Vim li cas cov neeg Yudais thiaj li muab cov npe thiab cov npe ntawm Lavxias?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws paub tias txhua tus neeg tawm tsam, txawm tias Bolsheviks lossis Mensheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries lossis Bundists, ua lawv cov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Russia, siv cov npe cuav los nkaum ntawm kev tsim txom. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsos ntawm pseudonym kuj yog lub cacophony ntawm lub xeem lub npe, chav kawm prejudices, lub xub ntiag ntawm namesakes, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis lub ntsiab yog vim li cas: mus nkaum, kom tau poob nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pawg. Piv txwv li, cov neeg Yudais Feldman, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub battleship Potemkin nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1905 thiab ntxias cov neeg tsav nkoj kom ntxeev siab, nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob nyob rau hauv lub npe Ivanov.

Qee cov neeg Yudais, ntxiv rau lub npe tseem ceeb, muaj ntau lwm tus (Lenin muaj tshaj 150, Sverdlov muaj tshaj 80). Rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg Yudais uas tau koom tes hauv kev hloov pauv, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau ntau lub tog thiab tsoomfwv cov qauv ntawm lub zog, cov npe pseudonym tau hloov lawv lub npe tiag tiag thiab ua kom ruaj khov (Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Lunacharsky, Litvinov, Yaroslavsky, Tomsky). Nrog cov pseuonyms, lawv nkag mus rau peb keeb kwm.

Cov neeg Lavxias, uas tau pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais quab yuam txij li xyoo 1917, tsis paub lub npe tiag tiag ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tog thiab tsoomfwv. Ua zoo li Russians, cov thawj coj ntawm tog tau loj hlob mustaches thiab hwj txwv (Lenin, Sverdlov, Trotsky, Kamenev, Yaroslavsky, Gamarnik, thiab lwm yam). Cov tub ceev xwm tsis pub leejtwg paub tsarist feem ntau poob lawv txoj kev taug, nrhiav qhov no lossis cov neeg Yudais Social-Democrat, txij li cov npe sib txawv tau koom nrog tib neeg.

Piv txwv li, Cov Neeg Sawv Cev rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws ntawm USSR MM Litvinov, koom nrog kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv raws li qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov chaw nyob, hu nws tus kheej txawv: Meer Moisey Ballakh, Finkelstein, Ludwig Vilgelmovich Nits, Felix nrog lub npe menyuam yaus "Daddy", Gustov Graf, Polyansky, thiab lwm yam.d. Tab sis cov npe ntawm tsib tus kwv tij thiab cov muam ntawm Litvinov, pom tau tias yog los ntawm lub strip ntawm cov neeg Yudais ghetto ntawm Bialystok, raws li qhia los ntawm lus Askiv, German thiab Fabkis qhov chaw yog raws li nram no.

Litvinov tus viv ncaus Esther Finkelstein nyob hauv Warsaw. Lwm tus viv ncaus ntawm Rebekah nyob hauv Ireland kom txog rau thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum 1, qhov chaw nws tau nkaum nws tus tij laug ntxeev siab rau qee lub sijhawm. Tus tij laug Lev nyob hauv San Francisco txij li xyoo 1905 thiab hais tias nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Polyansky. Lwm tus kwv tij, Saveliy (Solomon), uas nyob hauv London, raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj kev ua pej xeem Askiv rau kev dag nyiaj txiag. Tus kwvtij thib peb, Yankel Ballach, yog ib tug xibhwb hauv tebchaws Poland. Yankel tau thov tias nws tus tij laug tau hu ua Meer-Moisey Ballah thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe no nws tau ua haujlwm ywj pheej hauv ib qho ntawm cov tub rog tub rog hauv Caucasus. Yog li, Meer-Moisey Ballakh tig mus rau Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov thiab nkag mus rau peb keeb kwm raws li ib tug statesman, diplomat.

Emelyan Yaroslavsky (lub npe tiag tiag thiab lub xeem Miney Izrailevich Gubelman), Karl Ra-dek (Sobelson), thawj lub taub hau ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog liab Sergei Ivanovich Gusev (lub npe tiag tiag thiab lub xeem Yakov Davidovich Drabkin), tus tsim ntawm kev tua neeg staged nyob rau hauv pseudonym nkag mus rau peb keeb kwm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg, Philip Isaevich Goloshchekin (lub npe tiag tiag thiab lub xeem ntawm Shaya Isaakovich Weinstein) thiab ntau lwm yam Bolsheviks. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhib tog, raws li txoj cai, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau lub npe tiag tiag ntawm revolutionaries. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ob peb lub npe ntawm ib tug los yog lwm tus kiv puag ncig, uas suav tias yog tiag tiag. Rau Moisei Markovich Volodarsky, ib txhia xav txog nws lub npe tiag tiag Kogan, lwm tus - Goldstein. Zinoviev muaj Radomyslsky thiab Apfelbaum. Sim nws, xam nws tawm!

Nyob rau hauv Sverdlov, ib txhia ntseeg hais tias qhov no kuj yog ib tug pseudonym thiab txawm hu lub xeem lub npe Katz, xav tias nws yog ib tug tiag tiag. Tab sis Sverdlov yog lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Yudais. Yog li ntawd, Sverdlov tsis hloov nws lub xeem, thiab ntau communist tseem xav txog nws Lavxias teb sab.

Sverdlov tsuas hloov lub npe thiab patronymic ntawm Yeshua-Solomon Movshevich rau Yakov Mikhailovich.

Lenin pib sau npe rau lub npe pseudonym "Lenin" (raws li Great Soviet Encyclopedia thov) txij li lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1901, tab sis cov ntawv sau keeb kwm tsis qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe pseudonym. Muaj ntau ntau cov lus dab neeg nthuav tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm cov lus nug zoo li tsis tseem ceeb no. Ib txhia hais tias lub pseudonym no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Lena executions (txawm hais tias qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1912); lwm tus - zoo li nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm ib tug poj niam hu ua Lena; tseem muaj lwm tus - zoo li qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus tswv av zoo Nikolai Lenin, uas tau muab Ulyanov nrog nws phau ntawv hla tebchaws mus txawv tebchaws. Lenin nws tus kheej tsis nyiam nyob rau lub ntsiab lus no. Thaum Valentinov (Volsky), uas nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ua raws li lub Bolsheviks, ncaj qha nug Lenin txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm nws pseudonym, Lenin tsis kam yws yws: "Koj yuav paub ntau heev - tau laus ntxov …". Tsawg tus neeg paub tias ntawm cov nroog thiab thaj chaw uas Lenin nyob, lub zos Lenin tau hais. "Lub" Jewish Encyclopedia "hais tias:" Lenin yog ib lub zos nyob rau hauv Minsk xeev ntawm lub Mozyr koog tsev kawm ntawv. Xyoo 1897 - 1173 tus neeg, suav nrog 753 cov neeg Yudais." Nws tuaj yeem xav tias Ulyanov nyob hauv qhov chaw no tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv qhov tseeb tias Lenin tau poob rau hauv keeb kwm nrog lub npe pseudonym. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg Yudais muaj txoj cai xaiv lawv cov npe los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov chaw nyob uas lawv nyob lossis ua lawv cov kev hloov pauv: Polyakov-Litovtsev, Yaroslavsky, Dzerzhinsky, Smolensky, Tomsky, Moskovsky, thiab lwm yam.

Saib ntxiv: Leej twg nyob hauv Mausoleum?

Ntau tus thawj coj ntawm tog tau txuas ntxiv siv cov npe npe tom qab, thaum lawv tsis muaj kev phom sij ntxiv lawm. Cov tswv cuab thib ob ntawm tog, uas tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv, kuj muaj cov npe npe. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lus Mev kaum-ntu ntawv encyclopedia "Sopena" (v. 5, p. 480) nws tau qhia tias lub npe tiag tiag ntawm Khrushchev yog Perlmutter. Qhov tseeb no nyuaj npaum li cas los txiav txim. Tab sis cov kev ua ntawm Khrushchev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws reign, ntxeev siab rau nws: nws tso tseg kev tua ntawm cov lus ntawm lub Anthem ntawm lub Soviet Union, kev ua koob tsheej ntawm yeej hnub thiab pib lub rout ntawm lub xeev, uas tau raug ncua rau ib co ntawm cov kev ua koob tsheej. Lub sijhawm los ntawm Brezhnev.

Tsis tsuas yog cov neeg, tab sis kuj cov communist lawv tus kheej tsis paub biography ntawm lub tog thawj coj ntawm lub post-Stalinist lub sij hawm. Biography Andropov yog tseem npog nrog ib tug zais cia. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv los ntawm Y. Teshkin, "Andropov thiab Lwm tus," cov duab ntawm nws niam thiab pog tau luam tawm thawj zaug, thiab nws tau hais tias leej niam lub npe hu ua Feinstein. Tsis yog hais txog pog thiab yawg. Cov ntaub ntawv Asmeskas qhia tias Andropov lub npe tiag tiag tom qab nws txiv yog Lieberman. Thaj, yog li ntawd, thaum Andropov raug xaiv los ua tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm CPSU, nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg tau txais lub pseudonym Andropov, txawm hais tias ntau xyoo dhau los txij li hnub nws tuag, tsis muaj leej twg paub.

Saib ntxiv: Chutzpah yog dab tsi?

Hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv, thaum Yeltsin raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm USSR, nws tau qhia tias nws niam yog tus kws qhia ntawv. Tsis muaj lus hais txog kuv txiv. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv tau xau mus rau cov xov xwm uas Yeltsin yog ib tus txheeb ze ntawm Trotskyist B. M. Eltsin, uas tau tso nws lub taub hau hauv xyoo 1937. Unsurprisingly, Yeltsin yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum Zionist Memorial, uas quaj ntsuag kev tuag ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas raug tua los ntawm Stalin. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog tsab ntawv qhib ntawm Yug G. Borodin, luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Volia Rossii" (No. 9, 1993), uas lifts daim ntaub rau lub sij hawm thaum tus tub Borya mus kawm ntawv. Borodin yog ib tug phooj ywg hauv chav kawm ntawm Yeltsin los ntawm chav kawm sib npaug ntawm Pushkin Tsev Kawm Ntawv hauv nroog Berezniki. Rau qee qhov nws hu Yeltsin Eltsin. Nov yog cov kab ntawm tsab ntawv no: "Nco ntsoov, Boris Nikolayevich, nws pib li cas? Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv ib tug luxurious tsev loj (thiab tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug barrack, raws li koj pleev xim rau hauv koj "Kev lees txim"), koj thiab koj cov phooj ywg Seidel, Iossel, Shkolnik, nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb nrog peb - cov me nyuam ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm (los ntawm lub barracks). Thiab ib zaug, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug me nyuam tub sib ntaus sib tua-showdown, koj pov ib tug sib ntaus sib tua grenade thiab tua Yura Krainev thiab Valya Shchapin. Tom qab ntawd koj cov ntiv tes raug muab tshem tawm, tab sis koj txiv, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev tsim kho hauv cheeb tsam, tau cawm koj ntawm qhov kev sim siab. Nws tau nthuav tawm raws li kev sib tsoo. " Thiab ntawm no, zoo li Khrushchev, Yeltsin ntxeev siab rau lub siab: kev txhawb nqa cov neeg Yudais rau tsoomfwv cov haujlwm thiab kev ntxub ntxaug txhua yam Lavxias.

Cov neeg tsis paub qhov tseeb biography ntawm lwm cov tswv cuab ntawm Politburo uas ntxeev siab rau lawv lub teb chaws: Gorbachev, Yakovlev, Primakov, Volsky, Razumovsky, Medvedev thiab lwm tus neeg uas ua txhaum ntawm lub liquidation ntawm lub USSR. Pom tau tias, lawv txhua tus muaj cov npe ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas tau tso lawv lub taub hau rau xyoo 1937. Yog lawm, lawv tus kheej tsis zais qhov tseeb tias lawv cov txheeb ze yog Trotskyists. Piv txwv li, Gorbachev tau hais txog qhov no ncaj ncees hauv kev xam phaj nrog ib tus neeg sau xov xwm.

Cov Democrats tshiab zoo li tsis muaj npe. Tab sis dua, lub hlwb muab lawv tam sim ntawd. Lawv yog neeg Yudais sab ntsuj plig thiab, raws li txoj cai, ib tug ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv yog neeg Yudais. Yog li, piv txwv li, Nemtsov. Niam lub npe hu ua Eydman. Tiamsis txiv kuj yog neeg Yudais thiab. Lub pseudonym Nemtsov tau txais los ntawm nws txiv thiab yawg, uas tau hloov nws lub xeem nyob rau hauv lub 30s. "Khakamada txiv yog neeg Nyij Pooj (nws dais nws lub xeem, nws yog qhov zoo rau nws), thiab nws niam yog neeg Yudais, uas nws ua tib zoo zais. Chubais (raws li kev sau npe tub rog thiab tub rog chaw ua haujlwm) muaj ib tug txiv Lavxias teb sab (tus neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv, tub ceev xwm), thiab ib tug neeg Yudais niam - Sagal Raisa Khaimovna. Yog li ntawd, nws tau nyob ze rau cov neeg Yudais-fascist tog "Union of Right Forces" dua li rau lwm tog "Yabloko", Yavlinsky txiv thiab niam yog cov neeg Yudais. Thiab nws tsis kam lees nws. Kiriyenko (tseem los ntawm Union of Right Forces) muaj ib tug txiv - ib tug neeg Yudais los ntawm lub npe ntawm Izraitel, tab sis nws coj nws niam lub xeem. Zhirinovsky muaj ib tug neeg Yudais txiv, Ehrenstein, thiab ib tug Lavxias teb sab niam. Zhirinovsky yog lub xeem lub npe ntawm leej niam tus txiv thib ob.

Yegor Gaidar ris lub npe ntawm nws yawg, uas nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Golikov. Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) - kws sau ntawv thiab tua neeg (thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev tsov rog pej xeem nws tua ntes cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tsis muaj kev sim siab, uas nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm tog hauv 1921). Tus poj niam ntawm Arkady Gaidar yog ib tug neeg Yudais hu ua Solomyanskaya. Yegor Gaidar nws tus kheej tau sib yuav rau ib tug neeg Yudais (tus muam ntawm cov kwv tij Strugatsky).

Saib los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb txog cov neeg uas peb hu ua kev ywj pheej, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv yog txhua tus, tsis muaj kev zam, cov neeg Yudais lossis ib nrab-neeg yug, xws li, piv txwv li, ib nrab-Fabkis-ib nrab-Jew Posner., ib nrab-Jewish ib nrab-Georgian Svanidze, ib nrab-Jew-ib nrab Lavxias teb sab Yegor Yakovlev (yav tas los editor-in-chief ntawm Moskovskiye Novosti), ib nrab-Greek, ib nrab-Jewish G. Kh. Popov (yav tas los tus kav nroog Moscow). Cov neeg Yudais kuj tsis yog cov nom tswv ywj pheej xws li S. Kovalev, S. Filatov, Kozyrev (yav tas los Minister of Foreign Affairs), Baturin, Arbatov, Y. Afanasyev (Trotsky tus tub xeeb ntxwv), F. Burlatsky, Pokhmelkin, Ivanenko, Chernichenko, Yevtushenko (lub npe tiag tiag Gangnus), Ignatenko, Pristavkin, Mark Zakharov, Zaslavskaya, Abalkin, txawm hais tias lawv muaj npe Lavxias thiab Ukrainian.

Cov neeg Yudais nkaum nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws uas lawv parasitize

A. N. Ignatiev "Lub Tsib Hlis", fragment