Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb kom khaws shihan Kushtau

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev thov rau kev khaws cia ntawm shihan Kushtau twb tau txais 10 txhiab tus neeg kos npe, thiab ntau txhiab tus neeg los ntawm thoob plaws Bashkiria tau koom nrog cov neeg mob flash rau kev khaws cia ntawm lub roob limestone; cov neeg tawm tsam sawv hauv ib qho kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev ntawm Sterlitamak, Ufa, Neftyugansk, Barcelona thiab txawm tias New York. Txhawm rau pib txiav cov hav zoov (tsis raug cai, tab sis ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab), Lub Tuam Txhab Bashkir Soda yuav tsum ntiav cov tuam txhab kev ruaj ntseg ntiag tug thiab "titushki", thiab nyob rau hnub ib puag ncig huv si, cov tub rog tawm tsam tuaj rau cov neeg tawm tsam hauv cov mos txwv. Nws tshwm sim li cas? Vasilisa Yagodina, tus kws saib xyuas kev tshaj xov xwm ntawm Greenpeace Forestry program, piav qhia tias yog vim li cas nws tsis yog faut los tuav cov neeg nrog truncheons, tab sis Kushtau yuav tsum nyob.

Tom qab 10 xyoo ntawm kev thov thiab flash mobs, Shihan Kushtau thaum kawg yuav tau txais kev tiv thaiv, tus thawj coj ntawm Bashkortostan tau cog lus tias yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov no mus rau Ministry of Natural Resources rau lub Cuaj Hli 4. Nws muab rau pem teb.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb ecological, Bashkir shikhans yog ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv. Lawv yuav tsum tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws, thiab tsis yog lwm qhov chaw txua txiag zeb ntawm Bashkir Soda Company (BSK). Tam sim no koj tus kheej yuav nkag siab yog vim li cas.

Cov roob tsis nco qab dab tsi nyob rau hauv steppe?

Yog hais tias koj mus ntawm Ufa mus rau Sterlitamak, nyob rau hauv lub qab ntug koj yuav nco ntsoov pom ntxaib roob, Bashkir shikhans. Nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov kawg steppe, lub zos thiab lub zos, roob lossis toj, tsis muaj dab tsi portends. Thiab lawv sawv ntawm no sib nrug, thiab ntev ntev.

Roob Kushtau, Yuraktau thiab Toratau yog cov seem ntawm ancient reefs, lawv tau tsim ntau tshaj 230 lab xyoo dhau los, thaum lub Ural Dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Sterlitamak.

Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau kev ntseeg, tab sis dej tau tawg hla Shikhas hauv Triassic lub sijhawm ntawm Mesozoic, thiab tom qab ntawd ichthyosaurs nyob hauv nws.

Nws tsis yog txawm killer whales, ua ntej lawv - ntau lab xyoo ntawm evolution thiab ob peb loj extinctions. Google nws li cas Mesozoic, lub sijhawm zoo heev - lub sijhawm Jurassic paub rau txhua tus - tsuas yog thaum ntawd.

Yog li, shihans nyob rau lub sijhawm Triassic tsis yog shihans kiag li (tsis muaj leej twg hu lawv li ntawd), tab sis reefs thiab nkaum hauv qab dej. Niaj hnub nimno steppe nrog cov zos thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub koom pheej yog dej hiav txwv pem teb. Dab tsi yog Sterlitamak, Ufa dab tsi, Radiy Faritovich - thov ua luam dej ntawm algae, daim txhuam cev thiab bryozoans. Huag, yuav ua li cas "cov hluas" cov dinosaurs, nws txaus ntshai rau xav txog.

Tsuas yog 230 lab xyoo dhau los, cov reefs tau dhau los ua roob, thiab lub tuam txhab Bashkir Soda tuaj rau roob limestone. Nyob rau hauv 70 xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm ua tej yam uas tsis muaj leej twg ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ua - los rhuav tshem ib tug ntawm cov shikhas, Shakhtau, mus rau xoom. Xws li ib tug zoo nkauj hauj lwm muab tawm nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, tsuas yog tu siab.

Peb lub roob "muaj sia nyob" tawm ntawm plaub - Kushtau, Yuraktau thiab Toratau - suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam geological ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Lawv tsis nyob qhov chaw kawg nyob ntawd.

Lawv kuj deservedly tau txais mus rau hauv cov npe luv luv ntawm "Seven Wonders of Russia" project. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tiag tiag: koj yuav kov qhov Mesozoic qhov twg hauv 2020?

Thiab yog tias koj khawb tob?

Tej zaum qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws los ntawm kev xav txog kev lom neeg tau tshwm sim tam sim no tsis yog hauv hav zoov, tab sis hauv av thiab hav zoov litter ntawm Kushtau. Ntxiv nrog rau cov fossilized seem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv thaum ub, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj tau raug khaws cia rau ntawm shihan. Dab tsi tus layman hu av nkos yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov av invertebrates. Thiab "nasty gnats" tiag tiag yog Kab Liab Phau Ntawv.

Yog tias koj ntshai kab laug sab, qhov no tsis yog hais txog lawv. Cov phooj ywg los ntawm Phau Ntawv Liab nyob ntawm Kushtau: Armenian bumblebee, hermit wax, mnemosyne (lub npe zoo rau npauj npaim), stag beetle thiab ib tug ntoo muv. Kev poob ntawm cov neeg no, thawj zaug, yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem kho tau thiab yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, thiab qhov thib ob, yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis yog qhov kev sib cav, ces kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob yog kwv yees li ntawm billions ntawm rubles hauv ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab tag nrho, nws puas tuaj yeem tsim cov dej qab zib ntau dua li tib neeg thiab ntawm tus nqi qis dua? Kuj tseem muaj cov thev naus laus zis tsis muaj limestone.

Nws tsuas yog kab thiab nyom nyom xwb

Feem ntau cov nyom yog sedge, tab sis txawm tias nws loj hlob rau ib qho laj thawj, thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob mow nws. Tab sis ntawm Kushtau, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau khaws cia. suav nrog Phau Ntawv Liab. Ntawd yog, cov nroj tsuag uas peb txhua tus yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv thiab, yog tias ua tau, khaws cia, thiab tsis yog tag nrho.

Tab sis kuv yuav pib tsis nrog Phau Ntawv Liab, tab sis nrog qhov pom tseeb - qhov txawv ntawm Shihan Kushtau. Nws, ib tug prehistoric limestone loj heev, yuav luag tag nrho cov hav zoov. Piv rau nws, Yuraktau thiab Toratau zoo li cov kwv tij laus ntawm ib tug txiv neej zoo nraug nrog cov plaub hau. Ntawm Kushtau hav zoov raug kaw, nws yooj yim (hla tawm - khiav tawm ntawm tub ceev xwm kev tawm tsam) taug kev, nws yooj yim dua ua pa ntawm no, plua plav los ntawm Shakhtau chaw txua txiag zeb thiab los ntawm cov dej qab zib da dej ntawm BSK tsis ncav cuag ntawm no. Nws yog nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hav zoov no uas tawg theem ntawm kev tawm tsam rau kev khaws cia ntawm shikhas pib.

Kaum xyoo ntawm flash mobs, ntawv thov, ceeb toom thiab thov - txiav ntoo ntawm Kushtau yog straw kawg.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm shikhan, 42 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob, teej tug mus rau cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj ntawm Urals thiab Urals, 18 ntawm lawv tau suav nrog hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Bashkiria. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj nyiam Latin? Nov yog qee cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj los ntawm Shihan: Hedysarum grandiflorum (aka penny nyom), Koeleria sclerophylla (los yog nyias-legged), Stipa pennata (tsuas yog feathery nyom nyom).

Yog tias peb siv txoj kev suav cov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag shihan yuav "nqi" 91.8 lab rubles. Thiab cov nroj tsuag no tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los.

Koj pom Phau Liab nyob txhua qhov chaw

Tsis yog txhua qhov chaw, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj yog tias lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob sab nraum phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej. Bashkir biologists tsis cia siab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws, uas tsis tau muab Kushtau kev tiv thaiv rau 10 xyoo, thiab siv sijhawm 4 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm shikhan. Tsis tshua muaj hom yog qhov tsim nyog thiab muaj zog txaus sib cav tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, lawv xav.

Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb xav tias qhov kev xav thiab nws qhov kev lees paub lossis kev tsis lees paub. Biologists xav tias tsis tshua muaj qauv ntawm kab, nroj tsuag thiab av invertebrates tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob ntawm Kushtau. Lub roob tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm nws tus kheej, nws keeb kwm yog oh-oh (koj tsis tau googled nrog Mesozoic tsis tau?), feem ntau yuav, txaus tshawb pom muaj peev xwm ua rau nws. Thiab yog li ntawd tau tshwm sim.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom ntau dua 40 hom tsiaj hauv Phau Ntawv Liab Cov Ntaub Ntawv, tau sau ib daim ntawv qhia 44-nplooj thiab xa mus rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Bashkortostan.

Yog hais tias koj xav tau - ntawm no yog cov cherished 44 nplooj ntawv.

Koj puas xav tias cov tub ceev xwm ua tib zoo kawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm no thiab mloog cov kws paub txog biologist? Tab sis tsis muaj.

Puas yog txoj cai tsis quav ntsej txog biologist?

Qhov tseeb, tsis yog, tab sis hauv qhov tshwj xeeb no - ob npaug tsis yog. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb teb, biologists pom cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tsis tau muab zais hauv qab hauv ncoo lossis muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj - lawv tau luam tawm thiab xa mus rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Bashkortostan. Thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov koom pheej tsis ua dab tsi nrog cov kws tshawb fawb txog biologists; nws tsis tau muab cov xwm txheej tiv thaiv ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg. Nws yuav tsum muaj.

Nws yog li ntawd tshwm sim keeb kwm hais tias Russia yog ib lub koom haum, thiab tsoom fwv cov kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov kev kawm, nrog rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm Red Data Book hom (ib yam dab tsi) thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob yog ua txhaum ntawm tsoomfwv ob txoj cai. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam" thiab "Nyob Hauv Lub Nceeg Vaj Tsiaj" tau txwv tsis pub ua ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov tsiaj muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab Cov Ntaub Ntawv. Deforestation, geological tshawb nrhiav, thiab tom qab ntawd kev rho tawm ntawm limestone ntawm shikhas, tsis yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev xav, lossis los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov qauv ntawm Lavxias txoj cai, tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev cai lij choj. Nws yog ib qho txhaum cai.

Ib lub roob, lwm lub roob - qhov txawv li cas?

Ib hav zoov loj hlob ntawm Kushtau thiab mnemosyne yoov, tab sis ntawm lwm cov shikhans tsis muaj qhov zoo li no. Yuraktau thiab Toratau kuj muaj lawv qhov chaw, tab sis lawv muaj qhov sib txawv, tsis zoo li Kushtau. Ob tug ntawm peb shikhas twb tau txais ib txoj kev txuag, Kushtau tsuas yog tsis muaj sij hawm - cov kev npaj yuav ua rau nws ib tug natural monument nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub koom pheej txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau sau tawm nyob rau hauv 2015.

Tab sis lub tuam txhab Bashkir Soda thiab tus tshiab (kwv yees) lub taub hau ntawm lub koom pheej tab tom ua si nrog shihans, hloov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub roob mus rau lwm qhov, zoo li yog tias lawv hloov tau thiab tsis muaj nqi tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, peb muaj peb yam khoom tshwj xeeb, txhua tus muaj ib tus neeg ecosystem, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws cia txhua tus ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij cov neeg nrog megaphones hais, kev tshawb nrhiav tsis yog kev sib tham nrog phooj ywg, thiab limestone mining tsis yog spa, thiab tsis muaj stag beetle yuav xav muab nrog nws.

Leej twg yuav them rau lub rooj noj mov?

Cia peb xav txog qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 4, Radiy Khabirov tsis xa cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg, lawv zoo li ploj mus, cov ntawv sau pib hlawv, thiab Woland tau so. Pab neeg ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom pheej tseem "tsis txhob muab nws tus kheej tawm", yuam kom lov tes taw eco-activists ntxiv, thiab tsis muaj leej twg pom qhov tsis raug cai (tej zaum ib lub meteorite ya thiab txhua tus tsis yog tam sim no). Kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg tam sim ntawd tsis quav ntsej qhov yuav tshwm sim rau thaj tsam li cas, thiab cov neeg ntawm UN lub hauv paus hauv New York tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm #KushtauLive thiab mus ua si ntaus pob. Kushtau yog muab rau kev txhim kho.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tam sim ntawd tias qhov kev xaiv yog txaus ntshai, qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm nws yog qhov phem dua

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev suav ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj. Yog tias koj nyiam, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas thiab suav ntawm koj qhov kev lom zem. Tsis txhob ua kev puas tsuaj hauv tsev, kuv nug koj.

Yog li, thaum tsim Shihan Kushtau, tus nqi ntawm kev puas tsuaj pib los ntawm 120 billion rubles. Ntau tshaj xya - rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov av invertebrates, tsis tshua muaj nroj tsuag thiab kab, ntau tshaj 112 billion - rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm fertile av txheej.

Thiab qhov no yog yam tsis tau noj rau hauv tus account deforestation ntawm lub shikhan thaum lub sij hawm kev tshawb fawb, yam tsis tau noj mus rau hauv tus account lub poob ntawm ib tug haum ib puag ncig los ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm cov zos nyob sib ze - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm industrial limestone mining. Cov nyiaj hli nyob rau hauv kev cai 15 txhiab rubles (thiab txawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub tsev kho mob 35) tsis tuaj yeem pom tseeb qhov kev poob no nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Peb yuav tsis lees paub los xam kev puas tsuaj ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj ncaj ncees.

Dab tsi yog cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm shihan thiab HRC tawm tswv yim?

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm shikhas ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho thiab tshem tawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov chaw ntuj no, tag nrho peb lub roob yuav tsum tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws. Kev txuag txoj cai yuav tso cai rau khaws cov tsiaj thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob.

Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm shikhas rau hauv lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws, Cov koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan yuav tuaj yeem khaws cia cov ecosystems tshwj xeeb, thiab tawm hauv qhov chaw dawb ceev tsis raug cuam tshuam, thiab txhim kho ecological tourism. Coexist nrog cov kev xav ntawm ntuj, tsis rhuav tshem lawv. Thiab koj yeej yuav tsis tau bludgeon cov activists nrog truncheons lawm. Txhawm rau txuag txoj haujlwm, koj tsis tas yuav los ntshav, koj yuav tsum mloog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab nqis peev peev hauv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub thiab ruaj khov - tsis yog them nyiaj rau kev tawm tsam thiab kev tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm.

Nyob rau peb lub Cuaj Hlis peb yuav rov nco txog zaj nkauj thiab tig rov qab, thiab zaum thib plaub peb yuav pom tias ib tus neeg muaj hwj chim hauv Bashkiria khaws nws cov lus. Thiab Fedor Konyukhov puas yuav muaj sijhawm los kos cov shikhas los ntawm xwm.