Blue Peacock - yuav ua li cas cov neeg Askiv tau npaj kom tawg lub teb chaws Yelemees

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws tau xav tias qhov tawg ntawm cov mines nuclear "yuav tsis yog tsuas yog rhuav tshem cov tsev thiab cov qauv hauv thaj chaw loj, tab sis kuj tseem tiv thaiv nws txoj haujlwm vim muaj hluav taws xob sib kis ntawm thaj chaw." Raws li lub foob pob hluav taws xob ntawm cov mines, British Blue Danube atomic foob pob (Blue Danube) tau siv. Txhua lub mines tau loj heev thiab hnyav tshaj 7 tons. Cov mines yuav tsum tau pw tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv German av - yog li ntawd, lawv cov corps tau nqa tawm xyaum tsis qhib. Thaum qhib, txhua lub mine yuav detonate 10 vib nas this tom qab ib tug neeg tsiv nws, los yog lub siab thiab av noo nyeem ntawv yuav hloov.

Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 2004, Lub Tebchaws Archives ntawm Great Britain tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv: thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias, cov neeg Askiv tau mus siv Blue Peacock nuclear foob pob, ntim nrog qaib nyob, tawm tsam cov tub rog Soviet. Lawm, txhua leej txhua tus xav tias nws yog ib tug tso dag. Nws hloov tawm tias muaj tseeb.

"Qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg tseeb," said Robert Smith, tus thawj coj ntawm xovxwm rau British National Archives, uas qhib Lub Xeev Secret, ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub xeev secrets thiab British tub rog secrets nyob rau hauv 1950s.

"Kev pabcuam pej xeem tsis yog dag," hais rau nws tus npoj yaig Tom O'Leary.

Yog li ntawv xov xwm New Scientist tau lees paub qee qhov tseeb: nws tau tshaj tawm cov lus hais txog British nuclear warhead rau lub Xya Hli 3, 2003.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab tso cov foob pob atomic rau Nyij Pooj, ces British Prime Minister Clement Attlee tau xa ib daim ntawv zais saum toj kawg nkaus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Lub Zog. Attlee tau sau tias yog tias Tebchaws Askiv xav kom muaj lub zog loj, nws xav tau kev tiv thaiv muaj zog uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub nroog loj rau hauv av. British nuclear riam phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li secrecy uas Winston Churchill, uas tau rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 1951, xav tsis thoob li cas Attlee muaj peev xwm mus nkaum tus nqi ntawm lub foob pob los ntawm parliament thiab cov pej xeem zoo tib yam.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 500, thaum lub post-ua tsov ua rog daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no twb nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hwm los mus rau ib tug bipolar tswv yim ntawm confrontation ntawm lub communist sab hnub tuaj thiab lub capitalist sab hnub poob, kev hem thawj ntawm ib tug tshiab tsov rog loomed nyob teb chaws Europe. Lub hwj chim sab hnub poob tau paub txog qhov tseeb tias USSR muaj ntau dua lawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv phom sij, yog li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam yuav tsum yog riam phom nuclear - sab hnub poob muaj ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau kev tsov rog tom ntej, British secret enterprise RARDE tau tsim ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm mines uas yuav tsum tau tso tseg rau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas lawv yuav tsum tau thim rov qab los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm lub communist hordes. Lub mines ntawm txoj haujlwm no, hu ua Blue Peacock, yog, qhov tseeb, cov foob pob hluav taws xob zoo tib yam - tsuas yog npaj los nruab rau hauv av, thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua.

Cov nqi yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa cov tub rog ua ntej - ntawm txoj kev loj loj, hauv qab choj (hauv cov qhov dej tshwj xeeb), thiab lwm yam tub rog rau ob lossis peb hnub.

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1953, thawj lub foob pob hluav taws xob, Blue Danube, nkag mus rau Royal Air Force. Ib xyoos tom qab, Danube tau tsim lub hauv paus rau txoj haujlwm tshiab hu ua Blue Peacock.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw vim nws qhov kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau nuclear (thiab tsis tsuas yog) cov pa phem. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias leej twg, ntawm qhov siab ntawm Tsov Rog Txias, cov neeg Askiv suav tias yog tus yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm - Soviet Union.

Nws yog nws "nuclear offensive" uas lawv txhawj xeeb tos thiab xam qhov kev puas tsuaj ua ntej. Cov neeg Askiv tsis muaj kev xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 3: kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws xob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yuav sib npaug rau txhua lub foob pob tawg rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Fabkis thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

12 lab tus tib neeg tuag hauv thawj vib nas this, ntxiv 4 lab raug mob hnyav, huab cua lom mus ncig thoob tebchaws. Qhov kev kwv yees tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas nws tsis tau qhia rau pej xeem txog xyoo 2002, thaum cov ntaub ntawv mus txog National Archives.

Lub pob zeb nuclear ntawm Blue Peacock project hnyav txog 7.2 tons thiab yog ib qho zoo nkauj steel lub tog raj kheej, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug plutonium core puag ncig los ntawm detonating tshuaj explosives, raws li zoo raws li ib tug complex electronic filling nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd. Lub zog ntawm lub foob pob yog li 10 kilotons. Cov neeg Askiv tau npaj faus kaum lub mines nyob ze cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Yelemes sab hnub poob, qhov chaw uas cov tub rog Askiv nyob, thiab siv lawv yog tias USSR tau txiav txim siab los tawm tsam. Cov mines yuav tsum detonate yim hnub tom qab qhib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem raug rho tawm deb, los ntawm qhov deb txog li 5 km. Cov cuab yeej tseem tau nruab nrog lub kaw lus los tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm kuv qhov kev sim: txhua qhov kev sim qhib lossis txav lub foob pob hluav taws xob yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg tam sim.

Thaum tsim cov mines, cov neeg tsim khoom tau ntsib qhov teeb meem tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub foob pob nyob rau lub caij ntuj no qis. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, nws tau thov kom siv lub plhaub insulating thiab … qaib. Nws tau xav tias cov qaib yuav raug phab ntsa hauv ib lub mine nrog rau kev muab dej thiab pub. Ob peb lub lis piam, cov qaib yuav tuag, tab sis lawv lub cev kub yuav tau txaus los ua kom sov kuv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txog cov qaib tau paub tom qab declassification ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Blue Peacock. Thaum xub thawj, txhua leej txhua tus xav tias nws yog lub Plaub Hlis Fools cov lus tso dag, tab sis Tom O'Leary, tus thawj coj ntawm UK National Archives, tau hais tias "nws zoo li kev tso dag, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lus dag …"

Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj ntau cov qauv siv cov iav ntaub plaub zoo tib yam.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-fifties, qhov project culminated nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ob tug ua hauj lwm prototypes, uas tau ua tiav kev sim, tab sis tsis tau sim - tsis muaj ib tug nuclear mine twb detonated. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1957, cov tub rog Askiv tau txiav txim siab tsim kaum lub mines ntawm Blue Peacock project, npaj yuav muab lawv tso rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees raws li kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me tsim los tsim hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tib lub xyoo, tsoomfwv Askiv tau txiav txim siab kaw qhov project: lub tswv yim ntawm kev zais cov riam phom nuclear nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub tebchaws tau suav tias yog kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pab tub rog. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov mines hem England nrog kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv, yog li ntawd, qib ntawm kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm Blue Peacock project tau suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg siab.

Ib daim qauv "me qaib nqaij qaib" tau ntxiv rau cov keeb kwm sau los ntawm tsoomfwv lub Tsev Haujlwm Atomic Weapons.

Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, cov xov xwm txawv teb chaws tau tshaj tawm hais tias cov tub rog ntawm USSR tau npaj siv cov mines nuclear los npog ciam teb nrog Tuam Tshoj. Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, yog hais txog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Moscow thiab Beijing.

Thiab yog li ntawd thaum ntawd. Thaum muaj kev tsov rog ntawm PRC thiab nws cov neeg zej zog sab qaum teb, cov hordes tiag tiag yuav maj nrawm rau hauv nws thaj chaw, suav nrog kev tsim ntawm Cov Neeg Liberation Army ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab cov tub rog - minbing. Tsuas yog tom kawg, peb nco ntsoov, muaj ntau tshaj li tag nrho cov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Soviet. Yog vim li ntawd nyob rau ciam teb sib cais USSR los ntawm Celestial faj tim teb chaws, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntau tso tsheb hlau luam khawb rau hauv av, nws twb liam tias yuav mus rau lub installation ntawm nuclear mines. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm, raws li Asmeskas cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab qub tub ceev xwm Soviet Mark Steinberg, tig 10-kilometer seem ntawm thaj tsam ciam teb rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Nws paub tias sappers tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm mining thiab demining, cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub tank mines, foob pob tawg, plhaub thiab lwm yam gizmos txaus ntshai heev. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg tau hnov tias nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Soviet muaj zais sapper units rau tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj, tsim los tshem tawm cov foob pob nuclear.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov chav nyob no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias, cov tub rog Asmeskas hauv Tebchaws Europe tau tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg rau hauv qhov dej tshwj xeeb. Lawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm NATO thiab Warsaw Pact Lub Koom Haum ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tank tawg mus rau Askiv Channel (Pentagon npau suav phem nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd!). Txoj hauv kev mus rau lub foob pob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem npog nrog cov minefields.

Lub caij no, cov pej xeem nyob rau tib lub teb chaws Yelemees sab hnub poob, piv txwv li, nyob thiab tsis paub tias muaj ib lub qhov dej nrog cov riam phom Asmeskas nyob ze. Xws li cov pob zeb ua pob zeb, txog li 6 meters tob, tuaj yeem pom hauv qab choj, ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam, txoj cai ntawm txoj kev loj thiab ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Lawv feem ntau tau npaj ua pawg. Ntxiv mus, banal-saib hlau npog ua rau cov dej hauv nuclear xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov kav dej zoo tib yam.

Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj kev xav tias hauv qhov tseeb tsis muaj av qeeg tau teeb tsa hauv cov qauv no, lawv tsis muaj dab tsi thiab cov mos txwv atomic yuav tsum tau txo qis nyob rau ntawd tsuas yog thaum muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj - hauv " Lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm" raws li cov lus siv tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

Cov tub ceev xwm tshawb nrhiav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nuclear foob pob tau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Soviet tank chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws hauv xyoo 1972. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov koog no paub cov qauv ntawm atomic "hellish machines" thiab muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov sappers, uas, raws li koj paub, ua yuam kev ib zaug, yeej tsis tso cai ua yuam kev ntawm no.

Cov av hauv Asmeskas no suav nrog M31, M59, T-4, XM113, M167, M172 thiab M175 nrog TNT sib npaug ntawm 0.5 mus rau 70 kilotons, koom ua ke raws li cov ntawv luv ADM - Atomic Demolition Munition. Lawv yog cov khoom hnyav hnyav hnyav los ntawm 159 txog 770 kilograms. Thawj thiab hnyav tshaj ntawm cov av mines, M59, tau txais los ntawm US Army rov qab rau xyoo 1953. Rau kev teeb tsa lub foob pob hluav taws xob, Tebchaws Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv Tebchaws Europe muaj cov sapper tshwj xeeb, xws li 567th Engineering Company, uas cov qub tub rog txawm tau txais lub vev xaib nostalgic hauv Is Taws Nem.

Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm tej zaum foe, muaj lwm yam kab txawv nuclear riam phom. "Green Berets" - cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, cov tub ceev xwm - cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm sib sib zog nqus, "navy seals" - saboteurs ntawm US naval tshwj xeeb txawj ntse tau raug cob qhia los tso tshwj xeeb me me nuclear mines, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv yeeb ncuab hauv av, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab lwm lub xeev ntawm Warsaw Pact. Nws paub tias cov mines no yog M129 thiab M159. Piv txwv li, M159 nuclear mine muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 68 kilograms thiab lub zog, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho, 0.01 thiab 0.25 kilotons. Cov mines no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1964-1983.

Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm muaj lus xaiv nyob rau sab hnub poob hais tias lub American txawj ntse lub koom haum tau sim siv ib tug kev pab cuam rau kev txhim kho portable xov tooj cua tswj nuclear foob pob nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union (tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv loj lub zos, cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv hydraulic systems, thiab lwm yam).. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov chav nyob ntawm American nuclear saboteurs, lub npe hu ua Green Light ("Green Light"), tau ua kev cob qhia, thaum lub sij hawm lawv kawm nteg nuclear "dub tshuab" nyob rau hauv hydroelectric dams, tunnels thiab lwm yam khoom kuj resistant rau "pa" nuclear. foob pob tawg.

Thiab yog dab tsi txog lub Soviet Union? Ntawm chav kawm, nws kuj muaj xws li txhais tau tias - qhov no tsis yog ib tug zais cia. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm General tau ua tub rog nrog cov mines tshwj xeeb nuclear RA41, RA47, RA97 thiab RA115, cov khoom tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1967-1993.

Cov lus hais saum toj no Mark Steinberg ib zaug tau tshaj tawm txog qhov muaj nyob rau hauv Soviet pab tub rog ntawm cov khoom tawg yooj yim ntawm RYa-6 knapsack hom (RYa yog nuclear knapsack). Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm, ib tug qub pej xeem ntawm lub USSR sau: "Qhov hnyav ntawm RYA-6 yog hais txog 25 kilograms. Nws muaj tus nqi thermonuclear, uas yog siv thorium thiab californium. Tus nqi fais fab sib txawv ntawm 0.2 mus rau 1 kilotons hauv TNT sib npaug: Lub mine nuclear yog qhib los ntawm kev ncua sij hawm ua haujlwm fuse lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv tswj chaw taws teeb ntawm qhov deb txog li 40 kilometers. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ob peb non-neutralization systems: vibration, optical, acoustic thiab electromagnetic, yog li nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm nws los ntawm lub installation site los yog neutralize nws."

Yog lawm, thiab tom qab tag nrho, peb cov sappers tshwj xeeb tau kawm los ua kom tsis muaj zog Asmeskas atomic "infernal machines". Zoo, txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog tshem koj lub kaus mom mus rau cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab cov kws tsim txuj ci uas tau tsim riam phom zoo li no. Peb kuj yuav tsum tau hais txog cov ntaub ntawv tsis meej txog qhov raug liam (cov lus tseem ceeb hauv tsab xov xwm no) cov kev npaj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj los cog kev puas tsuaj rau cov mines hauv thaj chaw ntawm silo launchers ntawm Asmeskas ICBMs - lawv yuav tsum tau tshwm sim tam sim tom qab tso tawm. foob pob hluav taws, rhuav tshem nws nrog kev poob siab yoj. Txawm hais tias nws yeej zoo li zoo li James Bond ua yeeb yaj kiab. Rau xws li "counterforce bookmarks" yuav xav tau txog ib txhiab, uas ib tug priori ua rau cov kev xav no xyaum unrealizable.

Ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Russia, qhov kev sib tsoo nuclear ntawm ob lub tebchaws twb tau muab pov tseg lawm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub tebchaws United States thiab lub USSR (Russia) tso tawm ntau tshaj 600 thiab txog 250 me me lub hnab ev ntawv-hom nuclear riam phom rau tshwj xeeb rog, feem. Qhov kawg ntawm lawv, Lavxias teb sab RA115, raug rho tawm hauv xyoo 1998. Nws tsis paub tias lwm lub teb chaws puas muaj qhov zoo sib xws "dub tshuab". Cov kws tshaj lij qub qub pom zoo tias feem ntau yuav tsis yog. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias tib lub Tuam Tshoj, piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv cov kev tsim thiab kev xa tawm - kev tshawb fawb, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm Celestial Empire yog qhov txaus rau qhov no.

Thiab qee tus kws tshaj lij xav tias North Kauslim yuav muaj nws lub foob pob nuclear cog rau hauv qhov tunnels khawb ua ntej. Txawm tias cov adherents ntawm Juche lub tswv yim yog txawj masters ntawm lub underground tsov rog.