Yav dhau los Virtual: Keeb Kwm ntawm Ancient Cave Paintings

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Muaj ib qho chaw hauv Kuzbass qhov chaw uas cov pob zeb paintings ua tsib lossis rau txhiab xyoo dhau los tau khaws cia. Lawv tswj tsis tau tsuas yog khaws cia, tab sis kuj hloov mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub sib tham sib tsev cia puav pheej.

Ib me ntsis sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog Kuzbass nyob rau hauv Yashkinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Kemerovo muaj ib lub zos nrog ib tug txawv txawv lub npe - Pisanaya. Cov neeg hauv zos hais tias nws tsuas yog lub npe hu ua tib yam li tus dej hauv zos. Tab sis muaj lwm cov lus dab neeg - lub zos hu ua li ntawd vim hais tias muaj cov pleev xim rau pob zeb uas pom tau nyob rau ntawd - sab xis saum toj ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm Tom River.

Ntawm cov pob zeb loj muaj txog 300 daim duab kos, qhov ntxov tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv Neolithic era thiab tau ua nyob rau hauv IV-III txhiab xyoo BC. Cov duab ntawm cov noog thiab cov tsiaj yog carved rau ntawm pob zeb, ntau yam rituals yog depicted.

Tam sim no nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no yog Tomskaya Pisanitsa Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej-tsim pov thawj ntawm pob zeb kos duab hauv Siberia thiab yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej niaj hnub sib tham hauv Kuzbass. Tab sis thawj yam ua ntej.

300 xyoo dhau los

Cov keeb kwm pom thawj zaug ntawm cov pob zeb sau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, nplooj siab rau qhov pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Siberia. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib txwm ua raws li keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm no monument txij li xyoo pua 18th, thaum thawj zaug kev tshawb fawb ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences tau teeb tsa los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Peter I.

"Nyob rau hauv 1721, thaum lub sij hawm kev kawm ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm Daniel Messerschmidt, lub pob zeb paintings ntawm lub Tomsk Pisanitsa twb xub piav thiab sketched, los ntawm lub sij hawm no nws yog suav hais tias yog pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kos duab ntawm no monument,"hais tias Irina Abolonkova, lub taub hau. ntawm lub tuam tsev scientific thiab nthuav tawm ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve ".

Xyoo 2021, thaum Kuzbass yuav ua kev zoo siab rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm Kuzbass coals, Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve yuav ua kev zoo siab rau lwm hnub - 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa.

Scribble nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai

Txawm li cas los xij, Kuzbass pleev xim rau pob zeb tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau Anatoly Martynov, ib tug archaeologist, kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Natural Sciences.

Nws pib kawm lub monument ntawm primitive kos duab nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, sim, ua ke nrog rau lwm yam archaeologists, unravel lub ntsiab lus thiab secrets ntawm lub pob zeb paintings.

"Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Anatoly Ivanovich nyob rau hauv 1988, Tomskaya Pisanitsa Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve tau tsim. Qhov no yog thawj lub teb chaws precedent rau museumification ntawm lub pob zeb kos duab monument," hais Irina Abolonkova txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, lub pob zeb sau rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Tom yog tsis muaj li lawm: los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm, cov me nyuam los ntawm cov zos nyob sib ze tuaj khiav ntawm no, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj uas tau hnov txog qhov chaw zoo nkauj no.

Muaj tseeb tiag, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsawg tus neeg nkag siab txog dab tsi keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis raug sau los ntawm no. Lub pob zeb twb yog ib tug monument ntawm archaeology thiab nws tau ciaj sia, tab sis cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi siv lawv cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov duab kos, yog li ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub monument. Hauv ib lo lus, cov duab qub qub yuav tsis muaj sia nyob yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb qub qub tsis tau tiv thaiv cov chaw tshwj xeeb no 30 xyoo dhau los.

Cov kab ntawm cov tsiaj tsis pom

Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj cov neeg ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv tau tshwm sim hauv Paleolithic era - txog 25 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tab sis lawv feem ntau yos hav zoov mammoths, tab sis lawv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tau ua yeeb yam ntau pua xyoo tom qab - hauv Neolithic era, VI-IV txhiab xyoo BC. e., thiab bronze, IV-II txhiab xyoo BC. e., nws yog rau lub sijhawm no uas cov kws sau keeb kwm qhuas txog pob zeb paintings ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Kuzbass.

"Petrified Epic" - qhov no yog li cas nws kuj yog kev cai hu rau cov duab kos rau ntawm cov pob zeb pleev xim, muaj txog 300 ntawm lawv nyob ntawm no, thiab txhua zaj dab neeg muaj nws cov dab neeg khov. Txawm tias zoo li primitivism ntawm cov duab, lawv tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim.

"Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau yam txuj ci: embossed, kos nrog cov kab zoo tshaj plaws, polished, muaj txawm tias pleev xim rau," hais tias ib tug neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej hais txog cov pob zeb kos duab, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov phiaj xwm thiab lawv cov phab ej, uas yog lub ntsiab lus. elk ua. Lub cim ntawm pob zeb painting no muaj nyob ntawm no feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau yam artistic variations.

"Muaj ntau cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm moose ntawm Tomsk scribble," lees paub Irina Abolonkova.

Cov poses ntawm cov tsiaj kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: lawv txhua tus stride dav ntawm ntev ntev ntev ceg, zoo li yog nce toj txoj kab nqes ntawm lub roob.

"Cov duab kos no qhia txog kev muaj tiag tiag tiag, paub meej tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam thaum ub tau paub zoo li cas ntawm cov tsiaj. Bears kuj tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau zoo ib yam nkaus. Siberia thiab Urals, raug suav hais tias yog ib tug vajtswv uas lawv khi lawv cov keeb kwm, "hais tias Abolonkova.

Cov noog tsiv teb tsaws - herons, cranes, ducks - khov hauv lawv lub davhlau ntawm pob zeb. Cov duab ntawm lawv txhua tus yog ua tau zoo heev thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xav txog tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas los ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub pob zeb monolithic. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov no, cov kab yog nyias, zoo nkauj, tag nrho cov plumage yog ua filigree. Ib qho ntawm cov duab no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

"Peb muaj owl ntawm lub logo ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa, nws tau dhau los ua ib hom kev mus xyuas daim npav ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, pom tau zoo heev. Qhov no tsis yog kos duab tsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov petroglyphs ntawm pob zeb, ua. Nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txawv txheej txheem. daim ntawv ntawm me me potholes ", - qhia Abolonkova.

Hauv qee lub qhov tsua paintings, koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov dab neeg qhia txog lub neej, lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab lawv lub sijhawm.

"Nkoj nrog schematic cov duab ntawm" rowers ", piv txwv li, qhia txog ib tug mythological zaj dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg tuag raug thauj mus rau lub mythical av ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv, hostess ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej exposition txhais lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim ntawm lub pob zeb..

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias keeb kwm ntawm pob zeb painting rov qab mus rau ntau txhiab xyoo thiab cov kws tshawb fawb-archaeologists tau tshawb xyuas cov chaw no ntau tshaj ib zaug, cov duab kos tshiab tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntawv sau. Lwm qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua tsis ntev los no.

Raws li Ilya Arefiev, tus lwm thawj coj ntawm Tomskaya Pisanitsa Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve rau kev tshawb fawb, tau hais tias, lub caij nplooj zeeg kawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej tau thaij duab ntawm cov dav hlau rocky los ntawm dej siv lub lens telephoto thiab nrhiav pom cov duab kos duab tshiab uas twb paub lawm ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa. Cov duab elk yog fragmentary thiab NW nyuam qhuav nyeem tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov silhouettes kab ntawm cov xim thaum ub tau pom.

"Peb pom lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb loj ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa, uas tau pom los ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas hauv tsev cia puav pheej, thiab ib pawg ntawm cov duab kos ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Pisana," said Arefiev.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob: qhov chaw no nkag tsis tau, ntawm ob sab nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm pob zeb nqis los rau hauv dej, uas yog vim li cas lub bay me me tau tsim ntawm no. Tau txais ntawm no raws ntug dej hiav txwv tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm tus dej.

"Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov duab kos tsis zoo heev, lawv muaj zog heev, nyob rau hauv siab heev los ntawm hauv av thiab tsis muaj kev nkag mus ncaj qha rau lawv. Nws muaj peev xwm mus rau lub dav hlau tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom nce toj," Arefiev hais.

Virtual yav dhau los

Cov neeg tuaj xyuas hauv tsev cia puav pheej yuav tsis tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm no: nws txaus ntshai heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem tuaj yeem pom cov duab kos pom nyob rau hauv cov chaw no - ua tsaug rau qhov muaj tseeb tiag.

"Peb tab tom ua haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias nrog kev pab ntawm augmented reality technology, txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem pom cov duab pob zeb hauv cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws los ntawm smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog lub monument uas cov duab kos nyob ntawd. Ua tsaug rau digitalization, nws yuav tuaj yeem pom txawm tias cov petroglyphs tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nyem thiab tau paub tsuas yog ob peb tus petroglyphists, "hais tias Ilya Arefiev.

Lub digitalization ntawm petroglyphs yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub Kultura lub teb chaws project, ib tug ntawm cov hauj lwm uas yog precisely lub creation ntawm xws virtual digital versions ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej expositions thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws. Thawj qhov kev mus ncig ua si nrog kev qhia xov tooj ntawm tes virtual ntawm Pisanitsa tau npaj yuav muaj lub caij nplooj zeeg no, tab sis txawm tias ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau qhov xwm txheej nthuav thiab tshawb pom tau npaj rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws thiab cov qhua.

Lub Tomsk Pisanitsa nyob rau hauv Kuzbass tau ntev lawm accustomed mus rau tsis yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej. Nws yog lub tiaj ua si keeb kwm thiab ntuj tsim nrog thaj tsam ntawm 156 hectares.

Cov pob zeb sau tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw muaj tib lub vaj tsiaj nyob ruaj khov hauv Kuzbass, qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem pom txog 70 tus tsiaj thiab noog, lub zos Shor tiag tiag thauj los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Blizhny Kezek los ntawm ethnographer Valery Kimeev., sib tham sib exhibition complexes uas tso cai rau cov qhua hauv tsev cia puav pheej rau koj tus kheej yav dhau los, tsis yog kov nws xwb.

Tsis ntev los no, qhov kev sib tham sib tham tshiab "Hunter's Camp" tau qhib ntawm no.

"Qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg txog kev yos hav zoov Siberian thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses Siberian, uas txhua tus tuaj yeem plunge, rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm 150-200 xyoo dhau los, kawm yuav ua li cas tua hluav taws, raws li peb cov yawg koob tau ua, tua hneev, ntsib thiab sib txuas lus. Nrog ib tug tiag tiag Siberian neeg yos hav zoov., uas yuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv Siberia txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 17th ", - qhia txog lub tshiab exposition Ilya Arefiev.

Taug kev ncig lub tsev khaws puav pheej, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob li cas, mus saib lub tsev nyob ntawm lub tsev zoo-ua Shor hauv cov vaj tsev tsim kho tshiab nrog cov khoom siv tiag tiag, saib mus rau hauv Mongolian yurt thiab plunge mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej. Mongols, lossis koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau yav dhau los nyob deb dua - mus rau II txhiab xyoo BC e. Reconstructed lub tsev ntawm lub Bronze Age thiab lub hnub nyoog hlau tseem nyob rau ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa thiab visually paub cov qhua nrog txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov nyob deb eras.

"Lub xyoo dhau los, peb tau sim kom deb ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg tuaj xyuas - kev ncig ua si, kev hais kwv txhiaj - thiab qhia txog kev sib tham sib cuam tshuam hauv cov xwm txheej kab lis kev cai. Peb muaj keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab tej yam ntuj tso tsev cia puav pheej -reserve, peb ib txwm tau thiab yuav koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, tab sis peb kuj tsim cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi nyob rau hauv parallel kom txaus siab rau peb cov qhua, - Ilya Arefiev qhia ib tug niaj hnub lub zeem muag ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej lub tswv yim - Txhua leej txhua tus tau siv los xav tias ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib yam dab tsi kaw tom qab iav, qhov twg koj kov tsis tau dab tsi. Txhua yam txawv nrog peb, muaj ntau yam kev sib tham sib tham, hnub so. museum."