Chronicle Kiev, koj nyob qhov twg?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Hauv kuv cov ntawv, kuv tau rov hais dua lub tswv yim hais tias nrog niaj hnub Kiev ntawm Dnieper, tsis yog txhua yam yog qhov tsis meej thiab du raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nthuav qhia peb. Hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv yuav sim sau tag nrho kuv cov lus thov.

Peb yuav tsum pib nrog dab tsi cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ua haujlwm nrog. Qhov no yog los ntawm annals. Muaj ntau qhov tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, coj Prince Oleg. Raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo raws li Kiev Chronicle, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Oleg tuag ntawm ib tug nab thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv Kiev ntawm Mount Schekovitsa. Xyoo 912.

Raws li Novgorod Thawj Chronicle, txhua yam txawv. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Oleg tuag los ntawm tus nab tom hauv Ladoga, qhov chaw nws raug faus. Ntxiv mus, xyoo 922 tau qhia, 10 xyoo tom qab.

Novgorod Chronicle txawv ntawm Kiev Chronicle tib txoj kev uas raws li nws Oleg tsis yog Kiev tub huabtais, tab sis yog tus tub huabtais ntawm Novgorod. Kiev kav Igor. Qhov kev tsis sib xws no ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev piav qhia-kev piav qhia los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm uas nyuam qhuav tsis tau tsim txog qhov no. Kuv yuav tsis nyob ntawm no, nws yog lub sij hawm ntev heev. Muaj txog kaum tawm versions, yog tias tsis ntau. Kiev version yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev ncig hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv; lawv nyiam nyob twj ywm ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Nruab nrab ntawm Kiev ntawm Dnieper thiab Ladoga muaj 1100 km hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim, thiab tag nrho 1500 km raws txoj kev. Tsis nyob ze yuav tsum ncaj ncees. Lub chroniclers qhov yuam kev ntawm peb cubits ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog xav tsis thoob, muab nws me ntsis. Kuv kuj xav kom nco ntsoov tias hauv Novgorod Chronicle, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor ntawm Kiev tab tom ua tsov rog nrog Uglich. Thiab Uglich, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob ze Yaroslavl, ntawm tus dej Volga. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Ladoga mus rau Uglich yog ob zaug tsawg dua los ntawm Kiev mus rau Uglich. Ntawd yog, kwv yees li 500 thiab 1000 km, feem (hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj txoj kev lag luam ncaj qha los ntawm Ladoga mus rau Uglich; qhov no yog txoj kev paub zoo los ntawm Varangians mus rau Arabs (Volga-Caspian txoj kev). Qhov ntawd yog, hauv paus ntsiab lus, muaj ib yam dab tsi los tawm tsam. Tswj kev lag luam kev lag luam ib txwm yog ib qho tidbit. Rau dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no Kiev yuav tau tawm tsam nrog Uglich yog tag nrho incomprehensible, thiab feem ntau incomprehensible yog li cas cov tub rog yuav tau txais los ntawm Kiev mus rau Uglich.

Cais, kuv xav sau cov ntsiab lus uas Novgorod Chronicle qhia tias Oleg raug ib tug nab tom Ladoga ntawm txoj kev hla hiav txwv. Qhov twg Oleg tau mus rau tib lub sijhawm tsis tau teev tseg, tab sis muaj lub hiav txwv ze Ladoga. Thiab tsis yog ib qho xwb. Nyob ntawd, ntxiv rau Lake Ladoga nws tus kheej, kuj tseem muaj Hiav Txwv Baltic, thiab ncaj qha koj tuaj yeem nqa Lake Onega nrog kev nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Dawb (Arkhangelsk, thiab lwm yam). Kiev Chronicle tsis muaj qhov nthuav dav, ib yam li peb tsis paub lub hiav txwv ze Kiev ib yam nkaus. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm, thaum paub txog txoj haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm thaj chaw.

Tam sim no cia peb txav mus los ntawm annals mus rau cov duab qhia chaw. Cia wb mus saib Kiev ntawm daim ntawv qhia qub.

Ntawm no yog daim ntawv qhia ntawm Ortelius los ntawm 1570 (tag nrho cov hnub thiab cov npe yog official). Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv Is Taws Nem, daim ntawv qhia no ntawm ntau cov peev txheej tau kos npe ua daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Francois de Belfort hnub tim 1575.

Raws li peb tau pom, tsis muaj Kiev ntawm Dnieper. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj Vyshgorod (Vysehrad). Tam sim no Vyshgorod yog ib tug suburb ntawm Kiev. Coj txawv txawv, puas yog? Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau lub sij hawm princes muaj lub npe tsis yog Kiev princes, tab sis ntawm Vyshgorod, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xws li ib tug nto moo zoo li Andrei Bogolyubsky. Qhov tseeb no kuj ua rau lub siab ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm thiab ntawm qhov qhab nia no tsis muaj tsawg dua cov lus piav qhia dua li nrog Igor-Olegs.

Peb saib lwm daim npav. Ib zaug ntxiv Ortelius thiab kuj 1570, daim ntawv qhia ntawm Tebchaws Europe.

Raws li peb tau pom muaj Kiev rau nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv parallel, ob Vyshgorods tshwm sim ib zaug. Ib qho yog siab dua Kiev, lwm qhov yog downstream. Tab sis qhov tseeb, Vyshgorod yog sab qaum teb ntawm Kiev. Qhov ntawd yog hmoov phem. Ua li cas?

Ib tug tau txais kev xav tias qhov no Ortelius tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab seb Kiev yuav tsum yog thiab, yog tias muaj, qhov twg. Kuv tsis muaj kev xav txog ob lub Nroog Upper. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Vyshgorod raws li Ortelius yog siab dua li ntawm Kiev, vim nws yog Vyshgorod uas tau xav txog hauv daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb.

Cia peb saib seb peb muaj dab tsi ntxiv. 1548 xya. Tsis muaj Kiev. Thiab tsis muaj Vyshgorod.

Map ntawm 1565. Tsis muaj Kiev.

Map ntawm 1457. Tsis muaj Kiev. Nws nyob sab qab teb ntawm no. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub thiab hiav txwv Azov. Muaj tseeb, qee lub nroog raws Dnieper tau cim, tab sis peb tsis pom lub npe Kiev lossis Vyshgorod.

Map ntawm 1387. Tsis muaj Kiev.

Kuv yuav xaus rau qhov no. Tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv qhia, tab sis feem ntau qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tseeb. Peb tsis pom Kiev ntawm Dnieper ntawm ib daim ntawv qhia ua ntej tshaj li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm kuv saib npaum li cas los kuv nrhiav tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv lub lig lub sij hawm, Kiev yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper.

Los ntawm tag nrho cov no, yuav ua li cas cov lus xaus. txawv heev. Lub nroog, uas tau suav nrog 1,500-xyoo keeb kwm, qhov tseeb, tsis xav txog ntawm daim duab qhia chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm tib daim ntawv qhia qub, peb pom cov nroog paub zoo rau peb. Ntawm Belfort thiab Ortelius, ntawm lwm yam, Kholmogory thiab Solovki thiab lwm yam tsis yog li ntawd tseem ceeb kev sib hais haum yog qhia. Thiab tsis muaj peev ntawm Kievan Rus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug tej yam Vyshgorod tshwm sim raws li ib tug thawj.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav rau lwm yam Kiev? Raws li nws tau muab tawm, peb tuaj yeem pom qee yam zoo sib xws. Koj puas paub qhov twg? Nyob ze Ladoga. Tam sim no nyob qhov twg St. Petersburg. Muaj xws li Swedish daim ntawv qhia, officially hnub tim 1678. Ntawm nws, lub qhov ncauj ntawm Neva tau kos npe ua Kiev (Kief lossis Kiel).

Nov yog daim ntawv luam ntawm qee daim npav qub. Hauv Swedish. Lawm, tag nrho cov npe raug kho. Muaj ib qho zoo sib xws hauv Izhora thiab Lavxias. Nws yog hu ua Geographical Drawing ntawm Izhora Av. Thiab rau qee qhov laj thawj nws hnub rov qab mus rau 1704.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm St. Petersburg, kuj muaj lwm qhov chaw npe reminiscent ntawm ancient Kiev. Piv txwv li, lub zos ntawm Kuyvozi, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm Kuivosha. Nws tseem nthuav tias "Lavxias teb sab" hauv Finnish tseem suab zoo li kuivo lossis kaivo. Ntawd yog, lub qhov ncauj ntawm Neva kos npe rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Finns thiab Swedes yog cov lus sib txawv ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Los yog Russia thaj av. Thiab feem ntau yuav muaj ib zaug ib qho chaw Lavxias teb sab, uas yog, Kiev. Antediluvian Kiev. Thaum laus Kiev mus rau hauv lub abyss (raws li kuv xam, nws yog feem ntau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 13-14 centuries), ib tug revived nws nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam lus piav qhia. Kiev yog kifa, thiab kifa yog pob zeb. Thiab Peter kuj yog ib lub pob zeb. Ancient Arabic thiab Ancient Greek. Los ntawm txoj kev, Yexus tis npe Petus, nws tus khub (tus thwjtim, tus tubtxib), Cephoi. Petersburg, raws li koj paub, yog tag nrho cov ua los ntawm granite, pob zeb, tib lub nroog xws li nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj Kiev grad (Kif los yog lwm yam lus), Petrov grad los ua. Hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub - Pob zeb City.

Tam sim no cia peb rov qab mus rau Vyshgorod. Yog tias peb coj Novgorod Chronicle ua lub hauv paus, ces tag nrho cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia tau tig mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Qhov no yog Uglich, qhov no yog Novgorod, qhov no yog Pskov, qhov no yog Kiev ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Neva, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias Vyshgorod yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Puas yog logical? Ces cia wb mus nrhiav. Thiab peb yuav pom nws! Muaj ib lub nroog zoo li no, Kingisepp. Nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam. Yav tas los, nws raug xa mus rau Yam, Yama, Yamburg, Yamgorod. Lub nroog no nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej Luga. Muaj ib lub fortress qub. Ntxiv mus, lub fortress no muaj ob contours, qub thiab tshiab, ib tug nyob rau hauv lwm yam. Qhov tshiab yog qhov tseeb kuj, officially nws kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Tab sis tus qub. Tus qub tsis paub leej twg thiab thaum twg tsim. Tab sis qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias nws muaj lub npe Vyshgorod, los ntawm txoj kev, mus txog rau tam sim no. Ntawm no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub fortress. Lub fortress me nyob rau hauv yog Vyshgorod.

Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Kuj tseem muaj Vyshgorod hauv cheeb tsam Pskov. Los ntawm txoj kev, los ntawm muaj Princess Olga, Igor tus poj niam. Yog lawm, Kuv mam li txiav txim siab, tsawg tus neeg paub tias nws tau los ua Olga tsuas yog thaum nws tau sib yuav, thiab hauv Pskov, raws li ib tug ntxhais, nws raug hu los ntawm lub npe zoo nkauj ntawm Preslav. Yog li ntawd, Pskov Vyshgorod kuj yog ib tug fortress, uas sawv ntawm tus dej Lada. Lub keeb kwm ntawm no Vyshgorod yog tsis tshua muaj vague, tab sis nws yog heev ancient. Leej twg txaus siab nyeem tau ntawm no. Los ntawm txoj kev, nco ntsoov Vladimir Putin cov kab lus nto moo txog luav pob ntseg? Tias ib tug yuav mus txog ntawd. Yog li qhov no tsuas yog hais txog Pskov Vyshgorod. Latvia thov cov av no thiab thov kom lawv los ntawm Russia.

Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho. Muaj ntau Vyshgorods, raws li nws tau muab tawm. Kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv Tallinn. Ib feem ntawm Tallinn qub tseem hu ua Vyshgorod. Tallinn yog lub npe hu ua qub Lavxias teb sab nroog ntawm Revel. Thiab tag nrho cov no nyob rau sab hnub poob, deb heev ntawm Kiev ntawm Dnieper, tab sis heev ze rau Pskov, Novgorod, Ladoga thiab Kiev ntawm Neva. Xwb, Kiev ntawm tus dej Tosna, rau lub Neva yuav tshwm sim tom qab, thaum tig ntawm lub 17th thiab 18th centuries, thiab yuav ua raws li lub Tosna River txaj. Koj puas paub dab tsi yog qhov ntes? Qhov tseeb hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv Tallinn Vyshgorod, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov castles lub Estonian parliament yog zaum. Ntawm no yog cov khoom.

Tam sim no nws paub tseeb tias yog vim li cas Andrei Bogolyubsky thiab lwm yam princes muaj lub npe ntawm Vyshgorodsky, thiab tsis Kievsky. Vyshgorod tsis yog ib tug suburb ntawm Kiev nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper, raws li niaj hnub nom tswv historians xav, tab sis yog ib lub nroog ywj pheej, ib thaj av ywj pheej. Muaj tseeb, koj tseem yuav tau txiav txim siab nws qhov chaw nyob. Tab sis raws nraim dab tsi yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper.

Ntawm no kuv tawm mus.