Yuav ua li cas Belarus tau rov qab los tom qab tsov rog

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1944, thaj chaw ntawm Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau tso tawm tag nrho los ntawm Red Army los ntawm cov neeg invaders, cov lus nug ntawm kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm thaj av tau tshwm sim ntawm qib kev sib koom ua ke. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv - tsom mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Belarus, raws li nws yog plaub xyoos dhau los, los yog kom rov tsim dua lub koom haum, ua kom nws ua ib pawg engineering. Raws li koj paub, peb nres ntawm qhov thib ob.

Thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas: ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, BSSR yog thaj tsam ciam teb nyob ib sab ntawm lub xeev uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua - Poland. Ciam teb ntawm BSSR hla 30 kilometers ntawm Minsk. Vim li no, nws tau ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm Polish aggression, lub taub hau txuas ntxiv yuav raug ntes sai sai los ntawm Poles, lossis yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav - thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev tsim kho hnyav hauv tebchaws.

Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm 1944, qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Txij li thaum xyoo 1939, thaj chaw ntawm BSSR tau nthuav dav ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm Western Belarus, thiab Poland yog ib lub xeev cov phooj ywg. Belarus tau pom nws tus kheej "hauv qab", tab sis tsis sib sib zog nqus, tab sis nruab nrab. Qhov no yog dab tsi coj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias thaj chaw ntawm lub koom pheej tau pib hloov pauv sai sai hauv txoj kev lag luam.

Lawm, qhov project xav tau kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag loj. Thiab lawv tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1944, cov nyiaj pab los ntawm tag nrho cov-Union pob nyiaj siv rau lub Belarusian ib tug nqi rau 327 lab rubles, i.e. yuav luag 94 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov peev nyiaj ntawm BSSR. Nyob rau hauv 1945, 1 billion 200 lab rubles tau faib los ntawm tag nrho cov-Union pob nyiaj siv rau lub Belarusian ib.

Tsuas yog Ukraine tau nyiaj pab ntau dua (1 billion 500 lab). Lwm lub tebchaws Soviet tau txais tsawg dua: Moldavian thiab Estonian SSRs - 300 lab txhua tus, Lithuanian thiab Latvian SSRs - 200 lab txhua tus, Karelo-Finnish SSR - 80 lab. Yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov luaj li cas ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus, nws hloov tawm hais tias nws yog lub BSSR uas tau txais cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj los ntawm lub union pob nyiaj siv.

Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob - tom qab tag nrho, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm BSSR thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog xyoo yog qhov loj heev. Nyob rau hauv ruins nteg 209 ntawm 270 lub nroog thiab lub regional chaw, 9200 lub zos thiab lub zos, tshaj 10 txhiab lub lag luam. Nyob rau hauv 1944, kev lag luam yog nyob rau theem ntawm 1928, thiab nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab lub zog - nyob rau theem ntawm 1913.

Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Belarus tau pib txawm tias ua ntej nws tiav kev ywj pheej, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1943. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev lag luam ntawm kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb thiab cov uas muab cov pej xeem nrog cov khoom tsim nyog tau rov qab los. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944, Gomel chav locomotive thiab cib factories tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, thaum Lub Yim Hli - Gomselmash cog.

Ib hlis tom qab kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk, 13 lub lag luam hauv lub peev tau muab cov khoom lag luam. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, 72 lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob twb tau ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945, 8,000 lub chaw tsim khoom thiab 4,000 artels thiab rhiav tau ua haujlwm hauv BSSR.

Cov lus nug ntawm nws txhais tes cov qub factories raug tsa los ntawm lub ruins thiab tshiab factories tau tsim yog superfluous - tau kawg, cov no yog cov txhais tes ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos, uas, feem ntau malnourished, staggering los ntawm tsis muaj kev pw tsaug zog, selflessly ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub restoration. Piv txwv li, txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Minsk City Council, txhua tus pej xeem Minsk yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau hnub so thiab sijhawm dawb 30 teev hauv ib hlis los tsim kho lub nroog. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg tawm ntawm cov haujlwm no - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv mus nrog kev xyiv fab.

Tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov colossal pab muab rau lub BSSR los ntawm tag nrho cov Soviet Union, thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov los ntawm lub loj tshaj plaws thiab richest koom pheej - lub RSFSR. Tom qab tag nrho, Belarus tsis muaj txhua yam, thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg. Xyoo 1945, tsuas yog 45 feem pua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus lej ua ntej ua tsov rog ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam ntawm tebchaws.

Qhov seem 55 feem pua tsuas yog cov uas mus rau BSSR rau kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, lawv tsis pom lub tebchaws Belarusian ua ib hom "neeg txawv teb chaws" koom pheej, uas, rau qee yam, xav tau kev txhawb siab. Cov no yog cov neeg Soviet, thiab lawv selflessly ua hauj lwm kom revive lub Soviet av.

Ntawm cov lag luam, qhov tseem ceeb tau muab rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw lag luam loj - tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb.

Tom qab tag nrho, lawv cov khoom xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Tias yog vim li cas MAZ-205 pob tseg tsheb thauj khoom tau los ua thawj MAZ cov khoom nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1947 - tom qab tag nrho, nws yog lub tsheb thauj khoom uas xav tau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. MAZ-200 flatbed tsheb yuav mus rau hauv ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1950.

MAZ-205

Ntawm chav kawm, nws yog unrealistic rau tswv tsheb ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub puas Minsk los ntawm kos. Yog li ntawd, Yaroslavl tau los ua qhov chaw yug ntawm Minsk tsheb. Yaroslavl Automobile Plant tau tsim ib qho qauv tshiab, thawj Soviet diesel pob tseg tsheb YaAZ-205 (tsuas yog 103 ntawm cov tshuab no tau tsim hauv Yaroslavl), thiab xa nws cov khoom mus rau Minsk.

Sab nraud, Lavxias teb sab YaAZ thiab Belarusian MAZ txawv tsuas yog hauv cov cim (Yaroslavl dais thiab Belovezhskiy bison) thiab radiator grill (YaAZ muaj kab rov tav, thiab MAZ muaj ntsug). Lawm, Yaroslavl cov kws tshaj lij tau pab lawv cov npoj yaig Belarusian hauv kev paub tus qauv tshiab. Thiab lub conveyor ntawm MAZ tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Gorky.

Thaum xub thawj, lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov cav tov tau nqa tawm ntawm adapted "tshis". Qhov no tsis tau tso cai los muab cov nqi xav tau. Ib pawg neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj txog sai sai los ntawm Gorky Automobile Plant tau coj los ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv. Nrog nws lub community launch, lub niaj hnub zus tau tej cov tsheb quadrupled, mus txog rau 30 lub tsheb pib dov tawm ntawm lub rooj sib txoos kab, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo 1945 - mus txog 60 thiab ntau dua (ces MAZ kuj sib sau Studebakers los ntawm American tsheb teeb).

Kev tsim kho ntawm MTZ 1947

Ib zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws yog nrog Minsk Tractor Plant. Qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim nws tau ua nyob rau hauv 1946, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd MTZ tau tshaj tawm tias tag nrho-Union poob siab tsim ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov chaw muag khoom ntawm cov tshuab thiab khoom siv, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau nyob los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Moscow.

Lawv tau tsim cov kab tsis siv neeg, cov tshuab semi-automatic, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tshiab, thiab ntau yam khoom siv. Cov neeg muag khoom kuj tseem yog cov tuam txhab lag luam ntawm Kiev, Gorky, Kuibyshev, Izhevsk thiab lwm qhov chaw lag luam. Leningraders tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag CHP.

Hauv thawj ob xyoos ntawm 4th tsib-xyoo txoj kev npaj MTZ tau txais 1,675 daim ntawm cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob txhiab Belarusian cov tub thiab cov ntxhais raug xa mus kawm ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Kharkov, Rubtsovsk. “Nyob zoo cov phooj ywg! Los rau peb, - caw cov Stalingraders. - Koj yuav tau txais kev pabcuam dav dav hauv kev nrhiav tau sai ntawm kev tsim nyog.

Peb yuav pab koj paub cov txheej txheem, muab tso rau hauv koj lub tshuab pov tseg, cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qhia peb cov kev paub dhau los. " Locksmith LM Skorobogatov, uas tau mus rau Stalingrad, qhia nws cov kev xav nrog nws cov phooj ywg hauv lub tebchaws: "Raws li cov tub, peb, Belarusians, tau txais los ntawm cov qub tswv ntawm Stalingrad tsheb laij teb. Lawv qhia peb tej txuj ci tshwj xeeb, qhia peb txoj kev ua haujlwm siab heev."

Ntau lub tuam txhab Belarusian tau ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv los ntawm RSFSR. Yog li, ua tiav cov khoom siv tau muab rau Minsk tsheb kauj vab thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, Minsk, Vitebsk thiab Gomel iav factories, Mogilev artificial fiber Hoobkas thiab Orsha flax Hoobkas.

Pib nrog thawj lub tswv yim tsib xyoos ntawm Belarusian (1951-55), cov chav kawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam complex tau hloov mus rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, nce kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam teeb, kev lag luam khoom noj, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb.

Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm yuav luag ob npaug ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau hauv 1951-1955, 150 loj industrial lag luam thiab ntau tshaj 200 nruab nrab thiab me tuam txhab uas muag tau commissioned nyob rau hauv Belarus. Ntawm lawv yog Minsk Bearing thiab Saib Cov Nroj Tsuag, cov nroj tsuag hauv xov tooj cua, cov cuab yeej siv cua sov, lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lub tshuab xaws hauv Orsha, cog suab thaj hauv Skidel, Vitebsk silk-weaving Hoobkas thiab lwm yam.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev npaj tsib xyoos, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm industrial ntau lawm ntau tshaj ob npaug, thaum lub predominant kev loj hlob ntawm hnyav kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus. Kev tsim cov tsheb thauj khoom tau nce los ntawm 5, 4 zaug, cov tshuab ua haujlwm hlau - los ntawm 2, 4 zaug, hluav taws xob - los ntawm 2, 5 zaug. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov peat, linen fabrics, flax fiber, plywood, lub BSSR coj 2 qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Tom qab tsov rog, kev sib raug zoo infrastructure pib nquag txhim kho. Los ntawm xyoo 1949, lub network ntawm cov tsev kho mob tau rov qab ua tiav, uas tau muab cov cuab yeej kho mob tsim nyog. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, 252 lub tsev menyuam ntsuag tau tsim, kwv yees li 27 txhiab tus menyuam raug coj los rau hauv lawv.

Lawv tau muab zaub mov kub, khaub ncaws thiab khau pub dawb. Xyoo 1947, daim npav noj zaub mov raug tshem tawm hauv tebchaws, kev tsim vaj tsev muaj zog tau pib, thiab thaum pib xyoo 1950, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas poob lawv lub ru tsev saum lawv lub taub hau thaum ua tsov ua rog tuaj yeem txav los ntawm dugouts mus rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus. ib ntus barracks.

Tom qab tsov rog, tsis tsuas yog lub nroog thiab cov zos nteg nyob rau hauv ruins, tab sis kuj kev kawm, kab lis kev cai, science. Tag nrho cov no tau raug rov qab los ntawm kev sib tw colossal. Los ntawm 1951, 12,700 lub tsev kawm ua haujlwm hauv BSSR, suav nrog 230 lub tsev kawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab 714 lub tsev kawm rau cov hluas nyob deb nroog. Cov koom pheej Soviet kuj tau koom tes pab txhawb kev txhim kho tsev kawm ntawv kev lag luam, muab Belarus nrog cov cuab yeej siv thiab pab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.

Ntawm 25 lub tsev kawm ua ntej ua tsov ua rog ntawm BSSR los ntawm 1945, 22 tau ua haujlwm. Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshiab kuj tshwm sim. Theatrical thiab hav zoov institutes, ib tug pedagogical lub koom haum ntawm txawv teb chaws lus tau qhib nyob rau hauv Minsk.

Lub koom haum Brest Pedagogical, Grodno Pedagogical Institute, Grodno Agricultural Institute, Belarusian Institute of Railway Engineers hauv Gomel kuj tau tsim. Tsis tas yuav hais, ntau tus kws tshaj lij nrog kev kawm qib siab tuaj rau BSSR los ntawm RSFSR thiab lwm lub koom haum koom pheej.

Hauv kev xaus, peb nco ntsoov tias kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm BSSR, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yog ib qho ntawm cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog - thiab ib txoj haujlwm uas tau ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.

Qhov tseeb, xyoo 1944-54, lub koom pheej tshiab tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm BSSR qub, thiab kev nrawm nrawm tau muab rau nws muaj zog heev uas nws txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1980.

Qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua tsov rog ua ntej BSSR mus rau hauv lub tebchaws muaj zog muaj zog yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet. Zoo li ntau pua txhiab tus neeg pab los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws USSR, uas tsis muaj kev mob siab rau kev kho kom nrawm ntawm lub tebchaws kev lag luam ntawm BSSR.