hnub no zoo li qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws: tsis muaj qos yaj ywm, txiv lws suav, mov, eggplants, bananas, pineapples, sunflower roj, pob kws, kua txob qab zib (txawm hais tias lawv yog hu ua "Bulgarian", tab sis kuj coj los ntawm America.), txiv kab ntxwv thiab tangerines, txiv qaub (tsuas yog citron paub los ntawm citrus feem ntau) thiab ntau ntxiv.

Tab sis cucumbers, zucchini, zaub qhwv, turnips, taub dag, dos, txiv ntseej, zaub xam lav thiab rutabagas tau loj hlob. Los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries - txiv apples, pears, figs, pomegranates, quince, txiv duaj, plums thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Legumes kuj yog khoom noj khoom haus: peas, lentils thiab taum. Cov zaub mov no, raws li qhov zoo thiab ib txwm muaj cov protein, pub rau cov neeg Loos thiab cov qhev thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Qej thiab dos, uas ib txwm muaj ntau, feem ntau tau ntxiv rau taum stew.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1st. BC e. Marcus Terentius Varro tau sau tias: "Qhov ua tsis taus pa ntawm peb yawg thiab yawm txiv tau hnov cov qij thiab dos, tab sis lawv lub siab yog lub siab tawv thiab lub zog."

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus yog cereals thiab lawv cov derivatives - porridge thiab qhob cij. Porridge (feem ntau yog spelled thiab millet) Roman cov neeg sau ntawv nyiam ua noj ib nrab hnub, uas tau ua raws li cov poj koob yawm txwv uas ua rau Rome zoo. Valery Maxim nyob rau hauv lub 1st c. n. e. qhuas "qhov yooj yim ntawm cov zaub mov tau pom los ntawm cov neeg qub." Thiab mus txog rau xyoo pua 3rd. BC BC, thaum muaj kev vam meej kev lag luam tiag tiag ntawm cov tebchaws tuaj, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Loos (thiab txawm tias cov nom tswv) tau noj tsawg.

Ovid (1st century BC - 1st century AD) piav nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov hauj lwm noj hmo muab rau nws cov qhua los ntawm cov cim Philemon thiab Bavkid, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ancient sij hawm: me ntsis khaws cov nqaij npuas, zaub los ntawm lub vaj (radish thiab zaub xam lav.), mis nyuj, qe, ceev thiab berries, plums thiab grapes. Cov qhua kuj tau muab zib ntab, cawv txiv hmab thiab "kev tos txais qhua". Heev ib lub rooj rau ib tug pluag ob peb.

Simil, tus phab ej ntawm lwm tus kws sau paj huam (Virgil), kuj tsis yog ib tug muaj koob meej - plowman ntawm ib tug me me teb. Tus kws sau paj lug piav txog nws cov pluas tshais: Simil "nrog kev nyuaj rau rub lub cev los ntawm lub txaj tsis zoo …" thiab mus rau lub pantry, qhov chaw uas nws siv cov nplej thiab zom nws tus kheej. Tom qab ua hmoov nplej, nws ntxiv dej, kneads lub khob noom cookie thiab ci qhob cij yooj yim. Thiab rau khob cij, feem ntau koj xav tau lwm yam. Tab sis "ze ntawm lub hearth nws tsis tau dai ntawm hooks rau nqaij / Ham los yog carcass ntawm ib tug npua smoked nrog ntsev: / Tsuas yog ib lub voj voog ntawm cheese, pierced nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nrog ib tug reed, / Tau dai rau lawv thiab ib pawg ntawm qhuav. dill."

Nws tshwm sim thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab twb muaj ib co greenery nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Simil coj qej, celery, rue thiab coriander. Nws pounded tag nrho cov no nyob rau hauv ib lub mortar nrog ntsev thiab cheese, ntxiv txiv roj roj thiab ib me ntsis ntawm vinegar. "Tom qab ob tug ntiv tes, mus ncig tag nrho cov mortar raws cov phab ntsa, / Nws sau cov concoction thiab sculpts ib pob los ntawm cov mash: / Thaum ua tiav, nws yog rightly hu ua "pounded". Simil noj tag nrho cov no ua ke nrog mov ci - qhov no yog cov neeg pluag noj tshais thaum pib ntawm lub caij ua haujlwm.

Ntawm no nws tsim nyog ua kom paub meej txog cov cheese thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj feem ntau thiab txog qhob cij. Ntxiv nrog rau cov nplej thiab zaub, cov neeg Loos cov khoom noj muaj mis nyuj (feem ntau yaj thiab tshis), cheese thiab tsev cheese. Lub khob cij tau ci feem ntau cov nplej thiab barley (tsis muaj roj thiab cov poov xab), thiab qee zaum sau, ua, raws li Pliny sau, nrog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Tab sis cov pej xeem tsis muaj nqaij ntau, tab sis txhua tus paub nqaij npuas, nqaij qaib, geese, noog qus (blackbirds, pigeons, thiab lwm yam) thiab ntses. Cov neeg sau ntawv Ancient tau tso peb ntau cov zaub mov txawv rau kev ua noj cov nqaij sib txawv. Dab tsi ntxiv koom ua ke tag nrho cov neeg Loos? Ntawm chav kawm, wine yog ib qho pheej yig thiab noj qab haus huv haus. Nws yog qaug dej qaug cawv los ntawm txhua ntu ntawm cov pejxeem, raws li txoj cai, muaj zog diluted nrog dej thiab feem ntau sweetened nrog zib mu. Lawv haus npias tsawg zaus.

Patrician rooj

Los ntawm 3rd c. BC e. Cov neeg nplua nuj Loos tsis txwv lawv tus kheej kom yooj yim porridge thiab qhob cij, tab sis ntau thiab ntau nrhiav kom saj cov tais diav qab. Txawm hais tias koj tsis nco qab cov huab tais, uas, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zoo nkauj, tej zaum yuav tau thov kom ntxiv pearls rau kab txawv nplej, cov zaub mov ntawm cov nom tswv yog ntau thiab ntau amazing.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman thaum ntxov, tus philosopher Seneca tawm tsam tag nrho cov ntau dhau: "Koj puas xav tias cov nceb, cov tshuaj lom qab qab no, tsis ua lawv txoj hauj lwm ntawm sly, txawm tias lawv tsis ua mob tam sim ntawd? […] Koj puas xav tias cov pliable pulp ntawm cov oysters, noj nyob rau hauv cov av, tsis tawm ib tug hnyav sediment nyob rau hauv lub plab? Koj puas xav tias cov seasoning, cov ntshav muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov ntses rot, tsis hlawv nrog cov qab ntsev ntawm peb sab hauv? Koj puas xav tias cov festering pieces uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub qhov ncauj ncaj qha los ntawm hluav taws txias rau hauv peb lub tsev menyuam tsis muaj kev phom sij?

Cas phem phem ua luaj li os! Peb tus kheej qias neeg npaum li cas thaum peb nqus cov pa cawv! Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias dab tsi noj tsis zom hauv, tab sis rots! Kuv nco qab tias ib zaug lawv tau tham ntau txog ib qho khoom noj uas zoo tshaj plaws uas peb cov neeg nyiam noj, maj nrawm mus rau lawv tus kheej kev puas tsuaj, sib tov txhua yam uas lawv feem ntau siv rau ib hnub: cov khoom noj tau zoo ntawm venereal thiab spiny shells thiab oysters tau sib cais los ntawm hiav txwv urchins nteg ntawm. lawv, los ntawm saum toj no muaj ib txheej ntawm hwj txwv liab (kwv yees. - ntses) […]. Laziness twb noj txhua yam sib cais - thiab tam sim no dab tsi yuav tsum tawm hauv lub plab tag yog muab rau ntawm lub rooj. Txhua yam uas ploj lawm yog tias txhua yam raug coj los zom lawm! […] Tiag tiag, cov zaub mov sib xyaw hauv ntu ntu! Thiab cov tais diav no nyuaj npaum li cas, sib txawv, ntau yam zoo li thiab tsis nkag siab cov kab mob tau tsim los ntawm lawv … ".

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam luxurious feasts tus philosopher pom, yog hais tias lub assortment twb ua rau xws li npau taws! Ib tug yuav xav txog tej yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1st. n. e. Mark Gavius Apicius, ntxiv rau ntau yam seasonings thiab complex kua ntses, nyob rau hauv nws cov zaub mov nrov tau pom zoo siv nws nrog cov nqaij zoo tib yam: rog, hlwb thiab hnyuv, siab, qe nyoos (tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua ke thiab flavored nrog spices). Cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe zoo tau noj Drozdov tsuas yog khoom nrog txiv ntoo thiab raisins. Thiab dab tsi txog cov ntses ntses "garum", ua los ntawm cov ntses salted nyob rau hauv lub vat thiab pw nyob rau hauv lub hnub rau ob peb lub hlis (cov ntses nws tus kheej yog ces drained los ntawm lub vat slurry)! Tseeb, kuv tsis xav mus txuas ntxiv no unappetizing series, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws yuav ntev dhau lawm.

Suffice nws mus rau generalize - noble thiab jaded Loos feem ntau caum tom qab tshiab saj thiab kim tais diav, qhia lawv noj qab haus huv ntawm ntau receptions. Txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws los ua kom nyuaj thiab nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom kim heev thiab cov khoom me me hauv ib lub tais - xws li, piv txwv li, tau piav qhia los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 1st. n. e. Petronium kib dormouse nrog poppy noob thiab zib mu los yog ib tug npua stuffed nrog sausages thiab offal.

Daim ntawv qhia uas txawm niaj hnub no peb txhua tus tuaj yeem ua noj hmo Roman thaum ub

Tus kws tshaj lij ua noj ua haus uas twb tau hais lawm Apicius kuj muab ntau yam zaub mov txawv uas niaj hnub no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo. Ib txhia ntawm nws cov neeg nplua nuj niaj hnub, tej zaum, yuav tau lees paub daim ntawv qhia no ua rustic, thiab txawm rau ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. nws yuav tsis zoo li nyuaj heev.

Nqaij qaib nrog thyme sauce

Npaj (kua los yog kib) nqaij qaib (1.5 kg); ½ tsp kua txob av; 1 tsp thyme; ½ tsp cumin; ib pinch ntawm fennel; ib pinch ntawm mint; ib tug pinch ntawm rosemary los yog rue; 1 tsp cawv txiv hmab; ¼ khob ntawm tws hnub 1 tsp zib mu; 2 khob nqaij qaib Tshuag 2 tsp txiv roj roj los yog butter. Sib tov kua txob, thyme, cumin, fennel, mint thiab rosemary nyob rau hauv ib lub mortar. Ua ke nrog vinegar, hnub, zib mu, broth thiab roj. Nqa mus rau boil. Hauv 30 min. simmer cov nqaij qaib siav hauv cov ntses.

Bon Appetit!