Veto onomastics hauv keeb kwm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

“Kuv coj mus rau tej lub zos uas raug ntiab tawm, Kuv tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev quaj ntsuag nyob mus ib txhis, Kuv tab tom coj lawv mus rau tiam neeg ploj”…

(Dante "Lub ntuj raug txim" Song 3)

Tag nrho cov keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab mus txog rau thaum xyoo pua 19th pib los ntawm Kiev Synopsis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov uas yog dominated los ntawm ob tug nyiam: Orthodox (kev cai raus dej) thiab lub teb chaws (Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo), historians ntxiv ib tug thib peb, lub xeev-monarchical. "Synopsis" tsis muaj zog qhia lub hwj chim ntawm Moscow autocracy, tab sis historians los ntawm XIV-XV centuries twb tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub spell ntawm lub xeev lub tswv yim Moscow.

Tag nrho plaub tus kws tshawb fawb loj ntawm lub xyoo pua no, Tatishchev, Shcherbatov, Boltin, Lomonosov, yog cov neeg muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov thawj coj loj uas paub txog tsoomfwv thiab, sawv cev, kawm keeb kwm Lavxias. Nws yog qhov xwm txheej no uas muab nws tus kheej sib txawv thiab meej lub cim rau ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm thiab txoj hauv kev uas lawv xav: lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv influences thiab kev xav txog lub xeev tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sijhawm. Kev vam khom loj heev ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg censorship uas dominated Russia yuav tsum tsis txhob overlooked.

Keeb kwm-kawm txog Karamzin (Bantysh-Kamensky, Stroyev, Kalaydovich, Vostokov, Metropolitan Eugene thiab lwm tus) ntseeg hais tias nws tseem ntxov dhau los sau keeb kwm tag nrho ntawm Russia kom txog thaum cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tau sau, ntxuav thiab luam tawm. Tab sis lawv cov hauj lwm thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, zoo li tau poob rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm "luminaries" keeb kwm.

Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm noob neej zoo li tau tshwm sim ib txhij nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab cov keeb kwm pre-Christian tsuas yog txhais raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm phau Vajlugkub mythology. Cov npe cuav ntawm cov neeg tau ua ke nrog cov lus dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm noob neej, los ntawm cov kab ke ntawm kev faib noob neej rau hauv cov haiv neeg tseem nyob hauv "khoom" ua haujlwm. txhob txwm tshaj tawm los yog ntau tshaj compilationally, tag nrho cov no yog multiply thiab ntau historians tau sim tsa nws, sau ntau yam theories ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov neeg no, lawv xaiv haum chronicle ntawv ntawm dubious keeb kwm thiab tsim ntau yam kev xav uas tsis muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov thiab, raws li hypotheses., ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.

Ob lub ntsiab creators ntawm keeb kwm yog xwm thiab txiv neej. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej, ib tug monistic worldview tsuas yog nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub mythology tsis muaj feem xyuam rau kev xyaum.

“Tau paub koj tus kheej” - nyeem cov ntawv sau ntawm lub tuam tsev Delphic. Qhov tseeb no tau pom los ntawm txhua tus neeg, thiab ntawm txhua tus neeg peb pom qhov kev xav tau rau kev kawm tiav thiab kev kawm txog lawv tam sim no thiab yav dhau los: dab tsi tau suav tias yog ib qho kos npe ntawm cov nyiaj pab kawm ntawv lossis cov tib neeg, tam sim no tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom ntiag tug. Keeb kwm, statistical, ethnographic tseeb yog tas li hais nyob rau hauv kev sib tham: lawv txhawb thiab refute tag nrho cov kev txiav txim.

Hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug raug nthuav tawm, feem ntau adorned nrog lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau ntawv lawv tus kheej, muab tso ua ke ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis raug nrog cov npe txawv teb chaws thiab haiv neeg muaj keeb kwm. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev loj tshaj plaws rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm thiab rau cov neeg nyeem. Daim ntawv qhia geological ntawm Central Asia yog thaj chaw fertile rau nthuav tawm cov npe cuav hauv onomastics.

Piv txwv li: lo lus "Turan" nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Central Esxias hom lus yog txhais raws li "abode", lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus - "tour" yog txhais ua lus Turanian li "nres, sawv, qhov chaw". Kuv tshwj xeeb siv lo lus "Turan", uas yog keeb kwm ncaj ncees thiab raug cai! Lo lus "Turkestan" thiab "Turkisms …, Reklu), txawm hais tias qhov tseeb autochthons nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Central Asia yog cov neeg tseem nyob hauv cheeb tsam no.

Ob tug dej loj ntawm Central Asia tau rov hais dua nyob rau hauv keeb kwm annals li: "Yak-sart" thiab "Oxus", lub mythological phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Alexander lub Great yog txhawb los ntawm Greek historians nyob rau hauv cov npe nrog ib tug "Greek accent". Thiab lub npe tiag tiag ntawm cov dej no yog dab tsi, uas yog muab los ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm cov cheeb tsam no? Nyob rau hauv cov lus Persian thaum ub tsuas muaj peb lub suab: "a, u, y", ib hom lus uas dhau los ntawm Turan thaum ub, yog li tsab ntawv "Kuv" tsis yog ntawm Turanian keeb kwm. Syr-Darya - "Ak-Sart" thiab Amu-Darya - "Ak-Su", uas zoo ib yam nrog cov lus tseeb hauv cov lus Turanian. "Sart" nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov dialects ntawm cov lus Turanian yog txhais ua "liab", "Ak" - lub teeb, dawb. Thiab lo lus "Ak-Sart" yog raws li txhais ua "daj" dej. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov tub lag luam nyob sab Europe tau mus rau "Ntaub thiab silk fabrics" mus rau "daj" dej, uas nyob rau hauv Central Asia (!!!), Ib qho ntxiv tsis meej pem thiab nyuaj to taub cov ntsiab lus hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej yog onomastics ntawm tib neeg thiab xeev. Lub teb chaws Latin, lub teb chaws Ottoman ntawm Alexander lub Great, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov lus hais lus, xam meej meej rau qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe los tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov dab neeg no.

Nov yog luv luv excerpts los ntawm ntau lub ntiaj teb thiab Lavxias teb sab chronicles:

"Adalbert ntawm Trier los ntawm Benedictine Order nyob rau hauv Trier, ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Otto kuv, mus nyob rau hauv 961 rau Russia mus rau lub Grand Duchess Olga mus tshaj tawm cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg" …

"Titmar ntawm Merseburg sau txog kev mus ntsib Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir Bruno ntawm Kverfursky ntawm txoj kev mus rau Pechenegs" …

"Pavel Aleppsky sau txog Kev Taug Kev ntawm Patriarch ntawm Antioch rau Russia" …

"Vsevolod Aleksandrovich, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Kholmsky, rov qab mus rau Tver los ntawm Horde, ntsib hauv Bezdezh nrog nws tus txiv ntxawm, Vasily Mikhailovich, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kashinsky, uas yuav mus rau Horde nrog cov khoom plig nplua nuj, thiab nyiag nws " …

"Abu-Hamid-Andalusi (Andalusian, Mev), tus neeg taug kev Arab uas tau mus xyuas lub tebchaws ntawm Volga Bulgarians hauv xyoo pua 12th. Nws txoj kev taug tsis tau mus txog peb, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv Arab Qazvini tau hais tawm los ntawm nws "…

Cov tsib excerpts no muaj li cas? Dab tsi koom lawv hauv kev nthuav tawm peb keeb kwm?

- Tsis muaj lus hais txog lub tebchaws, haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg! Ua ntej tshaj tawm cov ntawv luam tawm, txog rau thaum xyoo pua XIV, tsis muaj kev faib haiv neeg rau hauv haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. Cov xeev tsis muaj ciam teb, tib neeg nyob hauv txhua hnub, txhua hnub, sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, "heroes" ntawm cov keeb kwm yog nrog los ntawm cov lus ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob.

Pavel Aleppsky los ntawm Aleppo, Abu-Hamid-Andalusi los ntawm Andalusia, peb kuj paub los ntawm keeb kwm: tus philosopher Al-Farabi los ntawm Farab, mathematician Mohamed Ibn-Musa Al-Khorezmi los ntawm Khorezm, Ahmed Al-Fergani los ntawm Fergana. Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub peb nrhiav tau hom haiv neeg: Bukhara tub lag luam, Indians los ntawm Indus, Athenians los ntawm Athens, Genoese los ntawm Genoa, Venetians, Romans, thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov no tau raug khaws cia hauv keeb kwm, nws yog txaus los nyeem lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab huab tais, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov haiv neeg tau hais meej meej, tsis hais lawv haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov nroog teev npe: - Peb (lub npe), huab tais thiab autocrat ntawm. Tag nrho Russia, Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod thiab Tsar Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberian thiab kaum ob lub nroog, thiab xaus nrog lub npe: - Sovereign ntawm Kartalin thiab Georgian vaj, Cherkassk thiab Roob princes.

Cov Slavs qee zaum raug txheeb xyuas nrog cov Scythians, tom qab ntawd lawv tau tsim los ntawm Sarmatians, cov Russians tau coj los ntawm Sweden los ntawm Normans, Varangians; tom qab ntawd los ntawm thaj av Baltic los ntawm Borussians (Prussians); los ntawm Urals lawv tsim los ntawm Huns thiab Budins, los ntawm Caucasus los ntawm Ross-Alans, Scythians, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog superficial, ib tug innuendo - mus nkaum hais tias qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe coj qhov chaw los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg kuj tau tsim los ntawm qhov chaw nyob, piv txwv li, lub nroog qub, "poob" hauv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm Russia, lub nroog Slovensk, nyob rau ntawm Lake Ilmensky, nws cov neeg nyob hauv "Glory, Slavs", lub nroog Slovensk. Lub nroog ntawm Bulgar sib raug rau cov neeg - "Bulgars". Cov tub lag luam uas tuaj yuav furs cim lawv qhov chaw nyob: - "los ntawm huab" los yog hauv cov lus hauv zos "los ntawm huab". Lub Don steppe yog tus ciam teb kawg ntawm tib neeg ua ntej kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Tebchaws Europe.