Vim li cas Hall tus neeg soj xyuas Askiv tau tso lub foob pob nuclear rau USSR?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws tsis tau txais ib daim dime los ntawm KGB. "Kuv tsuas yog hlub Lenin," tom qab nws lees paub.

Muaj ib zaug muaj ib tug pog nyob rau sab qab teb London - ib tug dandelion ntawm Vajtswv hu ua Melita Norwood. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev, yuav ntawm credit rov qab rau hauv 1937, nws loj hlob paj thiab ci pies. Cov neeg zej zog suav hais tias tus poj niam laus yog tus tsiaj zoo tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias muaj quirks: Granny tau hais txog kev khuv leej rau cov tswv yim ntawm kev ntseeg thiab ua rau txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem sau npe rau sab laug-tis Morning Star ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis xyoo 1999, cov neeg sau xov xwm tuaj khiav mus rau tus poj niam laus lub tsev. Nws muab tawm hais tias qhov no "ntxim hlub dandelion" rau 40 xyoo spied tawm tsam nws lub teb chaws - Great Britain - nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub USSR. Xyoo no, "poj liab liab" yuav muaj 100 xyoo.

Neeg soj xyuas tus tuav ntaub ntawv

Nws nyob hauv nws thaum ntxov 20s thaum nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm British Association rau Txoj Kev Kawm Ntawm Cov Hlau Tsis-Ferrous. Muaj Norwood pom Andrew Rothstein - ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Communist Party ntawm Great Britain. Nws txoj kev xaiv yog ib puas feem pua. Melita tsis paub dab tsi txog kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tab sis siv tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koom haum dhau los ntawm nws txhais tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws, tus ntxhais ntawm ib haiv neeg ntawm USSR, ib tug Russified Latvian, yog ib tug ardent communist. Cov tub ceev xwm NKVD muab tus ntxhais nrog lub koob yees duab me me. Nws yog nrog nws tias nws tau thaij tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev txawj ntse.

Tab sis tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm soj ntsuam zoo, Melita yuav tsum tau "mothballed". Nws tau ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm ntawm Woolwich Arsenal tub rog cog. Peb ntawm lawv tshwm sim xyoo 1938, raug ntes thiab raug liam tias ntxeev siab rau Niam. Tom qab ntawd ib phau ntawv tseem ceeb heev poob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm British counterintelligence, nyob rau hauv uas cov npe ntawm Soviet neeg soj xyuas, nrog rau Norwood, tau sau ua lus code. Melita nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm kev tuag. Tab sis … British counterintelligence tub ceev xwm muaj peev xwm decipher tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Melita lub npe tseem raug cais tawm.

Ob peb lub hlis tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim muaj npe nrov, Norwood tau tso cai ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Nws yog nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2 thiab tom qab kev yeej, cov haujlwm ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv - tus nas grey - tig tawm los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau USSR. Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Cov Hlau Tsis-Ferrous, uas cov neeg soj xyuas ua haujlwm, yog ib lub koom haum ua haujlwm hauv "Tunnel Alloys" project - kev tshawb fawb ntawm nickel thiab tooj liab, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim kom tau txais isotopes ntawm uranium- 235 thiab tsim lub foob pob atomic. Ua tsaug rau lub tswv yim Melita, tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg Askiv tau tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv Soviet kev tsim kho, thiab tsoomfwv ntawm USSR paub ntau ntxiv txog lub foob pob hluav taws hauv tebchaws Askiv tshaj li cov haujlwm hauv tebchaws United Kingdom. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Clement Attlee kuj paub txog qhov project. Nws categorically txwv tsis pub txhua tus kws tshawb fawb hais txog "Tunnel rafting" ntawm tsoomfwv cov rooj sib tham, sib cav tias cov ntaub ntawv zais cia tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau leej twg. Attlee tsis txawm xav tias "leej twg tau txais", uas yog Norwood, twb tau pab USSR los npaj rau kev tawg ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv xyoo 1949, thiab cov neeg Lavxias tuaj yeem ua qhov no 3 xyoos ua ntej tshaj li Askiv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm Melita "kev dag ntxias" rau Great Britain. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv me me ua tau zoo nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov kws tshawb fawb mus rau hauv qib ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Pawg Sab Laj.

"Tus neeg saib xyuas kev qhuab qhia thiab ncaj ncees uas ua txhua yam hauv nws lub hwj chim los pab Soviet txawj ntse," KGB cov tub ceev xwm tau sau rau hauv Norwood cov ntaub ntawv. Melita qhov kev sib cuag yog Ursula Burton, lub npe menyuam yaus Sonya, yog ib tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv Soviet neeg soj xyuas network hauv Great Britain. Nrog nws, Halla - lub npe tog ntawm Melita - ntsib incognito nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj suburbs ntawm London.

Interestingly, twb nyob rau hauv 1945, British counterintelligence tau ntseeg hais tias Melita Norwood yog ib tug neeg soj xyuas Soviet. Tab sis cov kev pabcuam zais cia nrhiav tsis tau ib qho pov thawj ntawm qhov no. "Providence ua rau kuv muaj kev nyab xeeb," Norwood sneered.

Qhov txawv tshaj plaws yog qhov tseeb tias Melita Norwood, uas ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau qhov zoo ntawm USSR, tsis siv nyiaj los yog phaus rau nws txoj haujlwm nrog KGB. "Kuv ua haujlwm tsuas yog rau lub tswv yim, kuv nyiam cov neeg Lavxias, tab sis kuv mob siab rau zais nws. Kuv tau hlub Lenin,”Melita tom qab lees paub. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas "poj niam liab" tau lees paub los ua kev ris txiaj rau kev ntxeev siab ntawm Niam Txiv yog lub neej nyiaj laus ntawm 20 phaus hauv ib hlis thiab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Red Banner, uas nws tau txais txiaj ntsig, ntawm chav kawm, zais cia.

Tsis tau nrog nws mus

"poj niam ntawm Soviet txawj ntse" tau nthuav tawm tag nrho los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Nyob rau hauv 1992, ib tug KGB archivist Vladimir Mitrokhin txiav txim siab los npaj nws lub neej zoo. Rov qab rau xyoo 1970, thaum cov neeg tshawb nrhiav raug thauj mus rau lub tsev tshiab hauv Yasenevo cheeb tsam nroog, Mitrokhin tuaj yeem luam tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv sib cais nyob rau hauv kev kub ntxhov. Tus neeg ntxeev siab tau muab cov ntaub ntawv zais cia, zais lawv hauv khau boots thiab thom khwm. Nws faus cov khoom muaj nqis uas muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov thawv txhuas ntawm nws lub dacha thiab tos hauv tis rau yuav luag 20 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, lub enterprising Mitrokhin muab lub tebchaws United States mus yuav lub archive los ntawm nws. Tab sis cov neeg Amelikas tsis ntseeg tus kws sau ntawv thiab tsis kam lees. Tab sis nyob rau hauv UK nws tau txais nrog qhib caj npab. Mitrokhin coj tawm ntawm Russia rau lub thawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv npog cov kev ua ub no ntawm Soviet txawv teb chaws txawj ntse los ntawm 1930 mus rau 1980. Mitrokhin, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub "poj liab liab", yog suav rau ib tug nqi zog. Cov neeg tawg rog tau txais kev ua pej xeem Askiv, "lub tsev hauv tebchaws" thiab nyiaj laus rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Thiab British counterintelligence tau kawm ntau yam nthuav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tawm los ntawm Mitrokhin, ntawm lwm cov tub ceev xwm uas spied ntawm lub USSR, lub npe ntawm Melita kuj tau teev. Ib tug scandal tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub British Parliament. Cov thawj coj tau thov kom tus poj niam muaj hnub nyoog 87 xyoo raug kaw kom nws them tag nrho rau qhov kev ntxeev siab ntawm 40 xyoo. Tab sis tus Minister ntawm Sab hauv Jack Straw, uas yog ib tug neeg Askiv tiag tiag, tseem nyob twj ywm tsis muaj zog, nws tsis kam lees " tsim txom kuv pog ntawm kev hwm rau nws cov plaub hau grey." Norwood nws tus kheej xav tsis thoob li qhov tau tshwm sim: “Kuv xav tias kuv tau nrog nws mus. Yog tias lawv kaw kuv, kuv yuav thaum kawg nyeem Marx … "Nws yeej tsis hloov siab lees txim ntawm qhov nws tau ua:" Kuv xav kom Russia tuaj yeem hais lus nrog rau sab hnub poob ntawm qhov sib npaug. Kuv tau ua txhua yam no vim kuv xav kom cov Russians raug tawm tsam sai li sai tau thaum tsov rog nrog Germans dhau lawm. Rov qab rau xyoo 1939, Chamberlain xav kom Soviet Union raug tawm tsam, nws yog tus uas thawb Hitler mus rau sab hnub tuaj … Kuv tau ua qhov kuv tau ua, tsis yog vim nyiaj txiag, tab sis tiv thaiv kev swb ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab, uas tau them nyiaj. dearly muab rau cov tib neeg uas pheej yig zaub mov thiab kev thauj mus los, kev kawm thiab kev noj qab haus huv … Raws li cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, kuv yuav ua ib yam ntxiv."

Cov neeg nyob ze ntawm tus pog qab zib, tsis zoo li nws tus ntxhais 50 xyoo, uas tau qw: "Kuv tsis paub kuv niam kiag li!", Melita tsis raug rau txim. Lawv tseem luag ntxhi thiab tos txais ib leeg thiab zoo siab coj Morning Star ntawm nws.