Rau lub duav thiab lub qhov cub! Slavic ceremony ntawm ci cov me nyuam

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nco ntsoov tus phem Baba Yaga, leej twg muab Ivanushka rau ntawm lub duav thiab xa nws mus rau qhov cub? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib tug ncha ntawm lub ancient rite ntawm "ci ib tug me nyuam", uas, txawm nws antiquity, yog heev tenacious thiab nyob rau lwm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, los yog ntev dua …

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm ethnographers thiab historians, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov kev ua no, uas muaj ntau heev ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv.

Piv txwv li, Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin raug rau nws thaum yau, raws li V. Khodasevich, uas tso peb biography ntawm classic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tsis qhia nyob rau ntawd.

Yog li, "ci me nyuam" yog ib qho kev cai qub. Hauv qee qhov chaw, lawv tau siv rau nws thaum yug ntxov ntxov, me nyuam mos, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm rickets ("dub laus"), atrophy thiab lwm yam kab mob. Hauv lwm tus, txhua tus menyuam yug tshiab raug xa mus rau qhov cub. Vim li cas? - Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb yuav tham txog.

Nws ntseeg hais tias yog ib tug me nyuam yug ntxov ntxov, yog hais tias nws tsis muaj zog los yog mob, nws txhais tau hais tias nws tsis "ripe" nyob rau hauv niam lub plab mog. Thiab yog hais tias yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los coj nws mus rau lub "tseem ceeb mob" thiaj li hais tias nws tsis tsuas ciaj sia, tab sis kuj tau txais qhov tsim nyog tseem ceeb. ntiaj teb triune: saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ntiaj teb thiab tom qab lub neej, nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv. Yog li ntawd, lawv tig mus rau nws pab cawm ib tug me nyuam muaj mob, tib lub sij hawm, yug ntawm ib tug me nyuam yog piv rau ci qhob cij, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub classical version ntawm "ci" tus me nyuam yog pre-coated nrog rye (thiab xwb. rye) ua khob noom cookie, tawm hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg xwb los ntawm nws.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub khob noom cookie, los ntawm txoj kev, kuj tsis yooj yim, tab sis nyob rau hauv dej coj thaum kaj ntug los ntawm peb lub qhov dej, nyiam dua los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob.!) lub qhov cub uas tsis muaj hluav taws. Hauv qee qhov chaw nws tau tso siab rau tus kws yug menyuam, hauv lwm tus - rau niam nws tus kheej, hauv lwm tus - rau tus poj niam hlob hauv lub zos.

Kev ci tsis tau ua ib leeg thiab yeej ib txwm nrog cov lus tshwj xeeb. Tab sis yog hais tias tus me nyuam mos (nrog tus pab cuam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm tus me nyuam los ntawm lub duav), nws yog txaus rau mumble ib yam dab tsi zoo li: "Los, stick, aub laus", ces nyob rau hauv lwm yam teeb meem nws yuav tsum tau ib tug yuav tsum sib tham ntawm. cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem.

Nws lub ntsiab lus tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus hais, allegories, tab sis kuj txhawb lub atherosclerosis nyob rau hauv uas nws yog tsim nyog los xa thiab xa rov qab tus me nyuam los ntawm lub qhov cub kom nws yuav tsis suffocate. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias raws li lub ritual nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib tug shovel ntawm leej niam, ces tus niam tais tuaj yeem sawv ntawm qhov rooj. Nkag mus hauv tsev, nws nug tias: "Koj ua dab tsi?" Tus ntxhais teb tias: "Kuv ci ncuav" - thiab nrog cov lus no nws tsiv lub duav mus rau hauv qhov cub. Tus niam tais hais tias: "Zoo, ci, ci, tab sis tsis quilts" thiab tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj, thiab niam txiv muab rab chais tawm ntawm qhov cub.

Ib qho kev sib tham zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog tus poj niam uas, tau taug kev ncig lub tsev pheeb suab peb zaug nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm lub hnub, sawv hauv qab lub qhov rais thiab ua tib qho kev sib tham. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee zaum niam tau sawv hauv qab lub qhov rais, thiab tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cub. Muaj cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm "ci" tus menyuam los ntawm dryness, ua los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov pre-revolutionary niaj hnub sau ntawv, uas xaus nrog "muag" ntawm tus me nyuam, thiab tus kho yuav coj nws mus rau hmo ntuj thiab ces rov qab. rau niam.

“Thaum ib tag hmo, thaum lub qhov cub txias, ib tug ntawm cov poj niam nyob nrog tus menyuam hauv lub tsev pheeb suab, thiab tus kws kho mob tawm mus rau hauv lub vaj. Lub qhov rais hauv lub tsev pheeb suab yuav tsum qhib, thiab chav tsev yuav tsum tsaus.- Koj muaj leej twg, dab laug, hauv lub tsev pheeb suab? nug tus kws kho mob ntawm lub vaj - Kuv, txiv plig - (hu nws lub npe) - Tsis muaj leej twg? thawj tus tseem nug - Tsis yog ib tug, lus xaiv, oh, tsis yog ib tug; thiab khi rau kuv iab iab, cov khoom tsis zoo qhuav - Yog li koj, txiv plig, muab pov rau kuv! qhia tus kws kho mob - Kuv yuav zoo siab txiav tawm tab sis kuv tsis tuaj yeem, Kuv tuaj yeem hnov nws hauv pej xeem - Tab sis vim li cas? - Yog hais tias kuv muab nws cov qias neeg pov tseg, ces tus me nyuam-me nyuam yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg: nws zaum nrog nws - Yog, koj, me nyuam, ci rau hauv qhov cub, nws yuav tawm ntawm nws, cov lus qhia ntawm tus txiv plig. tau hnov."

Tom qab ntawd, tus me nyuam muab tso rau ntawm lub khob cij spade thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov cub. Tus kws kho mob poj dab, uas nyob hauv vaj, khiav ncig lub tsev thiab ntsia ntawm lub qhov rais, nug: "- Koj yog dab tsi, txiv plig, ua dab tsi? - Kuv ci kua zaub qhuav <…> - Thiab koj, godfather, saib, koj yuav tsis ci Vanka ib yam nkaus - Thiab ua li cas? - teb tus poj niam, - thiab kuv yuav tsis khuv xim Vanka, yog hais tias tsuas yog kom tshem tau ntawm nws, ib tug bitch. "Cia nws, thiab muag Vanka rau kuv." Ces tus kws kho mob hla peb kopecks tawm ntawm lub qhov rais, thiab leej niam ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab muab ib tug me nyuam shovel rau nws. Qhov no tau rov ua peb zaug, tus kws kho mob, tau khiav ncig lub tsev pheeb suab thiab txhua zaus rov qab tus menyuam mus rau niam los ntawm lub qhov rais, hais txog qhov tseeb tias nws "hnyav". "Tsis muaj dab tsi noj qab nyob zoo, koj yuav coj nws" - nws teb thiab rov muab tus menyuam rau ntawm duav. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob coj tus menyuam mus tsev, nyob qhov twg nws siv hmo ntuj, thiab thaum sawv ntxov rov qab los rau nws niam.

Qhov kev cai qub qub no tau nthuav dav ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm Eastern Europe, ob qho tib si Slavic thiab tsis yog Slavic, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg ntawm thaj av Volga - Mordovians, Chuvash. Muab ib tug me nyuam tso rau hauv qhov cub, raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm ib txwm tshuaj, tau dav siv los ntawm ntau haiv neeg nyob sab Europe: Poles, Slovaks, Romanians, Hungarians, Lithuanians, Germans. Pre-revolutionary ethnographer thiab ethnographer V. K. Magnitskiy nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev piav qhia ntawm lub qub Chuvash txoj kev ntseeg" sau: "Qhov no yog li cas, piv txwv li, lawv kho cov me nyuam lub thinness. Tus menyuam muaj mob tau muab tso rau ntawm lub duav npog nrog ib txheej ntawm khob noom cookie, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog lub khob noom cookie rau saum, tawm tsuas yog qhib rau lub qhov ncauj. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob peb zaug tus me nyuam mus rau hauv lub qhov cub hla cov hluav taws kub peb zaug. Tom qab ntawd, raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv ethnographer P. V. Denisov, tus me nyuam "raug pov los ntawm lub duav los ntawm lub clamp mus rau qhov chaw pib, qhov twg tus dev noj lub khob noom cookie uas npog tus me nyuam." Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem no, kuv nyeem ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus hais lus phem.

Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau lub ci rite. Qee lub sij hawm tus me nyuam tau smeared nrog mov paj, ib tug shovel nqa nrog nws tshaj embers los yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov cub txias. Tab sis txhua leej txhua tus muaj ib qho zoo sib xws: yuav tsum tau ntawm lub khob cij shovel thiab hauv qhov cub, ua lub cim ntawm hluav taws. Tej zaum, nyob rau hauv no pagan txheej txheem, ib tug yuav tsum pom echoes ntawm ib qho ntawm feem ancient rituals - purification los ntawm hluav taws. Feem ntau, qhov no zoo li ib hom tawv tawv (kub-txias), uas txhawb nqa lub cev los tawm tsam tus kabmob. Raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm cov neeg laus, txoj kev "ci" tau siv rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, tom qab ntawd tus menyuam yuav tsum tuag lossis rov zoo. Nws tshwm sim tias tus me nyuam tuag ua ntej lawv muaj sij hawm los muab nws tshem tawm ntawm lub duav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, niam tais hais rau nws tus ntxhais quaj tias: "Yuav tsum paub, nws nyob tsis tau, tab sis yog nws raug kev txom nyem, nws yuav dhau los ua, koj paub, muaj zog npaum li cas tom qab ntawd." …

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub "ci" rite twb revived nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Raws li kev nco qab ntawm ib tug neeg nyob hauv lub zos Olkhovka V. I. Valeev (yug xyoo 1928), thiab nws tus tij laug Nikolai kuj tau "ci". Nws tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942. Nws tus tij laug tsis yog tsuas yog nyias, tab sis kuj nrov thiab capricious. Nyob rau hauv lub zos tsis muaj kws kho mob, ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov pog thiab ib tug kuaj mob: "Nws muaj av qhuav." Kev tshuaj xyuas ib leeg yog chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob: "To ci". Raws li Valeev, nws niam muab nws tus tij laug (nws muaj rau lub hlis) ntawm ib tug dav ntoo shovel thiab ob peb zaug "muab" Nikolai nyob rau hauv qhov cub. Muaj tseeb tiag, lub qhov cub tau txias kom huv si. Thiab lub sij hawm no, tus niam tais khiav ncig lub tsev pheeb suab, ntsia rau hauv qhov rais, khob rau lawv thiab nug ob peb zaug: "Baba, baba, koj ci dab tsi?" Rau qhov uas tus ntxhais vauv teb tias: "Kuv ci av qhuav." Raws li Vladimir Ionovich, nws tus tij laug raug kho rau nyias. Txog rau tam sim no, Nikolai zoo, nws zoo siab, nws muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 60 xyoo.

Vim li cas ho nco txog tus qub SEDUYA? Koj puas nco qab yuav ua li cas hauv zaj dab neeg swan geese nres caum cov menyuam yaus tom qab lawv nce mus rau hauv qhov cub? Lub qhov cub tuaj yeem ua raws li kev cai … Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ci nws tus kheej tsis yog tsuas yog cov txheej txheem kho mob xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub cim rau tsis muaj tsawg dua. Yog li, muab tus menyuam tso rau hauv qhov cub, ntxiv rau qhov kub hnyiab, tuaj yeem ua lub cim ntawm lub qhov cub. tib lub sijhawm:

- rov "ci" ntawm ib tug me nyuam, piv rau qhob cij, nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov cub, uas yog ib qho chaw rau ci qhob cij thiab tib lub sij hawm symbolizes poj niam lub tsev menyuam;

- lub cim "kev ntxhov siab" ntawm tus menyuam, "tsis kho" hauv niam lub plab;

- ib ntus rov qab los ntawm tus menyuam mus rau hauv niam lub plab, cim los ntawm qhov cub, thiab nws qhov thib ob yug;

- Kev tuag ib ntus ntawm ib tug me nyuam, nws nyob hauv lwm lub ntiaj teb, ua cim los ntawm qhov cub, thiab nws rov qab los rau lub ntiaj teb no … Yog li, cov dab neeg tau muab tus kws kho mob uas muaj kev hwm Baba Yaga mus rau hauv cov neeg phem uas nqhis dej rau cov menyuam yaus hauv qhov cub…