Yooj yim rau nrum dua gouge: Antique Reinforced Pob zeb Casting

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom qub nrog cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa. Dab tsi raws li keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub yuav tsum tsis yog.

Thaum lub sijhawm Bronze Age, cov khoom siv hlau tsis siv. Hlau supposedly tseem tsis tau smelted los ntawm ore. Txawm hais tias, raws li kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis, hlau smelting tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li tooj liab smelting thiab bronze ntau lawm. Tab sis yuav ua li cas piav tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus hlau, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov hlau ntxiv hauv cov tsev qub qub? Saib cov piv txwv:

Armature nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Palmyra

Yog hais tias cov no yog fittings, ces lawv yog cam khwb cia pawg. Sau lawv thaum lub sij hawm ancient kev tsim kho los yog kho dua tshiab? Cov duab no qhia tau hais tias tus tsiaj no yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li plaster cam khwb cia.

Kuv tsis xav tias cov no yog qhov haum ntawm kev kho dua tshiab. Yog tias peb xav tias tag nrho cov khoom no tau rov qab los, ces tsis muaj dab tsi seem ntawm cov khoom ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Vim li cas ho tsis muaj leej twg hauv kev tshawb fawb tau mloog cov ntsiab lus no? Qhov tseeb tsis yooj yim los yog lawv puas paub tias qhov no yog remake, kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom qub? Tsis muaj lus pom.

Piv txwv tom ntej:

Hippos- qhov chaw ntawm Hellenistic kab lis kev cai. Lwm lub npe: Antioch-Hippos, nrog rau Susita, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg Ixayees niaj hnub no. Lub nroog raug puas tsuaj los ntawm av qeeg hauv 749. Kev khawb tau pib rau qee qhov laj thawj nkaus xwb hauv xyoo 1951.

Cov seem ntawm cov kab tau raug khawb. Los ntawm no "Lego" lawv sim ua kom rov tsim dua ib yam dab tsi. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, raws li niaj zaus, yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus:

Ib tug pas nrig tawm ntawm ib kem los yog ib daim ntawm cov khoom qub qub. Cia peb nthuav qhov chaw uas cov hlau reinforcement sticks tawm ntawm kem:

Ntawm sab xis hauv daim duab yog lwm kem. Cov piv txwv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no tsis yog tshwj xeeb.

Yog hais tias koj tsis to taub, ces qhov no yog ib tug hlau pas nrig embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug granite kem. Tsis tau tsav hauv, tsis tso rau hauv lub qhov, tab sis nchuav thaum nws tsim khoom. Cov. ancient builders paub yuav ua li cas imitation ntawm compositions rau ntuj granite.

Excerpts los ntawm I. Sinelnikov phau ntawv "Artificial marble":

Nws yog qhov ua tau tias cov kab hauv cov duab saum toj no tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej no. Cov zaub mov zoo sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Handicraft Recipes", 1931. tsab ntawv.

Hloov mus, piv txwv li hauv qab no:

Duab los ntawm video hauv qab no. Armature sticking tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm ib tug antique pej thuam pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv lub Lavra? Nws hloov tawm tias nws yog cam khwb cia, thiab tsis yog los ntawm ntuj limestone! Cov fittings tsis niaj hnub, tsis ribbed. Cov twigs yog kom meej meej ancient. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas? Puas yog cov khoom lag luam muaj hnub nyoog ntau pua xyoo lossis tsuas yog 100 xyoo xwb (txij li xyoo 19th, thaum lawv twb paub yuav ua cov hlau dov)?

Screen coj los ntawm 11:23 min los ntawm video:

Ib qho kev txhawb nqa zoo sib xws tau hla hauv cov duab hauv video, qhov chaw uas cov Islamists rhuav tshem cov mlom qub hauv tsev cia puav pheej hauv Iraq:

Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Iraqi qub txeeg qub teg. Muaj cov duab nyob qhov twg hlau beams, tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub ntsiab, protruded los ntawm lub facades ntawm ancient vaj tse.

Cov piv txwv tom ntej no yog kev tshaj tawm ntawm ferruginous compounds hauv granite:

1. Nevsky rooj vag ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress nyob rau hauv St. Lub ntsiab hauv qab ntawm kab. Ferruginous compounds hauv granite. 2. Hlau leeg hauv granite. Qhov no puas tuaj yeem yog?

Txawv txawv teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv granites. Cov no feem ntau yog pob zeb basalt. Tab sis dab tsi yuav yog ferruginous inclusions, kuv xav tias, rau granitoids nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Los yog cov tswv thaum ub puas paub yuav ua li cas coj cov pob zeb sib xyaw uas tsis txawv ntawm granite? Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib yam dab tsi tsis yog tag nrho stirred, muaj ib tug kab ntawm no inclusion.

Hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho dua tshiab, lossis lub peev xwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub, uas tsis tau piav qhia hauv keeb kwm:

Salamis. Cyprus

Kev txhawb zog hauv lub hauv paus pob zeb, kem sawv.

Nyob rau hauv cov duab no, nws yog ib qho xav tsis thoob tias tag nrho cov kab sawv, lawv tau sib npaug ntawm qhov siab. Tab sis tsis muaj lwm yam txheej txheem: blocks, khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam.

Nws tuaj yeem pom tias sab hauv ntawm kem kuj yog ib qho casting. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm formwork hoops yog pom. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov no yog kev tsim kho dua tshiab.

Muaj ob txoj kev piav qhia:

ib. Txawm hais tias hlau yog nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ces nws chronology thiab kev sib yuav yuav tsum tau kho dua. Los yog rov xav txog cov peev txheej thev naus laus zis ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawd.

2. Ob tug neeg kho dua tshiab tau ua nws: lawv rov qab ua dua tshiab.

Cov piv txwv hauv qab no, txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj kev txhawb zog, tab sis cov kav dej no tau pom meej meej:

Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Istanbul

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws yooj yim dua los pov nws dua li khawb nws tawm. Tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub caij ntawm lub pob zeb dej yeeb nkab nrog chisel thiab rauj. Ib tug cam khwb cia square pas nrig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kem (nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm ib qho chaw qhib-cua). Tau kawg, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov khoom hlau tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub qhov hollowed tawm thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog mortar.

Thiab thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm luv luv no, kuv thov kom saib cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb Indian ntawm cov khoom qub:

Video hais txog Fort Warangal hauv Is Nrias teb: "Ancient geopolymers tau pov thawj!". Cov vis dis aus nthuav tawm cov kev soj ntsuam nthuav dav uas cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem, qhov tseeb, yog cov pob zeb zoo tib yam ntawm cov txiv qaub (cov xuab zeb, ntxiv rau cov txiv qaub hlawv).

Qhov kev txiav txim siab twg tuaj yeem kos tau? Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov rov ua dua tshiab, thiab raws li ib tus neeg tsis ntseeg tau hais rau kuv tsis ntev los no: tag nrho cov kab thiab cov khoom qub tau raug tshem tawm mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej (!?), thiab cov khoom tsim tawm tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom lag luam. Los yog cov neeg qub tau muaj cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau smelting thiab dov hlau twb nyob rau hauv Bronze Age. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis uas ua raws li cov pob zeb ntuj xws li marble thiab granite.