Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kev pabcuam tub rog tau npaj, nrog rau kev yeej ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Tsev Dawb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm 26th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Tsev Dawb nyob rau hauv Moscow, cov xov xwm tshaj tawm memoirs, ceeb toom ntawm lub xyoo thiab kev xam phaj nrog cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej, ntau yam uas ua pov thawj pom tseeb: Yeltsin ua raws li cov lus txib ncaj qha los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, uas tau hem, suav nrog thiab kev cuam tshuam tub rog.

Ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv, nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Zavtra", uas qhia txog tag nrho cov kev tswj los ntawm lub tebchaws United States ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Russia thiab lub tiag tiag kev npaj ntawm ib tug ntxeem tau nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug yeej. tiv thaiv ntawm lub Supreme Soviet. Tus sau cov ntaub ntawv yog Alexander Domrin, kws kho mob ntawm txoj cai, uas qhia nyob rau hauv American universities, ib tug American nom tswv scientist thiab xib fwb ntawm lub heev smithy ntawm peb liberals - lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Economics. Tus xibfwb piav qhia txog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Asmeskas cov nom tswv, txoj kev uas cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm rau cov xov xwm nyob rau hnub ntawd. Thiab nws tau hais txog tib yam li tam sim no tshwm sim hauv Ukraine, thaum twg kev ua txhaum cai ntawm Banderaites tau nthuav tawm raws li kev cog lus "hauv lub npe ntawm kev ywj pheej", thiab txhua qhov kev sim tawm tsam yog hu ua "intrigues ntawm Kremlin." Tsuas yog Bandera cov neeg txhawb nqa tau hloov los ntawm Yeltsin thiab nws pab neeg, thiab "cov neeg ua phem ua phem rau Lavxias" tau hloov los ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Tsev Dawb, uas tsis tau hu ua lwm yam tshaj li cov neeg fascist. Tab sis qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws yog tias Tebchaws Meskas tau npaj tiag tiag qhib kev ua tub rog tawm tsam Russia, uas tus pab cuam rau Thawj Tswj Hwm Nixon tau sau rau hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia, uas tau tawm tswv yim tawm tsam kom nkag mus rau txawm tias tsis muaj zog Yeltsin Russia xyoo 1993.

Cia peb tsis pom zoo nrog Vladimir Vladimirovich: cov neeg Lavxias tsis tsuas yog muaj sia nyob qee yam kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, tab sis tau muaj sia nyob hauv kev ua tsov rog tiag tiag, uas suav nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ib lub tebchaws, vim tias ntau lab tus neeg Lavxias pom lawv tus kheej. sab nraum lawv lub teb chaws, kev sib txuas lus kab lis kev cai thiab kev lag luam ntau pua xyoo, nrog rau los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, lub xeev cov cuab yeej siv, cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab cov xov xwm tau nyob. Thiab qhov kev poob hauv kev ua tsov rog no yog piv rau cov uas nyob rau hauv tsov rog kub tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias peb tsis suav txog kaum tawm lab tus tib neeg uas tau xaus rau sab nraud Russia, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab rau Yeltsin thiab nws cov neeg laib yog kwv yees ntau lab. Cov no yog ntau pua txhiab tus neeg Lavxias uas raug tua neeg hauv Chechnya thiab lwm lub tebchaws qub ntawm peb lub tebchaws, thiab cov neeg tuag hauv Ukraine vim yog kev ua txhaum cai Belovezhskaya, uas tau faib peb lub tebchaws thiab teeb tsa cov kwv tij uas muaj hnub nyoog ntau pua xyoo tawm tsam ib leeg 13 xyoo tom qab., thiab tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg uas poob hauj lwm thiab cov txiv neej qaug cawv nrog kev cia siab. Ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tuag ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation xyoo 1992-2002.

Tab sis kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm kev rho menyuam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav los ntawm Rosstat, los ntawm 1990 txog 2000, lub teb chaws poob 18 lab 968 txhiab tus neeg los ntawm rho menyuam ib leeg.

Yog tias peb ntxiv qhov no thiab qhov ntawd, kev poob los ntawm American colonial txoj cai tsuas yog muab piv nrog kev poob ntawm cov neeg Khab los ntawm txoj cai tswj hwm ntawm British. Thiab nws yuav tag nrho ntxiv, tab sis tsis yog hnub no. Tsuas yog vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ua phem thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab uas tau muab peb lub tebchaws rau lub Plaub Hlis 1990s tseem nyob hauv lub hwj chim.

Thawj Tswj Hwm mus ntsib

Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1963, Kennedy tuaj txog hauv Texas. Qhov kev mus ncig no tau npaj ua ib feem ntawm kev npaj phiaj xwm rau kev xaiv tsa thawj tswj hwm xyoo 1964. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev nws tus kheej tau sau tseg tias nws tseem ceeb heev rau nws kom yeej hauv Texas thiab Florida. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Lyndon Johnson yog ib tus neeg hauv zos thiab kev mus rau lub xeev tau hais meej.

Tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb tau ntshai ntawm kev mus ntsib. Ib lub hlis ua ntej tus thawj tswj hwm tuaj txog, Adlai Stevenson, tus neeg sawv cev Asmeskas rau UN, tau tawm tsam hauv Dallas. Yav dhau los, thaum ib qho ntawm Lyndon Johnson qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm no, nws tau raug cem los ntawm … cov poj niam hauv tsev. Hnub ua ntej ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm tuaj txog, cov ntawv sau nrog cov duab ntawm Kennedy thiab cov ntawv sau "Xav kom ntxeev siab" tau muab tso rau thoob plaws lub nroog. Qhov xwm txheej tau nruj, thiab muaj teeb meem tos. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv xav tias cov neeg tawm tsam nrog daim npav yuav coj mus rau txoj kev lossis pov cov qe lwj ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm.

Cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tau xav tsis thoob ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv The Assassination of President Kennedy, William Manchester, historian and journalist who chronicled the assassination try at the request of the Thawj Tswj Hwm tsev neeg, sau hais tias: “Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes ntshai xwm txheej, Tus Kws Lij Choj Burfoot Sanders, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees loj hauv qhov no ntawm Texas thiab tus lwm thawj coj tus kws tshaj lij hauv Dallas tau hais rau Johnson tus kws tshaj lij nom tswv Cliff Carter uas tau muab lub nroog txoj kev nom kev tswv, qhov kev mus los zoo li "tsis tsim nyog." Cov thawj coj hauv nroog tau tshee lub hauv caug txij thaum pib ntawm qhov kev mus ncig no. Lub nthwv dej ntawm kev ua phem hauv zos rau tsoomfwv tau mus txog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lawv paub nws."

Tab sis kev sib tw ua ntej kev xaiv tsa tau los txog, thiab lawv tsis tau hloov pauv txoj kev npaj mus los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21, lub dav hlau thawj tswj hwm tau tsaws ntawm tshav dav hlau San Antonio (Texas 'lub nroog thib ob uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws). Kennedy tau mus kawm Air Force Medical School, mus rau Houston, hais lus hauv tsev kawm ntawv nyob ntawd, thiab mus koom lub rooj noj mov Democratic Party.

Hnub tom qab, Thawj Tswj Hwm mus rau Dallas. Nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm 5 feeb, tus lwm thawj lub dav hlau tuaj txog ntawm Dallas Love Field tshav dav hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd Kennedy's. Thaum txog 11:50 teev sawv ntxov, cov neeg caij tsheb ntawm thawj tus neeg tsiv mus rau hauv nroog. Cov Kennedys nyob rau hauv plaub limousine. Nyob rau hauv tib lub tsheb nrog Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Thawj Poj Niam yog US Secret Service tus neeg saib xyuas Roy Kellerman, Texas Governor John Connally thiab nws tus poj niam, tus neeg sawv cev William Greer tau tsav tsheb.

Peb txhaj

Nws yog thawj zaug tau npaj tias lub tsheb kauj vab yuav taug kev hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm Txoj Kev Loj - tsis tas yuav tsum tau qeeb rau nws. Tab sis rau qee yam, txoj kev tau hloov pauv, thiab cov tsheb tau tsav los ntawm Elm Street, uas cov tsheb yuav tsum tau qeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm Elm Street, lub tsheb kauj vab tau nyob ze rau ntawm lub khw muag khoom, los ntawm qhov chaw tua.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tau tshwm sim thaum 12:30. Cov neeg ua pov thawj tau coj lawv los ntawm kev npuaj tes ntawm lub cracker, lossis rau lub suab ntawm cov pa, txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tsis pom lawv cov kabmob tam sim ntawd. Muaj peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tag nrho (txawm tias qhov no yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb), thawj zaug yog Kennedy raug mob rau sab nraub qaum, qhov thib ob lub mos txwv ntaus lub taub hau, thiab qhov mob no ua rau tuag taus. Rau feeb tom qab, lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj txog ntawm lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws, thaum 12:40 tus thawj tswj hwm tuag.

Kev tshawb fawb forensic kho mob, uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, tsis tau ua. Kennedy lub cev raug xa mus rau Washington tam sim ntawd.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub khw kev cob qhia tau hais rau tub ceev xwm tias qhov kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev. Raws li cov lus pov thawj, ib teev tom qab ntawd, Tub Ceev Xwm Tub Ceev Xwm Tippit tau sim ntes tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws khoom Lee Harvey Oswald. Nws muaj rab yaj phom uas nws tua Tippit. Yog li ntawd, Oswald tseem raug ntes, tab sis ob hnub tom qab nws kuj tuag. Nws raug tua los ntawm qee tus Jack Ruby thaum tus neeg raug liam raug coj tawm ntawm tub ceev xwm chaw nres tsheb. Yog li ntawd, nws xav "tsim" nws lub nroog.

Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 24, tus thawj tswj hwm raug tua, thiab yog li ntawd yog thawj tus neeg raug liam. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tsab cai lij choj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Lyndon Johnson tshiab, ib pawg thawj coj tau tsim, coj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Earl Warren. Tag nrho muaj xya tus neeg. Tau ntev, lawv tau kawm cov lus pov thawj ntawm cov pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thaum kawg lawv tau txiav txim siab tias ib tus neeg tua neeg ib leeg tau sim tua tus thawj tswj hwm. Jack Ruby, hauv lawv txoj kev xav, kuj tau ua ib leeg thiab muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb rau kev tua neeg.

Raws li kev xav

Yuav kom nkag siab tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau New Orleans, lub nroog Lee Harvey Oswald, qhov chaw uas nws tau mus xyuas zaum kawg xyoo 1963. Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis 22, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm ib qho chaw hauv zos ntawm Guy Banister thiab Jack Martin. Banister khiav ib lub chaw tshawb nrhiav me me ntawm no, Martin ua haujlwm rau nws. Yog vim li cas rau kev sib cav tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog Kennedy kev tua neeg, nws yog kev sib cav tsis sib haum xeeb. Thaum tshav kub kub ntawm kev sib cav, Banister rub tawm nws rab yaj phom thiab ntaus Martin lub taub hau nrog nws ob peb zaug. Nws qw tias: "Koj puas yuav tua kuv li koj tua Kennedy?"

Lo lus aroused suspicion. Martin, uas tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, raug nug, thiab nws hais tias nws tus thawj coj Banister paub qee yam David Ferry, uas, dhau los, paub Lee Harvey Oswald zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg raug tsim txom tau thov tias Ferry tau ntxias Oswald los tawm tsam tus thawj tswj hwm siv hypnosis. Martin tau suav hais tias tsis yog ib txwm muaj, tab sis nrog rau kev tua neeg ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, FBI tau ua haujlwm tawm txhua yam. Ferry kuj raug nug, tab sis rooj plaub tsis tau txais kev nce qib ntxiv hauv xyoo 1963.

… Peb xyoos dhau los lawm

Ironically, Martin cov lus tim khawv tsis tau hnov qab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1966 New Orleans District Tus Kws Lij Choj Jim Garrison rov qhib qhov kev tshawb xyuas. Nws tau sau cov lus pov thawj uas tau lees paub tias kev tua neeg Kennedy yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev koom tes nrog rau yav dhau los tus kws tsav dav hlau dav hlau David Ferry thiab tus neeg ua lag luam Clay Shaw. Tau kawg, ob peb xyoos tom qab kev tua neeg, qee cov lus pov thawj no tsis ntseeg tau, tab sis tseem Garrison tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Nws tau koom nrog qhov tseeb tias muaj qee yam Clay Bertrand tau tshwm sim hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Warren Commission. Nws yog leej twg tsis paub, tab sis tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tua neeg, nws hu New Orleans kws lij choj Dean Andrews thiab tau hais kom tiv thaiv Oswald. Andrews, txawm li cas los xij, nco txog cov xwm txheej ntawm yav tsaus ntuj tsis zoo: nws mob ntsws, kub siab thiab nws noj tshuaj ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, Garrison ntseeg tias Clay Shaw thiab Clay Bertrand yog ib tus neeg thiab tib neeg (tom qab Andrews tau lees paub tias nws feem ntau muab lus tim khawv tsis tseeb txog Bertrand hu).

Shaw, lub sijhawm no, yog ib tus neeg nto moo thiab muaj kev hwm hauv New Orleans. Ib tug tub rog ua tsov ua rog, nws tau khiav lag luam ua lag luam zoo hauv nroog, koom nrog pej xeem lub neej ntawm lub nroog, sau cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Garrison ntseeg tias Shaw yog ib feem ntawm ib pab pawg neeg muag riam phom uas tau npaj siab los coj Fidel Castro tswj hwm. Kennedy txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog USSR thiab tsis muaj txoj cai tswjfwm tawm tsam Cuba, raws li nws cov qauv, tau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev tua tus thawj tswj hwm.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1967, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau tshwm sim hauv New Orleans States Cov Khoom, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov neeg tshawb xyuas lawv tus kheej tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv "xws li". Ob peb hnub tom qab, David Ferry, uas tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm Oswald thiab cov koom haum ntawm kev sim tua neeg, raug pom tuag hauv nws lub tsev. Tus txiv neej tuag ntawm lub paj hlwb hemorrhage, tab sis qhov txawv yog tias nws tau tso ob daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis meej pem thiab tsis meej pem. Yog tias Ferry tau tua tus kheej, ces cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem suav tias yog tuag, tab sis nws txoj kev tuag tsis zoo li kev tua tus kheej.

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj pov thawj thiab pov thawj tawm tsam Shaw, rooj plaub raug coj mus sim, thiab lub rooj sib hais tau pib xyoo 1969. Garrison ntseeg tias Oswald, Shaw, thiab Ferry tau sib cav thaum Lub Rau Hli 1963, muaj ntau tus neeg tua tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab cov mos txwv uas tua nws tsis yog tus tua los ntawm Lee Harvey Oswald. Cov neeg tim khawv tau raug hu mus rau qhov kev sim, tab sis cov lus sib cav uas tau nthuav tawm tsis ua rau cov neeg txiav txim siab. Nws siv sijhawm tsawg dua ib teev kom ncav cuag qhov kev txiav txim: Clay Shaw tau raug txiav txim. Thiab nws qhov teeb meem tseem nyob hauv keeb kwm raws li tib tus tib neeg coj mus sim hauv kev txuas nrog Kennedy kev tua neeg.

Elena Minushkina