Amazing daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia, Muscovy thiab Tartary

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov neeg sau keeb kwm yav dhau los pib tsis meej pem hauv zaj lus tim khawv thaum lawv pom cov duab qhia chaw uas Russia hu ua Great Tartary, thiab nws tus kav yog tus huab tais ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov twg hordes (cov tub rog loj) muaj nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tom qab lub Tatar-Mongol yoke.

Anecdotal cov ntsiab lus hauv cov lus piav qhia tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau kev xav ntawm cov neeg taug kev, tab sis daim ntawv qhia nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tsim thiab kos txhua yam los ntawm kos …

"Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia, Muscovy thiab Tartary", sau los ntawm Anthony Jenkinson, ib tug neeg Askiv, nyob rau hauv London nyob rau hauv 1562 thiab luam tawm los ntawm ib tug engraving los ntawm Frans Hogenberg nyob rau hauv Antwerp nyob rau hauv 1570. Daim ntawv qhia yog mob siab rau nws Grace Heinrich Sydney, tus kav ntawm Wales.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab qhia no, tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Russia yog hu ua "Tartary", thiab Russia thiab Muscovy yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev tswj hwm hauv nws.

Ua tib zoo saib, nyob rau sab laug ces kaum, Emperor Ivan IV Vasilyevich (qhov txaus ntshai) raug ntes, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib tug inscription: Ioannes Basilivs Magnus, Imperator Russie, Dux Moscovie - John Vasilevs lub Great, Emperor ntawm Russia thiab Prince of Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tsis muaj leej twg hu ua huab tais nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tsuas yog rau Lavxias teb sab tsar. Muaj vaj ntxwv, huab tais, vaj ntxwv, sultans, thiab huab tais nyob ib leeg. Nws tau ua li ntawd txij li lub tebchaws Byzantine, "Vasileus" (hauv Byzantine "emperor"), tau suav tias yog tus kav ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia peb tias thawj tus huab tais Lavxias yog Peter I. Daim npav no tshem tawm cov lus no thiab coj peb los ze zog kom paub txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws zoo. Thiab leej twg, tom qab ntawd, yog faus rau hauv Intercession Cathedral ntawm Red Square: tsis paub Vasily tus Foom koob hmoov los yog Vasilevs tus Foom koob hmoov (tus huab tais Blessed).

Ua tib zoo saib, nyob rau sab laug ces kaum, Emperor Ivan IV Vasilyevich (qhov txaus ntshai) raug ntes, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib tug inscription: Ioannes Basilivs Magnus, Imperator Russie, Dux Moscovie - John Vasilevs lub Great, Emperor ntawm Russia thiab Prince of Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tsis muaj leej twg hu ua huab tais nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tsuas yog rau Lavxias teb sab tsar. Muaj vaj ntxwv, huab tais, vaj ntxwv, sultans, thiab huab tais nyob ib leeg. Nws tau ua li ntawd txij li lub tebchaws Byzantine, "Vasileus" (hauv Byzantine "emperor"), tau suav tias yog tus kav ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia peb tias thawj tus huab tais Lavxias yog Peter I. Daim npav no tshem tawm cov lus no thiab coj peb los ze zog kom paub txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws zoo. Thiab leej twg, tom qab ntawd, yog faus rau hauv Intercession Cathedral ntawm Red Square: tsis paub Vasily tus Foom koob hmoov los yog Vasilevs tus Foom koob hmoov (tus huab tais Blessed).

Ntawm qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws yog cov ntawv nyeem nrog cov lus piav qhia rau ntau qhov chaw thiab thaj tsam ntawm qhov loj heev Tartary.

Piv txwv li, muaj cov ntawv nthuav qhia txog Golden Poj Niam, cov lus dab neeg uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua rau lub ntsiab lus no thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Daim npav no qhia txog tus poj niam Golden li Raphael's Sistine Madonna. Daim duab no tau coj los ntawm daim duab qhia chaw uas tsis tau pom tus pej thuam tiag tiag. Cov ntawv sau hais tias qhov txawv tshaj plaw deity no yog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg ntawm thaj chaw ntawd thiab muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas tau nug rau nws.

Nyob rau sab xis saum toj ntawm daim ntawv qhia, koj tuaj yeem pom daim chij liab thiab ib daim duab ntawm cov neeg pe hawm nws. Cov lus tawm tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv qhia sau ua ke hais tias cov neeg ntawm thaj chaw no (sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia) pe hawm lub hnub, thiab siv daim ntaub liab ua lub cim ntawm lub hnub. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias lo lus niaj hnub "liab" muaj ob ntu "Rau RA", uas txhais tau tias "rau Hnub". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Ra tsis yog los ntawm tsis txhais hais tias ancient Egyptian vajtswv ntawm lub hnub, raws li cov phau ntawv qhia peb, tab sis lub ntsiab lus Lavxias teb sab lub ntsiab lus "lub hnub, lub teeb, lub zog." Yog li ntawd, cov xim liab, cim lub teeb ntawm lub hnub, tau thov rau tus chij uas lawv tig lawv cov lus thov, uas yog, "rau Ra". Qhov kev sib xyaw no tau dhau mus rau lub npe ntawm cov xim no. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev, nyob ib sab ntawm uas muaj ib lub qhov rais tig rau lub hnub, hu ua "liab ces kaum", uas yog, tig rau "Ra". Cov kab lus no tau ruaj khov rau hauv cov lus Lavxias, thawj zaug qhia lub ces kaum nrog cov duab rau kev thov Vajtswv, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog lub ces kaum uas muaj lub qhov rais uas tib neeg thov Vajtswv rau lub hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv chaw uas cov rooj sib tham yuav ua tau. tuav tau hu ua "liab fab", thiab qhov twg cov portraits ntawm cov thawj coj yuav tsum tam sim no.

Yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv no, nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub pre-Christian era lub cult ntawm Ra tau nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Russia, thiab tsis yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia. Txwv tsis pub, tag nrho cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov lus no yuav tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv hom lus thiab yuav tsis muaj sia nyob mus rau peb hnub.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia no, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Gessel Gerrits, muaj ib tug thib ob, qub lub npe ntawm tus dej Volga - Ra.

Lwm cov lus piav qhia kuj tseem nthuav heev:

“Cov pob zeb no muaj tib neeg zoo ib yam, zoo ib yam li cov ntxhuav thiab lwm yam tsiaj, uas muaj ntau yam loads; tej tsiaj me kuj muaj nyob ntawd thiab. Muaj ib zaug, nws yog Horde, nws cov neeg sawv cev tau koom nrog kev yug nyuj, grazing me me thiab loj tsiaj nyeg; tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, los ntawm tej yam yees siv, lawv tag nrho cov tau tig mus rau hauv pob zeb thiab ua pob zeb, tuav lub zoo li neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Qhov kev hloov pauv txuj ci tseem ceeb no tau tshwm sim 300 xyoo dhau los."

"Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Mangyshlak mus rau Shaisur yog 20 hnub ntawm kev taug kev hauv av tsis muaj dej thiab tso tseg; qhov deb ntawm Shaisur mus rau Bukhara yog tib yam; kev nyiag khoom feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev."

“Cov neeg, hu ua Kirghiz, nyob hauv pawg neeg, sawv cev rau Horde. Tus pov thawj ntawm Kirghiz thaum lub sij hawm los saum ntuj los ua hauj lwm, noj ntshav, mis nyuj, xa me nyuam rov ntawm pob tsiaj thiab sib tov tag nrho cov no nrog lub ntiaj teb, sau ib lub nkoj nrog no muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab nce ib tsob ntoo. Thaum nws sau cov pab pawg neeg hauv qab tsob ntoo, nws muab cov dej sib tov saum toj no. Lub sprinkling ritual muaj ib tug dawb ceev xwm txheej. Thaum Kirghiz ib tug twg tuag, lawv tsis faus tus tuag, tab sis muab nws dai rau ntawm ib tsob ntoo."

"Me Khorsan, uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Persian lub nceeg vaj, raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1558 los ntawm Tartars."

“Ib zaug Samarkand yog lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov Tartary, tab sis tam sim no lub nroog nyob rau hauv ruins, tau poob nws qub tseem ceeb; txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov khoom qub qub txaus nyob ntawm no. Ntawm no yog faus Temerlan, leej twg nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntes tus huab tais Turkish Bayazit thiab nyob rau hauv golden chains coj nws mus txhua qhov chaw nrog nws. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog no lees paub txoj kev ntseeg Mohammedan."

Hauv 30 hnub taug kev mus rau Kashgar mus rau sab hnub tuaj, ciam teb ntawm Suav Tebchaws pib. Nws yog peb lub hlis taug kev los ntawm ciam teb ntawm Kashgar mus rau Kambalyk.

Ib qho yuav tsum, txawm li cas los xij, nkag siab tias Anthony Jenkinson nws tus kheej, tus sau ntawm daim ntawv qhia no, tsis nyob hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw no, thiab tej zaum hauv Russia feem ntau - Tartary. Thiab nws tau ua nws daim ntawv qhia raws li cov lus piav qhia uas tau nqis los rau nws los ntawm ntau tus neeg taug kev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

© Igor Stolyarov, 2014

Koj tuaj yeem yuav daim npav no hauv ib tsab ntawv sau (nrog lossis tsis muaj baguette, 5% luv nqi ntawm Kramola code) hauv "Success Card" khw:

Daim duab qhia chaw ua los ntawm peb yog indistinguishable los ntawm cov thawj thiab yog luam tawm siv n-offset technology. Peb siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev koom nrog cov ntawv thiab rov qab, uas tso cai rau peb ua yam tsis muaj iav. Cov ntawv kim heev hu ua "tsev cia puav pheej" uas peb siv tso cai rau peb pom qhov tob ntawm cov xim thiab ua haujlwm nrog daim ntawv qhia nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas.

Peb txhob txwm siv lub "lub teeb" baguette, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws kim dua li niaj zaus. Xws li baguette yuav tso cai rau koj kom yooj yim tshem tawm daim ntawv qhia ntawm phab ntsa thiab ua haujlwm nrog nws.