Qhov tseeb tag nrho txog phenol thiab formaldehyde

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov khoom siv tau tsim nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm (hauv qhov nutshell, koj tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm nws, tab sis kuv xav tau) kom txo qis kev tsis paub lus tu cev. Muaj ob peb yam khoom uas nrog rau cov txiv neej niaj hnub, nrog rau kev ua siab ntev ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov no yog phenol thiab formaldehyde.

Kuv yuav tsis muaj teeb meem sau ntawv yog tias kuv tsis tau ntes kuv lub qhov muag:

1. ob peb tsab xov xwm uas qhia tias cov tebchaw no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas hauv kev lag luam (tab sis leej twg tuaj yeem sib cav) thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg (TBM, TBM, TBM …). Qee tus kws sau ntawv txawm hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai concentration ntawm cov tshuaj no tau coj los ntawm lub qab nthab thiab ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai tshaj qhov siab tshaj qhov tso cai;
2. TV qhia txog kev tsim kho thiab kho qhov chipboard thiab OSB nquag siv thiab siv tsis raug hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj;
3. Lwm cov piv txwv loj ntawm lub hlwb plua plav txog kev siv cov peev txheej uas tsis suav nrog kev nyiam huv (cov rooj tog zaum, kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom tiav)

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem sawv tsis tau xws li obscurantism thiab kuv txiav txim siab los qhia rau cov zej zog cov ntaub ntawv uas, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis cawm dim ntawm txoj kev tuag (cov kiv cua ntawm sarcastic "peb txhua tus yuav tuag !!!" tom qab ntawd sij hawm.

Thaum xub thawj kuv xav nrhiav ib tsab xov xwm tsim nyog, tab sis … los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm txog kev nyiam huv, uas feem ntau, ntau dhau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa, Kuv feem ntau pom los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Pom zoo tias thaum tus kws tshaj lij ntawm qee qhov kev tsim tawm linoleum, coj los ntawm gills, paub txog yuav ua li cas lub tuam txhab txuag - qhov no yog convex ntau dua li phau ntawv qhia txog kev nyiam huv hauv zej zog.

Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov piv txwv tsis sib xws, thaum cov neeg tsim khoom ua raws li txoj hauv kev txhim kho kom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb, thiab lawv kuj tau pab tsim los ntawm kuv qhov kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Ua ntej, cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov tshuaj no, feem ntau yog los ntawm Wikipedia, txij li thaum suav tias nws tsis tsim nyog sau ib daim ntawv nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb.

PHENOL

Daim ntawv thov

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau xyoo 2006, lub ntiaj teb noj phenol muaj cov qauv hauv qab no:

44% ntawm phenol yog siv rau zus tau tej cov bisphenol A, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv rau zus tau tej cov polycarbonates thiab epoxy resins;

30% ntawm phenol yog siv rau kev tsim cov phenol-formaldehyde resins;

12% ntawm phenol yog hloov los ntawm hydrogenation rau hauv cyclohexanol, uas yog siv kom tau cov fibers dag - nylon thiab nylon;

Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm phenol yog siv nyob rau hauv cov roj refining, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xaiv purification ntawm roj nyob rau hauv technologies units ntawm 37/1 thiab A-37/1 hom. Phenol nthuav tawm cov kev xaiv siab thiab ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj resinous, ntau yam polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nrog luv sab chains, nrog rau cov tebchaw uas muaj leej faj los ntawm cov roj [4];

tas li ntawm phenol yog siv rau lwm yam kev xav tau, suav nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj antioxidants (ionol), nonionic surfactants - polyoxyethylated alkyl phenols (neonols), lwm yam phenols (cresols), tshuaj (aspirin), antiseptics (xeroform) thiab tshuaj tua kab. Kev daws ntawm 1, 4% phenol yog siv hauv tshuaj (orasept) ua tshuaj loog thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.

Phenol thiab nws cov derivatives yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev khaws cov khoom ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Phenol kuj tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov tshuaj "Orasept" thiab "Fukortsin". Nyob rau hauv cosmetology li tshuaj tev (tshuaj lom).

Nyob rau hauv nyuj yug me nyuam: tua kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj nrog daws phenol thiab nws derivatives.

nyob rau hauv cosmetology rau sib sib zog nqus tev.

Toxic zog

Phenol yog tshuaj lom … Hais txog tej yam uas txaus ntshai heev (Hazard class II). Inhalation ua rau dysfunction ntawm lub paj hlwb … Plua plav, vapors thiab phenol tshuaj irritate lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag, ua pa ib ntsuj av, ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau cov tshuaj burns. Tsis muaj pov thawj tias phenol yog carcinogenic hauv tib neeg.

Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) ntawm phenol:

MPCr.z. = 1 mg/m³

MPCr.s = 0.3 mg/m³

MPCm.r. = 0.01 mg/m³

MPCs. = 0,003 mg/m³

MPCv. = 0,001 mg/l.

Tau txais ntawm daim tawv nqaij, phenol yog absorbed sai heev txawm tias los ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab tom qab ob peb feeb pib cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. Ua ntej, muaj lub sijhawm luv luv, thiab tom qab ntawd tuag tes tuag taw ntawm qhov chaw ua pa. Txawm tias thaum raug tshuaj phenol tsawg tsawg, txham, hnoos, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, pallor, xeev siab, thiab tsis muaj zog. Cov mob hnyav ntawm kev ua xua yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis nco qab, cyanosis, ua tsis taus pa, loog ntawm lub pob kws, ceev ceev, NW nyuam qhuav perceptible mem tes, txias hws, thiab feem ntau convulsions. Cov koob tshuaj tuag rau tib neeg thaum noj yog 1-10 g, rau cov menyuam yaus 0.05-0.5 g.

Mob lom

Nyob rau hauv mob lom lom - tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, chim siab, qaug zog, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, dyspeptic tsos mob, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, secretory-motor kev ua si ntawm lub plab, thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob toxic hepatitis. Cov tawv nqaij qhuav, pruritus, dermatitis.

Carcinogenicity

Carcinogens yog "sib koom" rau hauv cov qauv ntawm DNA lossis ua rau tawg hauv nws cov strands, yog li ua rau kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov coding zog. Cov teeb meem no hauv DNA qauv yog ib feem tshem tawm los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes kho tshuab. Qhov kawg tshwm sim yog tsim cov qog- yog li nyob ntawm ntau yam kev cuam tshuam, kev kawm tsis sib luag thiab tswj tsis txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem no.

Lub plurality ntawm cov theem ntawm carcinogenesis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev thiab nrog sib txawv. Hauv particular, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cell lub tshuab ua kom rov ua dua tshiab ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov carcinogens zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj lawv tus kheej carcinogenic kev ua si tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm lwm cov carcinogens, ua "tus pab", "tus pab". Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua co-carcinogenic. Cov nyhuv co-carcinogenic kuj tseem ua tiav yog tias "tus neeg pab" cov tshuaj pab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov carcinogen rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, txhawb nws txoj kev hloov mus rau hauv cov carcinogen zaum kawg thiab khi rau DNA, lossis "pushes" cell twb hloov los ntawm cov carcinogen mus rau ntau.

Thiab ntawm no muaj ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev ua si qhib rau lwm yam, tsis yog-carcinogenic compounds, suav nrog cov phenolic. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pom kev rau kev kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm co-carcinogenic ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog phenols, yog tus qauv kom tau txais cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ib qho ntawm cov carcinogens (benzo (a) pyrene, methylcholanthrene, los yog lwm yam classical compound) yog siv rau cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo ntawm cov nas lossis nas, yav tas los tsis muaj plaub hau, ntawm ib koob tshuaj uas tsis txaus ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qee qhov. ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov tsiaj no xyaum tsis tshwm sim. Tab sis yog tias, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tib thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug cuam tshuam (ib zaug lossis ntau zaus) nrog lwm cov tshuaj, tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv qee qhov ntawm lawv, cov qog tsim. Cov tshuaj no lawv tus kheej tsis muaj lawv tus kheej cov nyhuv carcinogenic, tab sis ua ke nrog cov carcinogen tiag tiag, lawv txhim kho thiab nthuav tawm nws cov txiaj ntsig. Cov tshuaj no hu ua co-carcinogens.

FORMADEHYDE

Daim ntawv thov

Ib qho aqueous tov ntawm formaldehyde (methanediol) stabilized nrog methanol - formalin - ua rau denaturation ntawm cov protein, yog li ntawd nws yog siv los ua ib tug tanning tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv tanning thiab gelatin tanning nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis ntau lawm. Vim muaj zog tanning nyhuv, formaldehyde kuj yog ib tug muaj zog antiseptic, cov cuab yeej ntawm formalin yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj (formidron, Formagel thiab zoo li tshuaj) thiab rau khaws cia ntawm cov khoom lom (kev tsim ntawm anatomical thiab lwm yam tshuaj).

Formaldehyde yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev fumigation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum khaws cia thiab thauj cov nplej.

Ib qho aqueous tov ntawm formaldehyde (methanediol) stabilized nrog urea - UFC - yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm formaldehyde thiab urea nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov urea formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde resins thiab rau kev kho mob ntawm urea tiv thaiv caking; siv nyob rau hauv woodworking thiab rooj tog kev lag luam rau zus tau tej cov plywood, chipboard, thiab lwm yam.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm formaldehyde yog siv rau kev tsim cov thermosetting polymers (phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde thiab melamine-formaldehyde resins); nws kuj yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam organic synthesis (pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, thiab lwm yam).

Thaum lub sij hawm cia (ntawm qhov kub qis dua 9 ° C), cov tshuaj formaldehyde ua pos huab, dawb precipitate (paraformaldehyde) precipitates.

Sau npe hauv kev lag luam zaub mov raws li txoj cai E240.

Kev siv cov formaldehyde hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce

Cov Lus Qhia 76/768 EEC tso cai rau kev siv cov formaldehyde ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv txog li 0.1% hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce rau kev tu lub qhov ncauj, thiab txog li 0.2% hauv lwm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Hauv pharmacology, kev npaj muaj txog li 0.5% formaldehyde yog siv los txo tawm hws yam tsis muaj kev txwv, thiab tsuas yog thaum siv cov tshuaj pleev uas muaj 5% ntawm cov tshuaj no, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom hauv aerosols, tshuaj tsuag. Cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj lus ceeb toom "muaj formaldehyde" yog tias cov ntsiab lus formaldehyde hauv cov khoom tiav dhau 0.05%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub spectrum ntawm antimicrobial kev ua ub no, formaldehyde yog nquag tawm tsam gram-positive, gram-negative kab mob, poov xab zoo li thiab pwm fungi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, formaldehyde thiab parabens txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov proteins. Nrog rau qhov no, kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov plaub hau tom qab kev kho mob nrog formalin tau tsim. Keratin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog formaldehyde hauv ntau txoj kev. Formaldehyde tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog - S - H pab pawg, tsim cov ntawv cog lus - S - CH2 - S - C - NH2 nrog pawg saw, thiab lwm yam arginine pawg.

Yeej tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nyhuv ntawm dilute formaldehyde daws ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Nws yog paub tias yog hais tias ib tug luav pob ntseg yog soaked nyob rau hauv formalin (37% formaldehyde tov) rau 30 feeb, nws yuav tig liab thiab tev tawm, thiab ces tag nrho rov qab (regenerate).

Txij li thaum formaldehyde nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim tau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce uas tsis nyob twj ywm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog xam rau cov neeg uas siv tshuaj zawv plaub hau uas muaj 0.1% formaldehyde raws li ib tug preservative. Kev xam pom tau tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum siv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau no tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv 1 tus neeg ntawm 75,000 … Ua ntej, kev suav yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus ntawm formaldehyde cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha rau tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Thaum ntxuav cov plaub hau, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm formaldehyde hauv cov zawv plaub hau yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij. Qhov thib ob, vim qhov tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm formaldehyde nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous (evaporation), nws cov concentration txo qis thaum lub sijhawm.

Kev nyab xeeb thiab tshuaj lom neeg

Kev tawg pawg IIB raws li GOST R 51330.11-99, pawg tawg T2 raws li GOST R 51330.5-99. Concentration txwv ntawm ignition 7-73% vol.; Hazard Class II (hnyav heev); auto-ignition kub - 435 ° C.

Formaldehyde yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm oxidation ntawm methanol.

Muaj toxicity, tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv caj ces, lub cev xeeb tub, ua pa, qhov muag, tawv nqaij. Nws muaj ib tug muaj zog ntxim rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb.

Maximum permissible concentration (MPC) ntawm formaldehyde:

MPCr.z. = 0.5 mg/m³

MPCm.r. = 0.05 mg/m³

MPCs. = 0.01 mg/m³

MPCv. = 0.05 mg/l

Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 25, 2014, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Lavxias Federation tau pib siv, raws li cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no ntawm MPCm.r. tau tsim. = 0.05 mg/m³, MPCs.with. = 0.01 mg/m³^[8]

Cov koob tshuaj tuag ntawm 40% aqueous tov ntawm formaldehyde (formalin) yog 10-50 g.

Kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom lom

Formaldehyde yog tshuaj lom: noj 60-90 ml yog tuag taus. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom: pallor, tsis muaj zog, tsis nco qab, kev nyuaj siab, ua tsis taus pa, mob taub hau, feem ntau convulsions.

Nyob rau hauv mob inhalation lom: conjunctivitis, mob bronchitis, mus txog rau pulmonary edema. Maj mam, cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb (kiv taub hau, ntshai, tsis khov kho, convulsions) nce. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshuaj lom los ntawm lub qhov ncauj: kub hnyiab ntawm lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av (kub, mob nyob rau hauv lub pharynx, nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pas, nyob rau hauv lub plab, ntuav ntawm cov ntshav masses, raws plab), hemorrhagic nephritis, anuria. Edema ntawm lub larynx, reflex cessation ntawm ua pa yog ua tau.

Cov tshuaj lom neeg mob ntev hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem formalin yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob phaus, cov tsos mob dyspeptic, kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb (kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshee, ataxia, pom kev cuam tshuam, mob taub hau, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo). Organic kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb (thalamic syndrome), hws tawm hws, thiab kub asymmetry tau piav qhia. Cov neeg mob bronchial hawb pob tau tshaj tawm.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm raug rau formalin vapors (piv txwv li, ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm dag resins), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog formalin los yog nws cov kev daws teeb meem, pronounced dermatitis ntawm lub ntsej muag, forearms thiab tes, ntsia thawv kev puas tsuaj (fragility, softening.). Cov kab mob dermatitis thiab eczema ntawm ib qho kev ua xua tuaj yeem ua tau. Tom qab ncua kev tshuaj lom, rhiab heev rau formalin nce. Muaj pov thawj ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm poj niam lub cev.

Carcinogenicity

Formaldehyde muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj carcinogenic GN 1.1.725-98 nyob rau hauv seem "tej zaum carcinogenic rau tib neeg", thaum nws carcinogenicity rau tsiaj tau raug pov thawj.

(ntawm no Wikipedia yog outdated - GN tsis siv tau lawm, tab sis formaldehyde yog nyob rau hauv SanPiN 1.2.2353-08 Carcinogenic yam thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm carcinogenic txaus ntshai)

Kuv pom tias neeg feem coob xav Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm phenol thiab formaldehyde yog cov khoom tiav, tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj (los ntawm kev dag ntxias) qhov chaw - rooj tog! Thiab tsis yog rooj tog xwb. Thiab muaj tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog. Ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nco ntsoov, lub ntsiab feature ntawm uas yog siv txhua yam "ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg", "ntsuab", zoo, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm lawv muaj xws li tsis hnov tsw, ntawm ob peb hais saum toj no, hais tias cov lus nug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev ntsuas, yuav ua li cas hnia tawm "ib puag ncig phooj ywg" rau cov neeg muas zaub nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tshuaj stench. Cov kev ntsuas tau pom ntau dhau (Kuv tsis nco qab pes tsawg, tab sis ntau, ntau) zaug. Cov xwm txheej ntxiv ntawm qhov teeb meem - tag nrho cov rooj tog thiab tag nrho cov khoom tiav muaj cov ntawv hla tebchaws thiab yog "ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg" rau nimagu ntawm daim ntawv; lub qhov cua qhov system yog tiag tiag tswj thiab ntxuav; qhov chaw nws tus kheej yog ib lub tsev loj nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm enclosures, lub thoob dej yug ntses - chav sib tham nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab ob chav cais - chav dej thiab tus thawj coj lub chaw ua haujlwm. Yog li, tag nrho cov rooj tog zaum raug kuaj thiab muaj daim ntawv pov thawj, tab sis tsuas yog cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev huab cua.

Huab cua chamber … ntawm koj tus ntiv tes

GOST 30255-95 Rooj tog, ntoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymerTxoj kev los txiav txim qhov tso tawm ntawm formaldehyde thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsis haum tshuaj nyob rau hauv climatic chambers

Los ntawm muaj:

4.1 Txhawm rau kuaj cov khoom siv rooj tog, cov qauv raug coj mus rau hauv tus nqi uas tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub chamber ntim:

- rau cov rooj tog zaum, rooj, txaj - 1 m ntawm cov qauv saum npoo ib 1 m ntawm qhov ntim ntawm huab cua chamber;

- rau cov khoom siv rooj tog zaum thiab dag - 0.3 m ntawm cov qauv saum npoo ntawm ib 1 m ntawm qhov ntim ntawm huab cua chamber.

Qhov chaw saum npoo ntawm cov qauv yog suav nrog qhov yuam kev ntawm ± 3%. Nws suav nrog tag nrho cheeb tsam los ntawm 2 sab ntawm tag nrho cov rooj tog zaum (qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa tom qab, hauv qab ntawm cov tub rau khoom, txee, qhov chaw tom qab iav, ntsaws rau hauv cov khoom rooj tog zaum thiab dag, thiab lwm yam).

3.1.3 Nyob rau hauv lub ntim ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chamber thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas, cov nram qab no tsis yuav tsum tau khaws cia:

huab cua kub - (23 ± 2) ° C;

txheeb ze av noo - (45 ± 5)%;

huab cua pauv ib teev - 1 ± 0,1.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom parquet yog ua nrog kev sib pauv huab cua (0.5 ± 0.05) ib teev.

6.7 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas yog ua los ntawm kev sib piv nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai kom muaj kev phom sij hauv huab cua huab cua, tau pom zoo raws li kev sau tseg los ntawm lub cev ntawm Lub Xeev Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Kab Mob.

Yog li, piv txwv li, ib chav, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib lub wardrobe, txaj, rooj, thiab lub rooj zaum.

txee dav - 1.2m, qhov siab -2.4m, qhov tob -0.6m nrog 2 txee. Nws cheeb tsam yog 21.6 m²… Vim txee ua los ntawm chipboard thiab plywood, tab sis nrog coatings thiab claddings, ces xav tias nws muab nyob rau hauv lub chamber, rau simplicity thiab clarity, qhov tshwm sim ntawm 1 MPC. Yog li, rau qhov concentration hauv chav nrog lub txee no yuav tsum yog 1 MPC, qhov xav tau ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum yog 21.6 m.³… Nrog lub qab nthab qhov siab ntawm 2.5m (tus qauv nquag), 8.64m yuav tsum² thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev.

Lub rooj (sau - laminated chipboard yog qhov yooj yim tshaj) - 8, 54m³ ib 3,4m² raws.

Lub txaj ntoo nrog lub txaj yuav xav tau - 29.3 m³ ib 11,7m².

Chair 2,5 m³ thiab 1m².

Total UAS: 24.3 m² yuav tsum nyob hauv chav kom tsis pub dhau MPC nrog ib qho kev sib pauv huab cua. Thiab tseem, tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv chav tsev, tsis muaj cov khoom tiav, tsis muaj qhov chaw ntawm phenol thiab formaldehyde - liab qab pob zeb rau ntawm phab ntsa, pem teb thiab qab nthab (txawm hais tias qee zaum, lawv kuj yog qhov chaw).

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav ib chav ntawm 24.3 m², yog li xav tau lwm txoj kev.

kev txhim kho cov rooj tog zoo (nyob rau hauv capitalism, qhov no tsis yog # 1 txoj kev, tab sis qhov kawg, vim nws ua rau cov nqi)

nce qhov zaus ntawm huab cua pauv (natural ventilation tsuas yog muab 4-fold huab cua sib pauv - ces cov microclimate tsis ua txhaum).

Huab cua pom (zoo, qhov no yog qhov zoo heev)

Tam sim no teb koj tus kheej - hom twg siv hauv koj lub tsev?

Txawm hais tias cov rooj tog tsis yog txhua yam phem. Muaj cov tuam txhab uas tab tom sim ua cov khoom lag luam zoo, tab sis … sai li sai tau capitalism ib zaug ntxiv nruj lub stranglehold - qhov zoo txo.

Cia peb mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov tseeb, nws yog qee yam kev kho thiab mowing iav uas ua rau kuv nqa cov keyboard, lawv tau qhia kuv yuav ua li cas ntxiv OSB thiab chipboard rau hauv chav nyob.

Chipboard yuav tsum ua raws li tib GOST, tab sis … Koj puas paub vim li cas chipboard yog pasted nrog ntawv ci? Thiab ib qho ntawm kuv cov neeg paub tam sim no paub tseeb. Thiab tom qab tag nrho, uas yog yam ntxwv, kuv tau piav qhia rau nws vim li cas thiab piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov cua, tab sis qhov cua los ntawm 50tyr nce tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab chipboard yog pheej yig dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv pem teb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug movie, uas, raws li lawv hais nyob rau hauv TV tshaj tawm glued kom tsis txhob stain chipboard ua ntej tha xim, rub nws tawm hauv chav tsis muaj cua, thiab lwm yam. poob nco qab, nws phem npaum li cas ces nws pleev xim rau. Yog li ntawd, nws ntuav, oklemalsya thiab tiav cov plag tsev. Tab sis txawm tias qhov kev paub zoo li no tsis ua rau nws rov xav txog nws cov kev xav ntawm "kev yooj yim thiab pheej yig" cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab tsis muaj cua.

Zoo, chipboard yuav tsum tau insulated, tab sis qhov twg yog nws sau txog (tshwj tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb), thiab nyob rau telebrainer txhob qhia. Tab sis qhov tseeb masterpiece yog GOST ntawm OSB: GOST 32567-2013 "Wood boards nrog oriented shavings. Specifications"

Qhov tseeb, txhua yam dhau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus qauv no:

"1 TAM SIM NO los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Tsis Ua Lag Luam Hauv Chaw rau Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm Cov Khoom Hav Zoov "LESSERTIKA" (ANO TsSL" LESSERTIKA "), Lub Tuam Txhab Koom Tes Ua Lag Luam Kaw "Tsim, Kev Lag Luam, Kev Pabcuam" (CJSC "Consulting Firm" PIK "), Limited Liability Company "Kronospan" (LLC "Kronospan"), Limited Liability Company "Kronostar" (LLC "Kronostar"), Limited Liability Company "ORIS" (LLC "ORIS") thiab Limited Liability Company" DOK "Kalevala" (LLC "DOK" Kalevala ")"

Cov. Tus qauv yog tsim los ntawm OSB manufacturers. Thiab txhua yam yuav tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias nws tsis yog rau:

6.2 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv boards Tsuas yog formaldehyde (saib 5.12) yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau lawv tso tawm rau hauv huab cua rau cov khoom no, tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kab mob sib kis.

5.12 Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev cai rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub phaj, tso tawm formaldehyde los ntawm lub phaj mus rau hauv cov huab cua, rau daim hlau ntawm formaldehyde emission classes E0.5, E1 thiab E2 yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj cov nqi teev nyob rau hauv Table 8. Cov phaj ua tsis muaj formaldehyde-muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug cais raws li chav kawm E0.5 yam tsis muaj kev sim. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov chav kawm formaldehyde emission, cov chaw tsim khoom siv ib txoj hauv kev.

Ib zaug ntxiv climatic chamber. Tam sim no cia peb kwv yees seb thaj chaw twg hauv chav nrog OSB yuav tsum muaj - phab ntsa nrog chav kawm emission E0, 5 txhawm rau kom huab cua hauv chav ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Cia peb saib tus qauv hauv GN 2.1.6.3492-17 "Kev tso cai siab tshaj plaws (MPC) ntawm cov pa phem hauv huab cua hauv nroog thiab cov chaw nyob deb nroog"

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia ntawm no qhov siab tshaj plaws ib zaug (qhov siab tshaj plaws ib zaug) thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub MPC yog dab tsi.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws MPC ib zaug - MPC, uas tau tsim los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg (tseem hu ua, hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm bioelectric ntawm lub hlwb, lub teeb rhiab heev ntawm qhov muag, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv rau cov pa phem hauv huab cua (txog 20 feeb).

Nruab nrab txhua hnub MPC - MPC, uas yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg, carcinogenic thiab mutagenic nyhuv ntawm ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg lub cev.

Yog li, GOST twb tau muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj MPC los ntawm 8 zaug rau OSB nrog emission class E0.5.

Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kwv yees tias tag nrho MPCs yuav dhau mus, uas qhia ncaj qha tias kev sib cuag ntawm OSB nrog rau qhov chaw nyob yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

Rau cov neeg uas tsis ntseeg thiab ntseeg tias ib zaug qhov kev txwv ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog reflex-resorptive, i.e. Qhov phem tshaj plaws yog tias tej zaum nws yog ib tug neeg uas ua siab mos siab muag, thiab qhov ntawd yog tag nrho. Rau lawv, kuv yuav ntxiv hais tias nyob rau hauv SanPiN 1.2.2353-08 Carcinogenic yam thiab cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm carcinogenic txaus ntshai, cov hauv qab no yog cais tseem ceeb:

Cov qauv kev nyiam huv rau huab cua ntawm thaj chaw nyob thiab tsis yog kev lag luam

2.1.1.74 ib. Formaldehyde - 0.01 mg / m³»

Thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv GOST ntawm OSB, kev siv thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom sib cais tsis tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.

Cia peb kwv yees seb thaj tsam ntawm ib chav nrog 2.5 m ceilings yuav tsum yog, upholstered los ntawm sab hauv nrog OSB ua raws li GOST thiab txawm emitting Formaldehyde - 0.01 mg / m³, i.e. 1 MPC (uas kuv ntseeg tsis tau). Ntawm no qhov kev txwv ntawm kuv kev paub lej tshwm sim, tab sis muab qhov chaw yog square, ntawm no yog cov qauv: 2.5x²= 2.5x + 2.5x + x²) tej zaum kuv yuam kev, chav tsev yuav tsum ntau li 400m².

Cov lej tsiaj qus no qhia tias OSB yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm huab cua ntawm cov tsev nyob. Lamination thiab pleev xim ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov no.

Qhov tseeb, rau cov laj thawj no, cov rooj tog zaum chipboard yog laminated. Thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev nyab xeeb rau ob qho tib si rooj tog thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas siv phenol-formaldehyde thiab urea-formaldehyde resins.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias insulating cov xim xws li roj pleev xim, tom qab ziab, tshem tawm ntawm unpolymerized residues thiab yog ib tug zoo txheej. Tab sis dua, cov xim roj muaj kev nyab xeeb tsuas yog thaum siv rau hauv cov txheej tsis tuab heev, txwv tsis pub cov khoom seem ntawm cov chemistry yuav raug tso tawm rau hauv chav tsev ntev ntev.

Zoo, rau qhov qab zib, rau cov neeg nyiam sib cav hais tias cov ntxhia wool yog ib qho khoom "ecological"

Mineral wool manufacturing kauj ruam

Melting ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv (dolomite, basalt, diabase, slags los ntawm lwm yam lag luam). Qhov sib xyaw ua ntej npaj tau ntim rau hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb, vats lossis cupolas. Ua haujlwm kub txog 1400-1500 degrees.

Fibering. Lub tiav lawm yaj txav mus rau hauv lub centrifuge, qhov twg cov chais rotating ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 7000 rpm tig cov muaj pes tsawg leeg mus rau hauv ntau cais thiab ywj fibers.

Kev kho cov fibers nrog anti-caking thiab hluavtaws-raws li binder Cheebtsam, uas muaj ntau yam resins feem ntau siv (phenol-formaldehyde thiab cyan-formaldehyde). Vim lub zog ntws ntawm huab cua, cov fibers txav mus rau hauv chav txias, tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo li cov ntaub pua plag;

Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb muab cov ntaub rau qhov xav tau ntim thiab ntev, tom qab ntawd cov ntaub pua plag nkag mus rau hauv chav sov. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muaj pes tsawg leeg polymerizes thiab tau txais nws cov ntim kawg.

Tom qab ntawd cov ntxhia wool yog txiav rau hauv blocks thiab ntim.

P. S. Peb nyob hauv ib puag ncig uas yog, peb siv cov khoom siv uas muaj. Yog li cia peb siv cov ntaub ntawv raws li lawv cov khoom, tsis yog fairy tales. greedy managers, tsis txhob muab cov khoom siv niaj hnub no, tab sis coj mus rau hauv tus account lawv qhov txaus ntshai.

PS.2 Raws li koj paub, feem ntau mob plab hnyuv lom pib nrog cov lus: "Vim li cas nws yuav muaj ib yam dab tsi hauv lub tub yees" (Qhov no yog qhov thib ob huab cua - tsis quav ntsej qhov tseeb).